Abstract:
The present invention relates to andrographolide and its derivatives of the general formula (I), as well as the stereoisomers and salts of andrographolide and the derivatives. Andrographolide and its derivatives represented by general formula (I) defined above are useful as TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) antagonists or inhibitors which have inhibitory effect on the binding of TNFα to TNF-RI. Andrographolide exhibited inhibitor activity with IC50 values 60 μM on L929 cell proliferation/cytotoxicity assay without cell cytotoxicity. In addition, in the animal model test of collagen-induced arthritis, andrographolide exhibited 50% paw edema. Andrographolide and its derivatives are promising sources with high TNFα-inhibiting or antagonizing activity.
Abstract:
A method is described for forming trench isolation for integrated circuits on silicon wafers by selectively doping the trench regions by ion implantation and then etching these areas with a wet chemical etch. A dopant such as boron, is implanted in a sequence of energies and doses to provide a desired trench profile of heavily doped silicon. The implanted silicon etches far more rapidly than the surrounding silicon and is readily etched out forming a trench. The concentration of dopant diminishes rapidly in the periphery of the implanted region. As the etch front approaches the periphery, the silicon etch rate, likewise diminishes and the etch can be quenched to leave a uniform surface layer of enhanced boron concentration which lines the resultant trench to form an effective channel stop. Wet etched trenches provide advantages over trenches formed by RIE including smooth rounded trench profiles which reduce stress. In addition, trenches having widths below 0.25 microns and essentially vertical walls can readily be formed.
Abstract:
A method for cleaning a semiconductor substrate. Introduced into a semiconductor substrate processing chamber is a semiconductor substrate. The semiconductor substrate and the semiconductor substrate processing chamber are maintained at a temperature not exceeding about 800 degrees centigrade. Introduced substantially simultaneously with the semiconductor substrate into the semiconductor substrate processing chamber is a low flow of a first oxidant gas. Introduced into the semiconductor substrate processing chamber immediately subsequent to the low flow of the first oxidant gas is a high flow of a second oxidant gas. Introduced into the semiconductor wafer processing chamber no earlier than the high flow of the second oxidant gas is a flow of a chlorine containing getter material. The semiconductor substrate is exposed to the high flow of the second oxidant gas and the flow of the chlorine containing getter material at a temperature not exceeding 800 degrees centigrade for a time period sufficient to remove organic contaminant residues and metal ion contaminant residues from the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides a method including providing a chamber having a first inlet and a second inlet. A solution of a de-ionized (DI) water and an acid (e.g., a dilute acid) is provided to the chamber via the first inlet. A carrier gas (e.g., N2) is provided to the chamber via the second inlet. The solution and the carrier gas are in the chamber and then from the chamber onto a single semiconductor wafer. In an embodiment, the solution includes a dilute HCl and DI water.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a method for treating arthritic disorders, skin inflammatory disorders and pain, comprising administering to a subject an extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees, and also provides a herbal composition used therefor that comprises the extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees.