Abstract:
A process for the production of acetic acid by carbonylating methanol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in a carbonylation reactor containing a liquid reaction composition comprising an iridium carbonylation catalyst, methyl iodide co-catalyst, a finite concentration of water, acetic acid, methyl acetate, at least one promoter selected from ruthenium, osmium and rhenium and a stablising compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal iodides, alkaline earth metal iodides, metal complexes capable of generating I−, salts capable of generating I−, and mixtures of two or more thereof wherein the molar ratio of promoter to iridium is greater than 2:1, and the molar ratio of stabilising compound to iridium is in the range [greater than 0 to 5]:1.
Abstract:
A network-based application enables participants to “street-turn” or “road-turn” ocean containers amongst themselves with ease and minimal liability exposure. A database that includes both static and dynamic memory is provided for storing information relating to each container. By interfacing with this database, participants may search for specific criteria relating to a unique container that meets the desired loading specifications of the searching participant. When found, the searching participant may contact the current user of the container to arrange for transfer of the container to the searching participant. Thus, a virtual container pool is created wherein a container may be located anywhere and usage rights and liability of the container may be transferred between participants.
Abstract:
A media centering spindle assembly with a spindle body and a clutch drive assembly. The spindle body includes a centering mechanism such as a rack and pinion or centering slat. The centering mechanism is configured to center and retain a media roll, ribbon supply or the like along the spindle body and includes at least one spring tab. The spring tab is deflectable from an initial position to a second position below a surface of the spindle body to allow the mounting of the media roll or the like. The assembly may be further configured as rotatable about a longitudinal axis of the spindle body with the clutch drive assembly having a friction level adjustable by rotation of a clutch adjuster about the longitudinal axis of the spindle body.
Abstract:
A ball grid array package that can be readily tested before or after mounting to a printed circuit board. The ball grid array includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface. Several conductive pads are located on the top surface. Several passive circuit elements are located on the top surface between the conductive pads. An insulative coating is placed on top of the passive circuit elements and the substrate. The insulative coating has openings over the conductive pads. The openings are adapted to be accessible by an electrical probe. Conductive vias extend through the substrate between the top and bottom surfaces. The vias electrically connect with the conductive pad on the top surface. Several conductive balls are located on the bottom surface. Each conductive ball is electrically connected to one of the vias.
Abstract:
A process for the carbonylation of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl alcohol and/or a reactive derivative thereof by contacting a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl alcohol and/or a reactive derivative thereof with carbon monoxide in a liquid reaction composition in a carbonylation reactor in the presence of (a) a rhodium catalyst (b) an alkyl halide, and (c) as promoter, at least one of ruthenium and osmium.
Abstract:
The use of manganese at a molar ratio of manganese:rhodium of (0.2 to 20):1 to stabilize the rhodium catalyst during the rhodium catalyzed carbonylation of alkyl alcohols and/or recovery of carbonylation product therefrom at low partial pressure of carbon monoxide of less than or equal to 7 bar.
Abstract:
The invention provides a transducer comprising conductors and a laminate. The laminate comprises a film of a dielectric polymer material arranged between first and second electrodes. Each electrode is in electrically conductive communication with at least one of the conductors to facilitate an electrical potential between the electrodes and thereby enable deflection of the polymer material in response to an electrical field. At least one of the conductors is an elastically deformable conductor comprising a compliant core which is electrically conductive. The core is enclosed in a containment having elastomeric properties.
Abstract:
The invention provides a transducer comprising conductors and a laminate. The laminate comprises a film of a dielectric polymer material arranged between first and second electrodes. Each electrode is in electrically conductive communication with at least one of the conductors to facilitate an electrical potential between the electrodes and thereby enable deflection of the polymer material in response to an electrical field. At least one of the conductors is an elastically deformable conductor comprising a compliant core which is electrically conductive. The core is enclosed in a containment having elastomeric properties.
Abstract:
Process for the selective removal of Iridium carbonylation catalyst metal and/or at least one promoter selected from ruthenium, osmium and rhenium from a liquid composition comprising a carbonylation product, iridium carbonylation catalyst metal and/or the promoter metal, corrosion metals and optionally alkali or alkaline earth metals. The process is carried out by contacting the liquid composition with a chelating resin to remove at least a portion of the iridium carbonylation catalyst metal and/or at least one promoter metal contained in the liquid composition. The chelating resin contains at least one thiourea functional group. The process is suitable for treating process streams obtained in the production of carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic anhydrides.
Abstract:
A process for the selective removal of Group VIII carbonylation catalyst metals and/or promoter metals from liquid compositions comprising a carbonylation product, the Group VIII carbonylation catalyst metals and/or promoter metals, corrosion metals and optionally alkali or alkaline earth metals. The process comprises contacting the liquid composition with a chelating resin having thiourea functional groups. The process is suitable for treating process streams obtained in the production of carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic anhydrides.