公开(公告)号：US20150022160A1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-22

申请号：US13946577

申请日：2013-07-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H02J7/00

CPC classification number: H02J7/0091 ,  H01M10/425 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2010/4271 ,  H02J7/0077

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that manages use of a battery in a portable electronic device. During operation, the system obtains a voltage of the battery and a state-of-charge of the battery. Next, the system calculates an effective C-rate of the battery using the voltage and the state-of-charge. Finally, the system uses the effective C-rate to manage a charging process for the battery.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供一种管理便携式电子设备中的电池的使用的系统。 在操作期间，系统获得电池的电压和电池的充电状态。 接下来，系统使用电压和充电状态来计算电池的有效C率。 最后，系统使用有效的C速率来管理电池的充电过程。

公开(公告)号：US20140253040A1

公开(公告)日：2014-09-11

申请号：US13872918

申请日：2013-04-29

Applicant: APPLE INC.

Inventor： Steven C. Michalske ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H02J7/00

CPC classification number: H02J7/0014

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that manages use of a battery pack in a portable electronic device. During operation, the system detects a characteristic of a battery bank in the battery pack that is associated with a gradual imbalance in the battery pack. Next, the system manages use of the battery pack based on the characteristic to prevent the gradual imbalance in the battery pack.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供一种管理便携式电子设备中的电池组的使用的系统。 在操作期间，系统检测与电池组中的逐渐不平衡相关联的电池组中的电池组的特性。 接下来，系统基于特性管理电池组的使用，以防止电池组中的逐渐不平衡。

公开(公告)号：US10401435B2

公开(公告)日：2019-09-03

申请号：US15336398

申请日：2016-10-27

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller

IPC: G01R31/3842 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H01M10/48 ,  G01R31/367 ,  G01R31/3828

Abstract: A system for tracking the capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device is described. While the portable electronic device remains plugged in to a power adapter, the system estimates the capacity of the battery by performing the following operations. The system measures a first open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at a first state of charge. Next, the system causes the battery to transition to a second state of charge. While the battery transitions to the second state of charge, the system integrates a current through the battery to determine a net change in charge for the battery. Next, the system measures a second open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge. Finally, the system estimates a capacity for the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage, the second open-circuit voltage and the net change in charge. This capacity measurement is repeated and the multiple results are fit to a line. The slope of fitted line is then used to estimate how the true battery capacity has faded since last measured using traditional methods that require the battery to be rested at a low state of charge.

公开(公告)号：US09722283B2

公开(公告)日：2017-08-01

申请号：US14184167

申请日：2014-02-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Nils E. Mattisson ,  Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H02J7/00 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M10/42 ,  G01R31/36

CPC classification number: H01M10/48 ,  G01R31/361 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  G01R31/3675 ,  H01M2010/4271 ,  H01M2220/30

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that manages use of a battery in a portable electronic device. During operation, the system obtains a voltage of the battery and a state-of-charge of the battery and calculates an effective C-rate of the battery using the voltage and the state-of-charge. Next, the system uses the effective C-rate to estimate an inaccessible capacity of the battery. Finally, the system manages use of the battery with the portable electronic device based on the inaccessible capacity.

公开(公告)号：US20150369868A1

公开(公告)日：2015-12-24

申请号：US14841095

申请日：2015-08-31

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Nils E. Mattisson ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: G01R31/36

CPC classification number: G01R31/362 ,  G01R31/3634 ,  G01R31/3648 ,  G01R31/3651 ,  G01R31/3679 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/4285 ,  H01M10/48

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that estimates a state of charge for a battery. During operation, while the battery is relaxing toward a fully rested state, the system determines if a modified state of charge of the battery is substantially consistent with a predetermined decay pattern. If so, the system estimates the state of charge of the battery as a value of the modified state of charge determined at the time when the consistency is observed. Otherwise, the system continues monitoring the modified state of charge of the battery. In one embodiment, the predetermined decay pattern is a single exponential decay. After estimating the state of charge of the battery, the system may determine an uncertainty of the estimated state of charge. More specifically, the system can estimate the uncertainty as substantially equal to a fraction of the difference between the value of the modified state of charge and the value of the voltage-based state of charge at the time when the consistency is observed.

