摘要:
A disclosed method includes: receiving a packet from a first router of plural routers; identifying a communication type allocated to the first router by using first data representing a communication type for each of the plural routers; and requesting a communication apparatus nearest to the first router among plural communication apparatuses, for which a setting for a tunnel to transfer a packet to each of the plural routers is made and which are subordinate to the plural routers, to output a packet relating to the identified communication type to a tunnel to transfer a packet to the first router.
摘要:
A multi-layer electronic component that can be repetitively operated under high voltage, high temperature and high humidity is provided.The multi-layer electronic component comprises a plurality of dielectric material layers made of a sintered material having perovskite structure that includes Pb; and a plurality of internal electrodes, the dielectric material layers and the internal electrodes being stacked alternately one on another, wherein lead compound that remains in the crystal grain boundaries of the dielectric material layers is controlled so that the number of grains of the lead compound not smaller than 0.01 μm are 2 or less per 100 μm2 on average.
摘要:
A multi-layer piezoelectric element includes a multi-layer structure having a plurality of internal electrode layers and a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers. The multi-layer structure has a driving portion formed by stacking the plurality of internal electrode layers and the piezoelectric ceramic layers alternately on each other, and non-driving portions that are formed by stacking a plurality of the piezoelectric ceramic layers and are disposed on both end portions of the driving portion in a stacked direction. The piezoelectric ceramic layers of the non-driving portions have the same piezoelectric material as that of the piezoelectric ceramic layers of the driving portion as a main component, and have a mean crystal grain size larger than that of the driving portion.
摘要:
A driving apparatus includes a voltage applying unit, a light irradiation unit and a resistance control unit. The voltage applying unit forms a voltage applying circuit together with a pair of electrode layers of a photo-addressing type display element. The voltage applying unit applies a voltage between the pair of electrode layers. The light irradiation unit irradiates the photo-addressing type display element with addressing light. The resistance control unit controls a resistance to a current which flows in a direction to reduce a potential difference between the pair of electrode layers to be larger than that during a period in which the voltage applying unit is applying the voltage.
摘要:
There are provided a multi-layer piezoelectric element which suppresses damage or separation of an external electrode and improves durability, as well as an injection device and a fuel injection system using the multi-layer piezoelectric element. A multi-layer piezoelectric element includes a stacked body including stacked piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes, a conductor layer disposed coveringly on a side surface of the stacked body so as to be elongated in a stacking direction of the stacked body to electrically connect with ends of the internal electrodes, which are extended to the side surface of the stacked body, and an external electrode disposed on the conductor layer, one end in the stacking direction of the external electrode being a feeding end, a bonded region of the external electrode which is bonded to the conductor layer in an area near the feeding end being covered with a resin.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier; a transfer member that transfers an image onto a recording medium; a leading-end holding member that holds a leading-end side of the recording medium, which is fed to the transfer member, between the leading-end holding member and an outer circumferential surface of the transfer member, in such a way to restrict displacement of the recording medium and to restrict movement of the recording medium in a direction away from the transfer member; and a rear-end holding member that holds a rear-end side of the recording medium, in the transporting direction thereof, between the rear-end holding member and the outer circumferential surface of the transfer member, in such a way to allow displacement of the recording medium in the transporting direction and to restrict movement of the recording medium in the direction away from the transfer member.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier that is rotatably arranged and carries an image on an outer circumferential surface thereof; a transfer member that is rotatably arranged to face the image carrier and transfers the image carried on the image carrier onto a sheet held between the transfer member and the image carrier; a leading edge gripping member that is secured to the transfer member and grips a leading edge side of the sheet in a transport direction thereof on an outer circumferential surface of the transfer member; and a trailing edge holding member that is arranged to be rotatable around the transfer member, holds a trailing edge side of the sheet in the transport direction thereof between the trailing edge holding member and the outer circumferential surface of the transfer member, and bends to release the trailing edge side of the sheet in the transport direction thereof.
摘要:
An optical recording apparatus and a method of optical recording are disclosed in which: a DC voltage of a first polarity is applied, as a reset voltage for initializing a display layer, to one of a plurality of divided electrodes which is selected in a predetermined sequence along a specified direction, and reset light is irradiated onto a photoconductor layer in a region corresponding to the selected divided electrode; and a DC voltage of a second polarity opposite to the first polarity is applied, as an image writing voltage for writing an image in the display layer, to the selected divided electrode, and image light corresponding to input image information is irradiated onto the photoconductor layer in the region corresponding to the selected divided electrode. Also disclosed is an image display apparatus including the optical recording apparatus.
摘要:
There is provided an optical writing image forming device including: a positioning section positioning an optically written display medium including a pair of electrodes with at least one of which formed by a group of plural sub-electrodes, a display layer, and a photoconductor layer; a display layer initialization section applying an initialization voltage between the pair of electrodes and irradiating initialization light over the entire region of the photoconductor layer; an optical writing section; a head position identification section; and a writing information erasing section, based on information identified by the head position identification section, erasing in a time-series writing information in the display layer corresponding to the group of the plural sub-electrodes by selecting the sub-electrodes in sequence so that an image writing head does not obstruct light emitted from the initialization light source while the image writing head light source is being returned to a standby position.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes: an image carrier; a transfer member transfers the image carried on the outer circumferential surface of the image carrier onto a recording medium; a holding member that holds, on an outer circumferential surface of the transfer member, the recording medium fed to the transfer member; and a control unit that performs control so that in first image formation operation in which images of plural colors carried by the image carrier are sequentially transferred onto a single recording medium one color at a time, the holding member holds the recording medium on the transfer member, and in second image formation operation in which an image of a single color carried by the image carrier is transferred onto a single recording medium, the holding member does not hold, the recording medium on the transfer member.