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公开(公告)号：US3953736A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-27
申请号：US515471
申请日：1974-10-17
CPC分类号： G01B15/025 , G06F7/62
摘要： Disclosed is a method of and an apparatus for measuring the thickness of an object, usually a metal strip, by using a radiation beam and digital techniques and, more generally, a method of linearization of an exponential function which can be advantageously implemented by digital techniques. First, a counter is preset to a count corresponding to a predetermined magnitude of a value to be linearized. Then, a sequence of pulses whose number is representative of the value to be linearized is generated. The pulses of this sequence are counted so as to generate a signal each time the number of pulses counted corresponds to a standard value unit. Each signal so generated is used to modify by a predetermined count the count of the preset counter whereby, at the end of the sequence, the contents of the preset counter is representative of the value to be linearized.An apparatus for implementing such a linearization method when applied to the output signal of a radiation detector providing a pulse rate representative of the thickness of an object through which the radiation of a gamma source is received, comprises a gate which receives the output signal of the radiation detector and is enabled during a preset time. The output pulses of the gate are applied simultaneously to a first counter, a divider and a second counter. The first counter provides a signal when its count reaches a value corresponding to the maximum thickness which is expected to be measured. The output signal of the first counter resets the second counter and presets a down counter to a count corresponding to the quotient of the maximum thickness by a standard thickness unit. The divider divides the number of pulses by a coefficient representative of a standard thickness unit and the output pulses of the divider are accumulated in an accumulator. The accumulated sum is compared in a comparator against the contents of the second counter and the output signal of the comparator is applied to the down counter and to the reset input of the second counter. When all the pulses have been counted, the down counter displays the thickness of the object.Other embodiments for compensating the dead-time of the radiation detector and the decay of the radiation source as well as for increasing the accuracy of the measurement are also described.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过使用辐射束和数字技术来测量物体（通常为金属条）的厚度的方法和装置，并且更一般地，可以有利地通过数字技术实现的指数函数的线性化方法 。 首先，将计数器预设为对应于要线性化的值的预定大小的计数。 然后，产生其数字代表要被线性化的值的脉冲序列。 对该序列的脉冲进行计数，以便每当计数的脉冲数对应于标准值单位时产生信号。 如此生成的每个信号用于通过预定计数来修改预置计数器的计数，由此在序列结束时，预设计数器的内容代表要被线性化的值。
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公开(公告)号：US3894218A
公开(公告)日：1975-07-08
申请号：US45126074
申请日：1974-03-14
申请人： BENDIX CORP
发明人： WEISSLER HAROLD E
IPC分类号： G04F3/00 , B60T8/172 , G01P3/42 , G01P3/489 , G01R23/10 , G04F10/04 , G06F7/62 , G06F7/64 , G06F15/20
摘要： A variable inverse period timer computes the inverse period between events, where the repetition frequency of the events can vary greatly. Where the repetition frequency of the events is relatively high the average inverse period of a plurality of events is computed, and where the repetition frequency of the events is relatively low a single inverse period is computed. This is accomplished by providing a digital differential analyzer which generates the locus of possible inverse periods from an initial condition and which is activated a fixed time after the occurrence of a first event. Upon occurrence of an event subsequent to the activation of the digital differential analyzer, the value generated by the digital differential analyzer is essentially multiplied by the number of events which occurred since the first event.