Abstract translation: 本发明的一些实施例提供一种估计电池的充电状态的系统。 在操作期间，当电池正在朝着完全静止状态放松时，系统确定电池的修改的充电状态是否与预定的衰减模式大致一致。 如果是这样，系统将电池的充电状态估计为在观察到一致性时确定的充电状态的值。 否则，系统继续监视电池的修改充电状态。 在一个实施例中，预定衰减模式是单指数衰减。 在估计电池的充电状态之后，系统可以确定估计的充电状态的不确定性。 更具体地，系统可以将不确定度估计为基本上等于修正充电状态的值与观察到一致性时的基于电压的充电状态的值之间的差的一小部分。

公开(公告)号：US20150207345A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-23

申请号：US14161275

申请日：2014-01-22

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H02J7/00

CPC classification number: H02J7/0016

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that balances voltages between battery banks. This system includes a plurality of asymmetric battery banks having differing capacities electrically connected to each other through a series connection. The system also includes a charging circuit configured to charge the plurality of asymmetric battery banks through the series connection. To balance voltages between the battery banks, the system includes a balancing mechanism comprising switching circuitry and an additional switching bank. This balancing mechanism equalizes voltages among the plurality of asymmetric battery banks by using the switching bank to transfer charge among the plurality of asymmetric battery banks during operation of the system, including during charging, discharging, and/or resting.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供了平衡电池组之间的电压的系统。 该系统包括具有通过串联连接彼此电连接的不同容量的多个不对称电池组。 该系统还包括充电电路，其被配置为通过串联连接对多个不对称电池组充电。 为了平衡电池组之间的电压，系统包括包括开关电路和附加开关组的平衡机构。 这种平衡机构通过使用开关组来在系统运行期间（包括在充电，放电和/或休止）期间在多个不对称电池组之间转移电荷，来均衡多个不对称电池组之间的电压。

公开(公告)号：US20150200056A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-16

申请号：US14476250

申请日：2014-09-03

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Jeffrey G. Koller ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar

IPC: H01G4/30 ,  H02M3/04

CPC classification number: H01G4/30 ,  G05F1/10 ,  H01G4/012 ,  H01G4/12 ,  H01G4/35 ,  H01G4/38 ,  H01G4/40 ,  H02M1/12 ,  H02M3/04

Abstract: A device is presented for decoupling voltage transients occurring on a voltage signal generated by a voltage regulator. The device may decouple the voltage transients from circuits coupled to the voltage regulator. The device may include two capacitors that may be contained in a single package. The two capacitors may be coupled to the voltage signal from the voltage regulator such that one capacitor is also coupled to a ground reference and the other capacitor is also coupled to a supply voltage. The capacitors may be constructed in a multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) process. The materials that form the MLCC may be arranged such that the MLCC package does not change shape or vibrate in response to voltage level fluctuations on the voltage signal.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种用于去耦合由电压调节器产生的电压信号上发生的电压瞬变的器件。 器件可以将电压瞬变与耦合到电压调节器的电路分离。 该装置可以包括可以包含在单个封装中的两个电容器。 两个电容器可以耦合到来自电压调节器的电压信号，使得一个电容器也耦合到接地基准，而另一个电容器也耦合到电源电压。 电容器可以由多层陶瓷电容器（MLCC）制造。 形成MLCC的材料可以被布置成使得MLCC封装不响应于电压信号上的电压电平波动而改变形状或振动。

公开(公告)号：US09071071B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-30

申请号：US14202918

申请日：2014-03-10

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  William C. Athas

IPC: H02J7/00 ,  G01P3/56 ,  G01P15/00 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2/00

CPC classification number: H02J7/007 ,  G01P3/56 ,  G01P15/00 ,  H01M2/00 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/443 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2300/00 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H02J7/0042 ,  H02J7/0052 ,  H02J7/0072 ,  Y02E60/122 ,  Y02T10/7011

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that adaptively charges a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery which includes a transport-limiting electrode governed by diffusion, an electrolyte separator and a non-transport-limiting electrode. During operation, the system determines a lithium surface concentration at an interface between the transport-limiting electrode and the electrolyte separator based on a diffusion time for lithium in the transport-limiting electrode. Next, the system calculates a charging current or a charging voltage for the battery based on the determined lithium surface concentration. Finally, the system applies the charging current or the charging voltage to the battery.

