公开(公告)号：US06473903B2

公开(公告)日：2002-10-29

申请号：US08774767

申请日：1996-12-30

Applicant: Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Prerana Vaidya

Inventor： Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Prerana Vaidya

IPC: H04N550

CPC classification number: H04N5/4401 ,  H04N5/445 ,  H04N7/16 ,  H04N21/23614 ,  H04N21/4348 ,  H04N21/44016 ,  H04N21/4725 ,  H04N21/812 ,  H04N21/8583

Abstract: A system for implementing an interactive broadcast program which includes a transmitter for transmitting a multiplexed data stream which includes a main program and a plurality of different commercials, and a receiver (e.g., a digital television receiver) configured to receive the multiplexed data stream. The receiver includes a display device (e.g., a television monitor) and, facilities responsive to a user action for causing the display device to display a selected one of the plurality of different commercials during a commercial interruption in the main program. Also disclosed is a system for implementing an interactive broadcast program which includes a transmitter for transmitting a multiplexed data stream which includes an interactive main program comprised of a plurality of main program segments including at least a first main program segment and a plurality of different second main program segments, and a receiver. The receiver (e.g., an analog television receiver equipped with a digital set-top box) includes a display device (e.g., a CRT), and facilities responsive to a user action for causing the display device to branch to a selected one of the plurality of different second main program segments at a branching point of the first main program segment.

Abstract translation: 一种用于实现交互式广播节目的系统，包括用于发送包括主节目和多个不同广告的多路复用数据流的发射机，以及被配置为接收复用数据流的接收机（例如，数字电视接收机）。 接收机包括显示设备（例如，电视监视器）以及响应于用户操作的设备，用于使得显示设备在主程序的商业中断期间显示多个不同广告中的所选择的一个。 还公开了一种用于实现交互式广播节目的系统，该系统包括用于发送多路复用数据流的发射机，该发射机包括由包括至少第一主节目片段和多个不同第二主节目的多个主节目片段组成的交互式主节目 程序段和接收器。 接收器（例如，配备有数字机顶盒的模拟电视接收机）包括显示装置（例如，CRT）以及响应于用户动作的设备，使得显示设备分支到多个选定的一个 在第一主程序段的分支点处的不同的第二主程序段。

公开(公告)号：US5982436A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-09

申请号：US829124

申请日：1997-03-28

Applicant: Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Cedric Caron

Inventor： Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Cedric Caron

IPC: H04N7/26 ,  H04N7/46 ,  H04N7/50 ,  H04N21/234 ,  H04N21/2365 ,  H04N21/434 ,  H04N21/44 ,  H04N7/32

CPC classification number: H04N21/23406 ,  H04N19/114 ,  H04N19/115 ,  H04N19/117 ,  H04N19/124 ,  H04N19/142 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/159 ,  H04N19/172 ,  H04N19/177 ,  H04N19/40 ,  H04N19/577 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/2365 ,  H04N21/4347 ,  H04N21/44004 ,  H04N21/44016

Abstract: A method of achieving seamless switching of digitally compressed signals. The method includes the steps of identifying the point in a video signal where splicing to a second video signal is desired, and thereafter, maintaining adherence to certain parameters in the encoder buffer to ensure that the input signal is not being compressed at a rate that causes either underflow or overflow in the encoder buffer. The method also includes the steps of constraining the upper bound of the encoder buffer to ensure that data is not being outputted from the encoder buffer to the decoder buffer too slowly so as to cause an underflow of data in the decoder buffer. The method may also include the steps of constraining the lower bound of the encoder buffer to ensure that data is not being outputted from the encoder buffer to the decoder buffer too quickly so as to cause an overflow of data in the decoder buffer.

Abstract translation: 实现数字压缩信号的无缝切换的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：识别在期望与第二视频信号进行拼接的视频信号中的点，之后，维持对编码器缓冲器中的某些参数的遵守，以确保输入信号没有以导致的速率被压缩 在编码器缓冲区中下溢或溢出。 该方法还包括限制编码器缓冲器的上限以确保数据没有被缓慢地从编码器缓冲器输出到解码器缓冲器的步骤，从而导致解码器缓冲器中的数据下溢。 该方法还可以包括以下步骤：限制编码器缓冲器的下限，以确保数据不会被快速地从编码器缓冲器输出到解码器缓冲器，从而导致解码器缓冲器中的数据溢出。