摘要翻译： 可变反周期定时器计算事件之间的反向周期，其中事件的重复频率可以变化很大。 在事件的重复频率相对较高的情况下，计算多个事件的平均反向周期，并且如果事件的重复频率相对较低，则计算单个反周期。 这是通过提供一种数字差分分析仪实现的，数字差分分析仪从初始条件产生可能的反相时间的轨迹，并且在第一事件发生之后的固定时间被激活。 在数字差分分析仪激活之后发生事件时，由数字差分分析仪产生的值基本上乘以自第一事件以来发生的事件数。
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104.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3832641A
公开(公告)日：1974-08-27
申请号：US40772673
申请日：1973-10-18
发明人： HERCHENROEDER L
摘要： A voltage reference source is provided in which a pulse source under the regimen of logic circuitry disciplines the count of two digital counters, one for counting a cosine function through 360 electrical degrees, the other counting a sine function through 360 electrical degrees. Digital to analog converters coupled to the respective counters convert the digital intelligence into analog wave forms Vm cos omega t and Vm sin omega t. Additionally by algebraic summation operational amplifiers are used to convert the two phase outputs Vm cos omega t and Vm sin omega t into a three phase voltage output.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种电压参考源，其中在逻辑电路方案下的脉冲源规定了两个数字计数器的计数，一个用于通过360度电度度计数余弦函数，另一个用360度电度计算正弦函数。 耦合到相应计数器的数模转换器将数字智能转换成模拟波形Vmcosωωt和Vmsinωωt。
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公开(公告)号：US3832609A
公开(公告)日：1974-08-27
申请号：US32969773
申请日：1973-02-05
申请人： WOODWARD GOVERNOR CO
摘要： A system for detecting excessive slip between the speed of an ac. motor and the speed of an a-c. generator supplying power to the motor at a variable frequency. Transducers associated with the motor and the generator produce pulses at frequencies proportional to the speeds of the motor and the generator, respectively. The periods Tm and Tg of these two series of pulses are measured by applying clock pulses to a counter during each period, so that the number of clock pulses counted during each period is proportional to the duration thereof. The pulses applied to the counter during the period Tm are counted up, and the pulses applied during the period Tg are counted down, so that the resulting output of the counter represents the difference (Tm - Tg). The count representing the period Tm is stored in a separate register, and the number representing Tm is then repetitively subtracted from the number representing (Tm - Tg) until the remainder is reduced to zero. The number of subtraction steps required to reduce the remainder to zero is counted to provide a number representing the quotient (Tm -Tg)/Tm. This quotient represents the per cent slip of the motor, and is compared with a preselected per cent slip limit determined by the setting of a series of thumbwheel switches. If the measured per cent slip value exceeds the preselected limit, an output signal is generated for actuating an alarm or other suitable utilization device so that the excessive slip condition can be corrected. Computation of the actual per cent slip is carried out by digital signal processing on a rapidly iterating basis so that the system provides a substantially instantaneous indication of any change in the percent slip. The system includes a number of auxiliary features for detecting various malfunctions and for resetting the system in response to both internal and external command signals.
摘要翻译： 用于检测a-c速度之间的过度滑移的系统。 电机和a-c的速度。 发电机以可变频率向电动机供电。 与电动机和发电机相关联的传感器分别产生与电动机和发电机的速度成正比的脉冲。 这两个脉冲序列的周期Tm和Tg通过在每个周期期间对计数器施加时钟脉冲来测量，使得在每个周期期间计数的时钟脉冲的数量与其持续时间成比例。 在期间Tm期间施加到计数器的脉冲向上计数，并且在周期Tg期间施加的脉冲向下计数，使得计数器的所得输出表示差值（Tm-Tg）。 表示周期Tm的计数被存储在单独的寄存器中，然后从表示（Tm-Tg）的数字中重复地表示Tm的数字，直到余数减少到零。 计算将余数减少到零所需的减法步数，以提供表示商（Tm-Tg）/ Tm的数字。 该商值表示电动机的百分之一滑差，并与由一系列指轮开关设置确定的预选百分比滑差进行比较。 如果测量的百分比滑差值超过预选极限，则产生用于致动报警器或其他合适的利用装置的输出信号，从而可以校正过度滑动状态。 实际百分比滑差的计算是通过快速迭代的数字信号处理进行的，以便系统提供百分比滑差中任何变化的基本瞬时指示。 该系统包括许多用于检测各种故障的辅助特征，并且响应于内部和外部命令信号来重置系统。
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公开(公告)号：US3823311A
公开(公告)日：1974-07-09
申请号：US36928273
申请日：1973-07-06
申请人： HOBART MFG CO
发明人： ALLEN K , BOSHINSKI E
IPC分类号： G01G19/415 , G06F7/62 , G06F7/52
CPC分类号： G06F7/62 , G01G19/415
摘要： A computing and printing scale system includes a pulse generator and an optical scale incorporating a mechanism which reads out the balance position of the platter and stores the weight information by selective transmission of pulses directly to a series of pulse counters each representing one column of weight information. Thereafter, the value of the weighed load at a preset unit price is computed by selective transmission of pulses to a series of value counters in accordance with partial product multiplication of the digits of weight and unit price, controlled in part by the weight counters. Finally, the weight and value information stored in the counters is transmitted to a printerregister which prints the information on a label.