Abstract translation: 本发明的一些实施例提供一种对电池进行自适应充电的系统，其中电池是锂离子电池，其包括由扩散控制的传输限制电极，电解质分离器和非传输限制电极。 在操作期间，系统基于传输限制电极中的锂的扩散时间来确定传输限制电极和电解质隔板之间的界面处的锂表面浓度。 接下来，系统基于所确定的锂表面浓度来计算电池的充电电流或充电电压。 最后，系统将充电电流或充电电压施加到电池。

公开(公告)号：US20150137860A1

公开(公告)日：2015-05-21

申请号：US14547705

申请日：2014-11-19

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  William C. Athas ,  Jeffrey G. Koller ,  Derek G. Pyne

IPC: H03K3/012 ,  H03K17/687 ,  H02M1/08

CPC classification number: H03K17/687 ,  H02M1/08 ,  H02M3/158 ,  H02M2001/0054 ,  Y02B70/1425 ,  Y02B70/1491

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a circuit for driving a capacitive load. The circuit includes a first inductor with an input terminal and a load terminal, wherein the load terminal is coupled to the capacitive load. The circuit also includes four or more switching devices. The switching devices may hold a voltage on the load terminal at zero volts. Next, the switching devices may charge the capacitive load through the first inductor until the voltage on the load terminal reaches a first input voltage supplied by a voltage source. The switching devices may then hold the voltage on the load terminal at the first input voltage. Finally, the switching devices may discharge the capacitive load through the first inductor until the voltage on the load terminal reaches zero volts.

Abstract translation: 所公开的实施例提供用于驱动电容性负载的电路。 电路包括具有输入端子和负载端子的第一电感器，其中负载端子耦合到电容性负载。 该电路还包括四个或更多个开关装置。 开关器件可以在负载端子上保持零伏特的电压。 接下来，开关器件可以通过第一电感器对容性负载充电，直到负载端子上的电压达到由电压源提供的第一输入电压。 然后，开关器件可以将负载端子上的电压保持在第一输入电压。 最后，开关器件可以通过第一电感放电容性负载，直到负载端子上的电压达到零伏。

公开(公告)号：US20140197805A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US14202918

申请日：2014-03-10

Applicant: Apple Inc.

Inventor： Thomas C. Greening ,  P. Jeffrey Ungar ,  William C. Athas

IPC: H02J7/00

CPC classification number: H02J7/007 ,  G01P3/56 ,  G01P15/00 ,  H01M2/00 ,  H01M10/0525 ,  H01M10/44 ,  H01M10/443 ,  H01M10/48 ,  H01M2300/00 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H02J7/0042 ,  H02J7/0052 ,  H02J7/0072 ,  Y02E60/122 ,  Y02T10/7011

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide a system that adaptively charges a battery, wherein the battery is a lithium-ion battery which includes a transport-limiting electrode governed by diffusion, an electrolyte separator and a non-transport-limiting electrode. During operation, the system determines a lithium surface concentration at an interface between the transport-limiting electrode and the electrolyte separator based on a diffusion time for lithium in the transport-limiting electrode. Next, the system calculates a charging current or a charging voltage for the battery based on the determined lithium surface concentration. Finally, the system applies the charging current or the charging voltage to the battery.

Abstract translation: 本发明的一些实施例提供一种对电池进行自适应充电的系统，其中电池是锂离子电池，其包括由扩散控制的传输限制电极，电解质分离器和非传输限制电极。 在操作期间，系统基于传输限制电极中的锂的扩散时间来确定传输限制电极和电解质隔板之间的界面处的锂表面浓度。 接下来，系统基于所确定的锂表面浓度计算电池的充电电流或充电电压。 最后，系统将充电电流或充电电压施加到电池。