公开(公告)号：US5566208A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-15

申请号：US214910

申请日：1994-03-17

Applicant: Mahesh Balakrishnan

Inventor： Mahesh Balakrishnan

IPC: H03M7/30 ,  H04N7/24 ,  H04N7/60 ,  H04N19/00 ,  H04N21/234 ,  H04N21/236 ,  H04N21/24 ,  H04B1/66

CPC classification number: H04N21/23608 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N21/23406 ,  H04N21/2402 ,  H04N19/50

Abstract: The effective (or logical) size of the encoder buffer in a video transmission system is varied with the transmission bit-rate. Also, a minimum fill level is maintained in the encoder buffer whenever the transmission rate is too high to assure otherwise that the decoder buffer will not overflow or underflow. The encoding rate is varied so as to maintain a fill level in the encoder buffer within limits. In the preferred embodiment, the logical encoder buffer has a size which is maintained at R.DELTA.T(1-m.sub.1)-M, where R is the average transmission bit-rate, which may vary, .DELTA.T is the fixed delay between the encoding and decoding processes for a transmitted video signal, R(1-m.sub.m) is the minimum instantaneous transmission rate that the communication system achieves at average rate R, and M is the maximum total buffer storage in the communication system. When the decoder buffer has a size less than R.DELTA.T(1+m.sub.2), where R(1+m.sub.2) is the maximum instantaneous transmission rate at average rate R, the encoder buffer fill level is maintained above a minimum level that is equal to the amount by which the decoder buffer is less than R.DELTA.T(1+m.sub.2).

Abstract translation: 视频传输系统中的编码器缓冲器的有效（或逻辑）尺寸随传输比特率而变化。 而且，每当传输速率太高而不能确保解码器缓冲区不会溢出或下溢时，在编码器缓冲器中保持最小填充级别。 改变编码速率以便将编码器缓冲器中的填充水平保持在限度内。 在优选实施例中，逻辑编码器缓冲器具有维持在R DELTA T（1-m1）-M的大小，其中R是平均传输比特率，其可以变化，DELTA T是编码之间的固定延迟 并且发送视频信号的解码处理R（1-mm）是通信系统以平均速率R实现的最小瞬时传输速率，M是通信系统中的最大总缓冲器存储。 当解码器缓冲器的尺寸小于R DELTA T（1 + m2）时，其中R（1 + m2）是平均速率R时的最大瞬时传输速率，编码器缓冲器的填充电平保持在等于 到解码器缓冲器小于R DELTA T（1 + m2）的量。

公开(公告)号：US09110724B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-18

申请号：US13022635

申请日：2011-02-08

Applicant: Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Marcos K. Aguilera ,  Birjodh Tiwana ,  Hitesh Ballani

Inventor： Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Marcos K. Aguilera ,  Birjodh Tiwana ,  Hitesh Ballani

IPC: G06F15/173 ,  G06F9/50 ,  G06F11/20

CPC classification number: G06F9/505 ,  G06F11/2094

Abstract: A cloud statistics server generates statistics for a cloud service based on an identified data item and an identified operation. The cloud service may include various computing nodes and storage nodes. The cloud statistics may include expected completion times for the identified operation and the identified data item with respect to each of the computing nodes. A computing node may be selected to execute the identified operation based on the expected completion times. The generated statistics may be generated by the cloud statistics server using a network topology associated with the data item that is based on the latencies or expected transfer times between the various storage nodes and computing nodes, and a replication strategy used by the cloud service. The topology may be implemented as a directed graph with edge weights corresponding to expected transfer times between each node.

Abstract translation: 云统计服务器根据识别的数据项和识别的操作生成云服务的统计信息。 云服务可以包括各种计算节点和存储节点。 云统计可以包括针对每个计算节点的所识别的操作和所识别的数据项的预期完成时间。 可以选择计算节点以基于预期的完成时间来执行所识别的操作。 所生成的统计信息可以由云统计服务器使用与数据项关联的网络拓扑生成，该网络拓扑基于各种存储节点和计算节点之间的延迟或预期传送时间，以及由云服务使用的复制策略。 拓扑可以被实现为具有对应于每个节点之间的预期传送时间的边权重的有向图。

公开(公告)号：US08701155B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-15

申请号：US12814493

申请日：2010-06-14

Applicant: Patrick Stuedi ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Iqbal Mohomed ,  Venugopalan Ramasubramanian ,  Zhuoqing Morley Mao ,  Edward P. Wobber

Inventor： Patrick Stuedi ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Iqbal Mohomed ,  Venugopalan Ramasubramanian ,  Zhuoqing Morley Mao ,  Edward P. Wobber

IPC: G06F17/00

CPC classification number: H04L9/0825 ,  G06F17/30017 ,  G06F17/30165 ,  H04L51/12

Abstract: A cloud infrastructure that communicates with computing devices is provided. The computing devices install filters on other computing devices that they wish to receive items from including pictures, messages, and documents. The filters include criteria that are evaluated on the computing devices, rather than at a server, to determine if an item may be sent to another computing device. The computing devices may then send items that match the criteria to the cloud infrastructure, and the items may be stored and queued for delivery to other computing devices. The items may be encrypted before being provided to the cloud infrastructure, and decrypted when received by the computing devices.

