摘要:
An apparatus comprises: (i) a lean burn internal combustion engine; (ii) an exhaust system for treating a flowing exhaust gas from the engine, which system comprising: (a) a first substrate monolith comprising a NOx adsorber catalyst (NAC); and (b) a catalysed soot filter (CSF) comprising a filter substrate; and (iii) means for enriching the exhaust gas to provide an enriched exhaust gas composition intermittently during normal lean running operation for removing sulfate adsorbed on the NAC, wherein the exhaust system comprises: (c) a compound located downstream of at least some of the NAC, which compound is effective to remove and/or convert at least some hydrogen sulfide in enriched exhaust gas derived from removing sulfate adsorbed on the NAC.
摘要:
A method of decomposing nitrogen dioxide to nitrogen monoxide in an exhaust gas of a lean-burn internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, comprises adjusting the C1 hydrocarbon:nitrogen oxides (C1 HC:NOx) ratio of the exhaust gas to from 0.1 to 2 and contacting this exhaust gas mixture with a particulate acidic refractory oxide selected from the group consisting of zeolites, tungsten-doped titania, silica-titania, zirconia-titania, gamma-alumina, amorphous silica-alumina and mixtures of any two or more thereof and passing the effluent gas to atmosphere.
摘要:
A system for converting particulate matter in exhaust gases, which system comprises a stoichiometrically-operated engine and an exhaust system including a plasma generator for converting water vapor in the exhaust gases into an oxidant and a filter downstream of the plasma generator. A method for converting particulate matter (PM) in exhaust gases by using plasma-treated water vapor as an oxidant to convert PM trapped on a filter disposed in an exhaust system, and/or to oxidize NO and/or N2 to NO2, in which water vapor, PM, NO and N2 are present in the exhaust gases of a stoichiometrically-operated gasoline engine. The NO2 is then used to combust the PM. Experimentally, the conversion of a gaseous hydrocarbon using a plasma with and without water vapor present can be followed using mass spectrometry.
摘要:
The multi-functional hair drying net and turban towel for upright application may be used on its own or so combination with a hand held hair dryer. Useful for managing dry and wet hair, to absorb water from wet hair after washing, swimming, or anytime the hair is wet, thereby avoiding dripping of water on the face, neck, or clothes. Used over dry hair to keep hair off the face, back and neck when applying make-up and treatments to the face. When required to dry hair by electrical means the device can be connected to a commercially available hair dryer and used as a conduit to direct warm air into the net cavity and dry hair using electrical means. It can be used to keep hair dry and off the face and back in the bath, shower, Jacuzzi spa or steam bath.
摘要:
An exhaust system for a vehicular lean-burn internal combustion engine includes a NOx reduction catalyst, a source reductant, means (20) for contacting the catalyst with the reductant, means for sensing the temperature of the exhaust gas and/or the catalyst bed and means, when in use, for controlling reductant addition. The reductant addition control means supplies an amount of reductant to the catalyst at a rate corresponding to a measured temperature value of the exhaust gas and/or catalyst bed, which temperature value has been pre-determined to correlate, in use, with an amount of NOx in the exhaust gas.
摘要:
A method of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a flowing combustion exhaust gas to N2, which method comprising oxidising nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide on a transition metal/elite catalyst at catalyst bed temperatures below 50° C. and reducing NOx with the catalyst using an hydrocarbon (HC) reductant at catalyst bed temperatures below 150° C.
摘要:
A method of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a flowing combustion exhaust gas to N2, which method comprising oxidizing nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide on a transition metal/elite catalyst at catalyst bed temperatures below 50° C. and reducing NOx with the catalyst using an hydrocarbon (HC) reductant at catalyst bed temperatures below 150° C.