摘要:
Provided is a method for forming patterns of a semiconductor device. According to the method, first mask patterns may be formed on a substrate, and second mask patterns may be formed on sidewalls of each first mask pattern. Third mask patterns may fill spaces formed between adjacent second mask patterns, and the second mask patterns may be removed. A portion of the substrate may then be removed using the first and third mask patterns as etch masks.
摘要:
An electrodeless lighting apparatus includes: a waveguide for guiding microwave energy generated from a microwave generator; a resonance unit coupled with an outlet of the waveguide and comprising at least two resonators having mesh structures which are slidingly coupled with each other in the longitudinal direction such that the height of the resonance unit is varied and an aperture ratio according to the height of the resonance unit is varied, the resonance unit for resonating the microwave energy guided through the waveguide; and a bulb located inside the resonance unit and generating light as a material enclosed therein becomes plasma by microwave energy, so that the overall length of the resonance unit can be varied or aperture ratios of the mesh corresponding to the height of the resonance unit can be adjusted according to a bulb type and conditions to which the electrodeless lighting apparatus is applied, whereby a resonator does not need to be separately manufactured according to its length or aperture ratio. Accordingly, time and costs spent manufacturing a new resonator can be reduced to thereby lower the unit cost and maintenance costs can be reduced by decreasing the number of assembly processes when changing a bulb.
摘要:
A plasma lighting system comprises a resonator, a bulb received in the resonator and containing a discharge material therein for emitting light in accordance with the discharge material is exited as a plasma state, and a dielectric mirror disposed at one side of the bulb and formed of a spontaneous reflective material for spontaneously reflecting light generated from the bulb. The dielectric mirror can be included or excluded, and can smoothly reflect light without an additional reflection coating layer. The dielectric mirror is prevented from being damaged even in a high temperature, and thus a lowering of an optical efficiency is prevented when used for a long time.
摘要:
An electrodeless lighting system includes a resonator which passes light. The resonator communicates with a waveguide which guides microwave energy generated by a microwave generator. The microwave energy forms an electric field in the resonator. The electrodeless lighting system further includes a bulb, positioned in the resonator, that generates light from the electric field, a first coil which is wound around an outer circumferential surface of the resonator, and a second coil which is wound around the outer circumferential surface of the resonator. The bulb is disposed between the first coil and the second coil, with the first coil and the second coil forming a magnetic field around the bulb. Accordingly, initial lighting can be more easily achieved, and if the intensity of the magnetic field is properly controlled, the total quantity of light is increased, thereby improving luminous efficiency of the bulb.
摘要:
An electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided containing a specific asymmetric naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative having a nitro group. An electrophotographic imaging apparatus, an electrophotographic cartridge, and an electrophotographic drum employing the electrophotographic photoreceptor are also provided. The naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivative has high solubility in an organic solvent, compatibility with a binder resin, and electron transporting ability. The electrophotographic photoreceptor manufactured using the naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide derivatives has an excellent electrostatic property.
摘要:
An electrodeless lighting system comprises: a first case in which a microwave generator, a waveguide for guiding microwave energy and a luminous part communicating with the waveguide, for emitting light by the microwave energy are installed, wherein one side of the first case is opened so that light from the luminous part is emitted to the outside; a second case coupled to the first case to open or close the opened one side of the first case and configured to pass the light from the luminous part; and a third case positioned at one outer side of the first case, in which a high voltage generator for supplying a high voltage to the microwave generator is installed. Accordingly, in the electrodeless lighting system, lateral lighting can be made like a streetlight, heat generating components and lighting components can be installed at separated spaces, respectively, and the generated heat can be smoothly emitted to the outside.
摘要:
Disclosed is a bulb of an electrodeless lighting system, comprising: a resonator communicated with a waveguide which guides microwave energy generated in a microwave generator, for allowing light to pass therethrough and resonating the microwave energy therein; and a bulb placed in the resonator, for emitting light by exciting a light emitting material therein depending on the microwave energy, wherein the light emitting material is composed of a sulfur and an additive combined with the sulfur for varying a correlated color temperature during emission, thereby capable of varying the correlated color temperature of the light emitted from the bulb up to 6000K˜2500K with a high efficiency.
摘要:
An electrodeless lighting system includes: a waveguide for guiding microwave energy generated from a microwave generator; and a resonator formed in a mesh structure allowing the microwave energy having passed the waveguide to resonate therein and passing light, and having around the bulb a microwave leakage preventing portion having a relatively low perforation ratio per unit area so that microwave energy is concentrated on the bulb positioned therein. Accordingly, leakage of microwaves is minimized and luminous efficiency is improved.