Abstract translation: 提供与计算设备通信的云基础设施。 计算设备在他们希望从包括图片，消息和文档接收项目的其他计算设备上安装过滤器。 过滤器包括在计算设备上而不是在服务器上评估的标准，以确定物品是否可以发送到另一个计算设备。 然后，计算设备可以将符合标准的项目发送到云基础架构，并且可以将项目存储和排队，以便传送到其他计算设备。 项目可以在被提供给云基础设施之前被加密，并且在被计算设备接收时被解密。

公开(公告)号：US08407403B2

公开(公告)日：2013-03-26

申请号：US12631875

申请日：2009-12-07

Applicant: Vijayan Prabhakaran ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Gokul Soundararajan

Inventor： Vijayan Prabhakaran ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Gokul Soundararajan

IPC: G06F12/00

CPC classification number: G06F12/0888 ,  G06F12/0804 ,  G06F12/0866 ,  G06F2212/1036 ,  G06F2212/224

Abstract: A hybrid storage device uses a write cache such as a hard disk drive, for example, to cache data to a solid state drive (SSD). Data is logged sequentially to the write cache and later migrated to the SSD. The SSD is a primary storage that stores data permanently. The write cache is a persistent durable cache that may store data of disk write operations temporarily in a log structured fashion. A migration policy may be used to determine how long to cache the data in the write cache before migrating the data to the SDD. The migration policy may be implemented using one or more migration triggers that cause the contents of the write cache to be flushed to the SSD. Migration triggers may include a timeout trigger, a read threshold trigger, and a migration size trigger, for example.

Abstract translation: 混合存储设备例如使用诸如硬盘驱动器的写入高速缓存来将数据高速缓存到固态驱动器（SSD）。 数据将顺序记录到写入高速缓存中，并随后迁移到SSD。 SSD是永久存储数据的主存储。 写缓存是持久耐用高速缓存，可以以日志结构化方式临时存储磁盘写入操作的数据。 可以使用迁移策略来确定在将数据迁移到SDD之前在写缓存中缓存数据的时间。 可以使用一个或多个迁移触发器来实现迁移策略，这些触发器使得写入高速缓存的内容被刷新到SSD。 例如，迁移触发器可能包括超时触发器，读取阈值触发器和迁移大小触发器。

公开(公告)号：US20120304051A1

公开(公告)日：2012-11-29

申请号：US13245352

申请日：2011-09-26

Applicant: Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Madhu Rajamani

Inventor： Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Madhu Rajamani

IPC: G06F17/00

CPC classification number: G06F17/217

Abstract: A method and system for permitting automated pagination process in E-Publishing process, mainly on XML documents. The system facilitates XPATH based control for applying paragraph and character styles. Further, the system allows automatic layout of changes based on style specifications. Auto master page recognition feature of the system assures consistency in the page design. The system also facilitates auto placement of figures and tables according to a cited reference. The system is capable of auto generation and placement of boxes, side notes, footnotes and marginal notes in the document. Further, the system allows conversion of source XML to other formats such as NIMAS XML, EPub, and Word etc. Further, the file conversion has two stages namely Forward and Reverse process. During forward process, XML file is converted into InDesign document and in Reverse process, InDesign document is converted back to XML file.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在电子出版过程中允许自动分页过程的方法和系统，主要是XML文档。 该系统便于基于XPATH的控制来应用段落和字符样式。 此外，系统允许根据样式规格自动布置更改。 系统的自动母版识别功能保证了页面设计的一致性。 该系统还有助于根据引用的参考文献自动放置图形和表格。 该系统能够在文档中自动生成和放置盒子，附注，脚注和边缘笔记。 此外，系统允许将源XML转换为其他格式，如NIMAS XML，EPub和Word等。此外，文件转换有两个阶段，即正向和反向过程。 在转发过程中，将XML文件转换为InDesign文档，并在反向过程中，将InDesign文档转换回XML文件。

