摘要:
A method for treating a main surface of a wafer on which a thin film having micro openings is formed with a treatment agent includes the steps of: making the thin film hydrophilic, supplying water to the surface of the thin film, and supplying the treatment agent in vapor phase to the thin film while spinning the wafer. The rendered hydrophilic thin film causes the water supplied to the surface of the thin film to form a water film having a uniform thickness on the inner surface of the openings as well as on the surface of the thin film. A vapor phase treatment agent supplied dissolves in the water film so as to treat the main surface of the wafer at the bottom of the openings. Even if the wafer is spun at high speed, the treatment agent permeates through the water film into the openings so as to uniformly and efficiently treat the main surface of the wafer.
摘要:
A process is disclosed for the preparation of .alpha.-substituted carbonyl compounds, wherein .alpha.-substituted ketone is prepared by the following reaction: ##STR1## .alpha.-azo ester is prepared by the following reaction: ##STR2## and .alpha.-hydrozono ester is prepared by the following reaction: ##STR3## wherein the .alpha.-azo ester and .alpha.-hydrazono ester obtained by the above reactions include novel compounds, which are also disclosed.
摘要:
A new ethylene copolymer comprising: a repeating unit (A) represented by the formula:--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --;a repeating unit (B) represented by the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is defined as hereinbefore), and a repeating unit (C) represented by the formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are defined as hereinbefore), said repeating units (A), (B) and (C) being orientated in a random and straight chain arrangement, said repeating unit (B) content being 0 to 45 mol %, said repeating unit (C) content being 0.001 to 45 mol %, and said copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of at least 5,000.A process for producing said ethylene copolymer by using a catalyst containing a specific chromium compound.
摘要:
This invention provides an error detecting method, wherein upon decoding a data signal which is formed by such a manner that a data word D is formed of a predetermined number of bits of digital signals, a data block is formed of a predetermined number of the data words D which are successive on a recording or transmission medium, one error check code CRC is provided for a sequence within the data block and another error check code for another series which is different from said series within said data block is provided for a sequence of said data blocks all of erroneous data words detected by another error check code P are regarded as being erroneous. By this method, the erroneous data word can be positively detected.
摘要:
A PCM digital signal is provided with double-interleaving and error-correction encoding to protect against errors occurring during transmission, which can be carried out by magnetic recording and reproducing. The PCM signal is processed as error correcting blocks of several data word sequences and an associated error correction word sequence, and the double-interleaved sequences are then transmitted as transmission blocks. Up to one erroneous word in each error correction block can be corrected by using the error correction word sequence. Any uncorrectable word can be compensated by substituting a synthetic word interpolated from immediately preceding and following data words known to be correct. The distance between successive data words is made as great as possible so that a long burst error is unlikely to affect the ability to compensate uncorrectable errors. To achieve this, alternate words of the PCM signal are distributed to odd and even groups of sequences, and the interleaving is carried out by imparting different delay times to the respective sequences such that the greatest delay time imparted to the odd sequences is less than the shortest delay time imparted to the even sequences. The error correction word sequence is provided with a delay time intermediate the greatest delay time of the odd sequences and the shortest delay time of the even sequences.
摘要:
At least one channel of digitized information is recorded in a selected number of data tracks by a record medium. The digitized information is encoded, modulated and then recorded in a predetermined number of tracks. For example, if n channels of digitized information are to be recorded in m data tracks, then each channel is recorded in m/n data tracks (m.gtoreq.n). A control signal is generated to include control data representing at least one of the following: (a) the number of data tracks in which each channel of digitized information is recorded, (b) the encoding scheme used to encode the information, (c) the type of modulation used to modulate the encoded information and (d) the relative speed of movement of the record medium. The control signal is recorded in a separate control track. Thus, the control signal represents the particular format in which the digitized information is recorded.
摘要:
Digital data formed of binary bits of first and second values occupying consecutive bit cells of predetermined intervals are encoded such that successive binary bits of the first or second values are represented by predetermined separations between succeeding transitions. A first transition is produced at a first reference point in a bit cell when a binary bit of the second value changes over to a binary bit of the first value. When successive binary bits of the first value are sensed, a respective second transition is produced at a second reference point in a bit cell after sensing every 2 or 3 binary bits of the first value. When successive binary bits of the second value are sensed, a respective second transition is produced at the second reference point in a bit cell when at least two successive binary bits of the first value are followed by a binary bit of the second value and also after sensing every 3 or 4 successive binary bits of the second value, such that the last-mentioned second transition at the second reference point is separated from the closest first transition thereto by at least 1.5 bit cell intervals but no more than 4.5 bit cell intervals and successive ones of the second transitions are separated from each other by no more than 4 bit cell intervals.
摘要:
In a method and apparatus for editing digital signals, such as PCM-encoded audio signals, which are helically recorded on a magnetic tape in a Video Tape Recorder, first and second digital signals to be edited are reproduced in order to determine the respective edit points, and a predetermined interval of either one of the first and second digital signals is stored in a memory, with such predetermined interval including the respective edit point. During an editing operation, the digital signals from the memory are inserted between the first and second digital signals, and thereby the first and second digital signals can be recorded on an editing tape without discontinuities at the desired edit points.
摘要:
A batch process for making fish meal products, which does not pollute the environment, is described. All operations are conducted in equipment not open to the atmosphere and the liquids and gases produced are treated to remove odors. Fish is precooked in a cooker and the steam and vapors are conveyed to scrubbers where the foul-smelling gases are rendered innocuous. The pre-cooked fish meat in the cooker is pressed to removed press liquid which is treated to recover oil, fish meat and stickwater. The pressed fish meat in the cooker is then dried and removed as a product. The stickwater is evaporated under vacuum to recover dry water-soluble fish materials as a product and the overhead vapors are chemically treated to remove odors.