Abstract:
A process for making a ceramic catalyst material includes mixing a catalyst precursor material with a mineral particulate to form a mixture; adding a binder, silicon carbide, and a parting agent to the mixture to form unfired spheroids; and heating the unfired spheroids at a temperature effective to oxidize the silicon carbide and the catalyst precursor material to form the ceramic catalyst material. In another embodiment, the process includes the addition of a catalyst metal oxide salt to an aluminosilicate hydrogel aggregate mixture. Once the mixture sets, the set mixture is heated to a temperature to effective to produce a high surface area ceramic catalyst material.
Abstract:
Apparatus for seawater acidification including an ion exchange, cathode and anode electrode compartments and cation-permeable membranes that separate the electrode compartments from the ion exchange compartment. Means is provided for feeding seawater through the ion exchange compartment and for feeding a dissociable liquid media through the anode and cathode electrode compartments. A cathode is located in the cathode electrode compartment and an anode is located in the anode electrode compartment and a means for application of current to the cathode and anode is provided. A method for the acidification of seawater by subjecting the seawater to an ion exchange reaction to exchange H+ ions for Na+ ions. Carbon dioxide may be extracted from the acidified seawater. Optionally, the ion exchange reaction can be conducted under conditions which produce hydrogen as well as carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen may be used to produce hydrocarbons.
Abstract:
An electrolytic process for generating chlorine dioxide. An aqueous feed stream of an alkali metal chlorite solution is treated with chlorine gas or a mixture of hydrogen chloride and hypochlorous acid formed in an anode compartment from, an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution and subsequently electrolyzed to form a chlorine dioxide effluent.
Abstract:
A catalyst composite includes an agglomerate of a plurality of catalyst composite components and a binder. The catalyst composites may be useful as a catalyst in a variety of chemical processes including hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, reduction, alkylation, dealkylation, carbonylation, decarbonylation, coupling, isomerization, amination, deamination, or hydrodehalogenation.
Abstract:
Processes for generating chlorine dioxide generally include acidifying an alkali metal chlorite solution; and contacting the acidified alkali metal chlorite solution with a solid phase chlorine containing material to produce chlorine dioxide. An exemplary system for generating chlorine dioxide generally includes a water source in fluid communication with a conduit that is fluidly connected to a vessel, wherein the vessel comprises a housing, an inlet in fluid communication with the housing and the conduit, an outlet, and a solid phase chlorine containing material disposed within the housing; an acid source downstream from the water source in fluid communication with the conduit; and a chlorite ion source in fluid communication with the conduit downstream from the acid source. Various means are provided for the acid source.
Abstract:
Electrodeionization apparatus and method. The electrodeionization apparatus includes an ion-depleting compartment in which alternating layers of an electroactive media are positioned. One of the alternating layers is doped to provide a more balanced current distribution through the apparatus. The method involves providing reducing the difference in conductivity between the alternating layers positioned in the ion-depleting compartment by adding a dopant material to one of the layers.
Abstract:
Electrodeionization apparatus and method. The electrodeionization apparatus includes an ion-depleting compartment in which alternating layers of an electroactive media are positioned. One of the alternating layers is doped to provide a more balanced current distribution through the apparatus. The method involves reducing the difference in conductivity between the alternating layers positioned in the ion-depleting compartment by adding a dopant material to one of the layers.
Abstract:
Apparatus for seawater acidification including an ion exchange, cathode and anode electrode compartments and cation-permeable membranes that separate the electrode compartments from the ion exchange compartment. Means is provided for feeding seawater through the ion exchange compartment and for feeding a dissociable liquid media through the anode and cathode electrode compartments. A cathode is located in the cathode electrode compartment and an anode is located in the anode electrode compartment and a means for application of current to the cathode and anode is provided. A method for the acidification of seawater by subjecting the seawater to an ion exchange reaction to exchange H+ ions for Na+ ions. Carbon dioxide may be extracted from the acidified seawater. Optionally, the ion exchange reaction can be conducted under conditions which produce hydrogen as well as carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen may be used to produce hydrocarbons.
Abstract:
A method for recovering carbon dioxide from acidified seawater using a membrane contactor and passing seawater with a pH less than or equal to 6 over the outside of a hollow fiber membrane tube while applying vacuum or a hydrogen sweep gas to the inside of the hollow fiber membrane tube, wherein up to 92% of the re-equilibrated [CO2]T is removed from the natural seawater.
Abstract:
The invention is directed to an apparatus and methods of its use to generate chlorine dioxide. The apparatus comprises three cation exchange resin chambers in fluidic communication to convert chlorite salt into chlorine dioxide. Unlike previous converters, the invention utilizes an novel method of acidifying some of the chlorite to produce a more effective process. The invention can achieve a 100% theoretical yield which is s significant improvement over the 80% theoretical yield in previous attempts using non-acidifying chemistry. The method also avoids the need for expensive catalysts.