公开(公告)号：US20110138106A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-09

申请号：US12631875

申请日：2009-12-07

Applicant: Vijayan Prabhakaran ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Gokul Soundararajan

Inventor： Vijayan Prabhakaran ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Gokul Soundararajan

IPC: G06F12/00 ,  G06F12/08 ,  G06F12/02

CPC classification number: G06F12/0888 ,  G06F12/0804 ,  G06F12/0866 ,  G06F2212/1036 ,  G06F2212/224

Abstract: A hybrid storage device uses a write cache such as a hard disk drive, for example, to cache data to a solid state drive (SSD). Data is logged sequentially to the write cache and later migrated to the SSD. The SSD is a primary storage that stores data permanently. The write cache is a persistent durable cache that may store data of disk write operations temporarily in a log structured fashion. A migration policy may be used to determine how long to cache the data in the write cache before migrating the data to the SDD. The migration policy may be implemented using one or more migration triggers that cause the contents of the write cache to be flushed to the SSD. Migration triggers may include a timeout trigger, a read threshold trigger, and a migration size trigger, for example.

Abstract translation: 混合存储设备例如使用诸如硬盘驱动器的写入高速缓存来将数据高速缓存到固态驱动器（SSD）。 数据将顺序记录到写入高速缓存中，并随后迁移到SSD。 SSD是永久存储数据的主存储。 写缓存是持久耐用高速缓存，可以以日志结构化方式临时存储磁盘写入操作的数据。 可以使用迁移策略来确定在将数据迁移到SDD之前在写缓存中缓存数据的时间。 可以使用一个或多个迁移触发器来实现迁移策略，这些触发器使得写入高速缓存的内容被刷新到SSD。 例如，迁移触发器可能包括超时触发器，读取阈值触发器和迁移大小触发器。

公开(公告)号：US06806909B1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-19

申请号：US09033730

申请日：1998-03-03

Applicant: Hayder Radha ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Kavitha Parthasarathy

Inventor： Hayder Radha ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan ,  Kavitha Parthasarathy

IPC: H04N712

CPC classification number: H04N21/233 ,  H04N21/23424 ,  H04N21/23608 ,  H04N21/242 ,  H04N21/44016 ,  H04N21/8455

Abstract: Respective encoders provide a first and second encoded MPEG-2 data streams for a first and second program respectively. Each stream includes at least video and audio components. The encoder provides seamless video splice-in and splice-out points. A play-to-air splicer is commanded to switch the broadcast output from the first input stream to the second input streams. The splicer identifies approximately aligned seamless video splice-in and seamless video splice-out points in the respective first and second video streams. The splicer splices the second video stream to the first video stream, but continues to broadcast the first audio stream. The splicer identifies corresponding audio splice-in and splice-out points. The splicer splices the second audio component to the first audio component. The splicer adjusts the decode and presentation times in the second stream after the respective slice-in to be consistent with such times in the first program. A decoder converts the compressed video and audio components output from the splicer into uncompressed form.

公开(公告)号：US20110295969A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-01

申请号：US12786447

申请日：2010-05-25

Applicant: Philip A. Bernstein ,  Dahlia Malkhi ,  Colin Wilson Reid ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan

Inventor： Philip A. Bernstein ,  Dahlia Malkhi ,  Colin Wilson Reid ,  Mahesh Balakrishnan

IPC: G06F15/16

CPC classification number: G06F11/1471 ,  G06F11/2094 ,  G06F2201/82

Abstract: Computers are provided with a totally ordered, durable shared log. Shared storage is used and can be directly accessed by the computers over a network. Append-log operations are made atomic in the face of failures by committing provisional append ordering information onto a log. The log may comprise multiple flash packages or non-volatile memory devices, referred to as segments, although any shared storage device(s) may be used. Each log record is a multi-page stripe, where each page of a stripe is written to a different segment. Fault-tolerant protocol variants append stripes to the log, such that stripes are totally ordered in the log and each stripe is written atomically.

Abstract translation: 计算机提供了一个完全有序，耐用的共享日志。 共享存储被使用，可以由网络上的计算机直接访问。 通过将临时附加订单信息提交到日志，Append-log操作在面临故障时被做成原子。 尽管可以使用任何共享的存储设备，该日志可以包括被称为段的多个闪存包或非易失性存储设备。 每个日志记录是一个多页条带，其中每个条带的页面被写入不同的段。 容错协议变体将条纹附加到日志，使得条纹在日志中完全排序，每个条带是原子写入的。