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公开(公告)号：US3745340A
公开(公告)日：1973-07-10
申请号：US3745340D
申请日：1971-11-30
发明人： FUKABORI T , INOUE Y , SAKAKI M
摘要： An apparatus for measuring the sulfur content of hydrocarbons by detecting the dose of gamma-rays which penetrate through a hydrocarbon whose sulfur content is to be determined. A first counting means is provided for counting the dose of gamma-rays which penetrates through the hydrocarbon whose sulfur content is to be measured, a second counting means for counting the number of pulses which have a constant period which are generated from a pulse generator and a display means which directly displays the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon. The first counting means and the second counting means both begin to count simultaneously and both stop simultaneously when the value counted by the first counting means reaches a preset value which is required to display the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon to be measured with n decimal figures of accuracy. The sulfur content is provided by the count in the second counter and is displayed by the display means to thereby enable the sulfur content to be directly read.
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公开(公告)号：US3725794A
公开(公告)日：1973-04-03
申请号：US3725794D
申请日：1972-02-07
申请人： GTE SYLVANIA INC
发明人： ASPLUND R
CPC分类号： F02P7/0775 , F02P5/15 , G06F7/62 , G06F7/68 , Y02T10/46
摘要： Interpolating apparatus for dividing time intervals of variable duration into an integral number of subintervals is shown wherein the time intervals are divided into a first predetermined number of subintervals each of which are further divided into a second predetermined number of subintervals.
摘要翻译： 示出了用于将可变持续时间的时间间隔划分成整数个子间隔的插值装置，其中时间间隔被划分为第一预定数量的子区间，每个子区间进一步被划分为第二预定数量的子区间。
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公开(公告)号：US3678252A
公开(公告)日：1972-07-18
申请号：US3678252D
申请日：1970-07-28
发明人： PAYNE ROY DAVID
摘要： A system for taking the difference between the duration of a pulse, and the time between pulses including a reversible binary counter to count up during one interval and to count down during a succeeding interval. The count at the end of the succeeding interval is transferred to a binary digital storage register by a set of gates. The output of the storage register is then impressed upon an indicator.
摘要翻译： 用于获取脉冲的持续时间与包括可逆二进制计数器的脉冲之间的时间之间的时间的系统在一个间隔期间进行计数并在随后的间隔期间倒计数。 在后续间隔结束时的计数通过一组门传送到二进制数字存储寄存器。 然后将存储寄存器的输出印在指示器上。
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110.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3662159A
公开(公告)日：1972-05-09
申请号：US3662159D
申请日：1970-09-09
申请人： SAUTER KG AUGUST
发明人： SCHIEF ALFRED
摘要： A method of digitally computing the square of the ratio of a variable measuring frequency fx to a constant base frequency fxo using a constant reference frequency fo, especially in measuring weights on a string-type scale by employing a measuring counter, a base time counter and a control counter, comprising the steps of simultaneously with the initiating of the counting operation producing a series of electrical pulses Ix with a frequency Fx proportional to the signal frequency fx, feeding this series of pulses to the measuring counter for a counting period comprising two counting phases the first one of which is set by the base time counter, producing a series of electrical reference pulses Io with a frequency Fo proportion to the base frequency fxo, feeding the reference pulses Io in excess of pulses Ix to the control counter which sets the second one of the counting phases, the measuring frequency fx after the beginning of the counting is fed to the measuring counter M over a first AND gate UI and over a second AND gate U2 to an input V of the control counter S also having a second input R, the reference frequency fo being fed to the second input R over a third AND gate U3, and also over a fourth AND gate U4 to the base time counter G which counts from zero up to a predetermined number and thereby sets the period T2 of the first counting phase during which an output signal of the base time counter is fed into the second and fourth AND gates U2, U4, such output signal keeping the second and fourth AND gates open during the first phase, the control counter S attaining a count during the fist counting phase which during the second counting phase determined by the time period T2 of the control counter S is reduced by the reference frequency fo to zero and, at the end of such time period T2 the first AND gate U1 becomes closed which has been kept open till the end of such time period T2 by an output signal of the control counter S.
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