Process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid and
physiologically compatible salts thereof
    12.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid and physiologically compatible salts thereof 失效
    制备E-2-丙基-2-戊烯酸及其生理相容性盐的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4945180A

    公开(公告)日:1990-07-31

    申请号:US203291

    申请日:1988-06-02

    申请人: Helmut Schafer

    发明人: Helmut Schafer

    IPC分类号: C07C51/08 C07C51/377

    CPC分类号: C07C51/08 C07C51/377

    摘要: A novel process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid and its physiologically compatible salts is described, in which di-n-propyl-ketone-cyanohydrin is used as the starting compound. The compound is either(a) dehydrated with thionyl chloride and the acid nitrile formed is subsequently saponified with a stoichiometric excess of potassium hydroxide, or(b) is initially converted into 2-hydroxy-2-propyl-pentanoic acid and the latter is subsequently dehydrated in the presence of a less than stoichiometric quantity of a tertiary amine at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C.The free acid is optionally converted into the salt form, preferably using the corresponding salts of carbon dioxide in an aqueous acetone solution.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于制备E-2-丙基-2-戊烯酸及其生理上相容的盐的新方法,其中使用二正丙基 - 酮 - 氰醇作为起始化合物。 化合物(a)用亚硫酰氯脱水,随后用化学计量过量的氢氧化钾皂化所形成的酸性腈,或(b)最初转化为2-羟基-2-丙基 - 戊酸,后者随后 在少于化学计量的叔胺的存在下在至少200℃的温度下脱水。游离酸任选地转化为盐形式,优选使用相应的丙酮水溶液中的二氧化碳盐。

    Cylinder crankcase having a cylinder sleeve, and casting tool
    13.
    发明申请
    Cylinder crankcase having a cylinder sleeve, and casting tool 审中-公开
    气缸曲轴箱具有气缸套和铸造工具

    公开(公告)号:US20050061285A1

    公开(公告)日:2005-03-24

    申请号:US10494276

    申请日:2002-09-06

    CPC分类号: F02F1/004 B22D19/0009

    摘要: The invention relates to a cylinder crankcase made of an aluminum diecasting alloy with at least one cylinder bore which has at least one cylinder liner made of a hypereutectic aluminum/silicon alloy, in which in each case a piston is arranged so as to be axially movable, the piston comprising at least one piston ring, one piston skirt and one piston crown, the piston having, with respect to its movement relative to the piston ring, a top and a bottom dead center. The invention is characterized in that the cylinder liner ends at most 10 mm below the bottom dead center, and edge regions of the cylinder bore below the cylinder liner consist of the aluminum diecasting alloy.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种由具有至少一个气缸孔的铝压铸合金制成的气缸曲轴箱,其具有至少一个由过共晶铝/硅合金制成的气缸套,其中在每种情况下都将活塞布置成可轴向移动 所述活塞包括至少一个活塞环,一个活塞裙部和一个活塞顶盖,所述活塞相对于其相对于所述活塞环的运动具有顶部和底部死点。 本发明的特征在于,气缸套在下死点以下至多10毫米处终止,气缸套下方的气缸孔的边缘区域由铝压铸合金构成。

    Clutch control system and method
    14.
    发明授权
    Clutch control system and method 有权
    离合器控制系统及方法

    公开(公告)号:US06729459B2

    公开(公告)日:2004-05-04

    申请号:US10233139

    申请日:2002-08-29

    IPC分类号: B16K1728

    摘要: A PTO clutch of an agricultural vehicle connects an input driveline to an output driveline for coupling to an attached implement. A method and system for controlling the PTO clutch includes sensors for sensing rotational speeds on both sides of the clutch. Clutch slip is determined from the sensed speeds. A controller receives an actual slip signal and a desired slip signal and controls pressure in the clutch to maintain a constant desired clutch slip in order to avoid overload conditions. The torque transmitted by the clutch is determined as a function of the slip in the clutch and the clutch pressure, and a signal representing this torque is displayed to an operator.

    摘要翻译: 农用车辆的PTO离合器将输入传动系统连接到输出传动系统,以连接到附接的工具。 用于控制PTO离合器的方法和系统包括用于感测离合器两侧的转速的传感器。 从感测到的速度确定离合器滑差。 控制器接收实际滑差信号和期望的滑差信号,并且控制离合器中的压力以保持恒定的期望的离合器打滑,以避免过载状况。 由离合器传递的扭矩被确定为离合器中的滑差和离合器压力的函数,并且向操作者显示表示该扭矩的信号。

    Process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid and
physiologically compatible salts thereof
    15.
    发明授权
    Process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid and physiologically compatible salts thereof 失效
    制备E-2-丙基-2-戊烯酸及其生理相容性盐的方法

    公开(公告)号:US4966996A

    公开(公告)日:1990-10-30

    申请号:US203293

    申请日:1988-06-02

    申请人: Helmut Schafer

    发明人: Helmut Schafer

    IPC分类号: C07C51/09

    CPC分类号: C07C51/09

    摘要: A novel process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid, as well as the physiologically compatible salts thereof is described, in which 2-bromo-2-propyl-pentenoic acid ethyl ester is used as the starting compound. The bromine is split off with a cyclic tertiary amine in acetonitrile as the solvent and preferably the E-isomer of the ethyl ester is formed. The free acid is obtained by subsequent saponification under careful conditions and optionally, preferably using the corresponding carbon dioxide salts in aqueous acetone solution, is converted into the salt form.

    摘要翻译: 描述了用于制备E-2-丙基-2-戊烯酸的新方法及其生理上相容的盐,其中使用2-溴-2-丙基 - 戊烯酸乙酯作为起始化合物。 用乙腈中的环状叔胺作为溶剂将溴分离,优选形成乙酯的E-异构体。 游离酸通过在仔细的条件下随后的皂化获得,任选地,优选在丙酮水溶液中使用相应的二氧化碳盐,转化为盐形式。

    Gear shift arrangement for a vehicle
    16.
    发明授权
    Gear shift arrangement for a vehicle 失效
    车辆变速装置

    公开(公告)号:US4549637A

    公开(公告)日:1985-10-29

    申请号:US409478

    申请日:1982-08-19

    摘要: A vehicle, such as a tractor, has a main change-speed gear with an associated clutch and a load shift gear coupled to a selector rod. The load shift gear can be shifted under load between a normal position and an under-speed position which produces increased tractive effort by reducing the speed by about 20%. This load shift gear can be operated by the same lever as operates the main change speed gear. In order to prevent simultaneous operation of the main gear and the load change gear, with corresponding interference with the synchronization of the main gear, an interlock device is provided. The interlock device includes a bellows which is connected into the hydraulic circuit for the clutch and, when the clutch pedal is depressed, the bellows holds a plunger in interlocking engagement with one of two grooves in the selector rod which is mechanically coupled to the load change gear. In other embodiments, a mechanical linkage between the clutch pedal and the interlock device is provided.

    摘要翻译: 诸如拖拉机的车辆具有主变速齿轮,其具有联接到选择杆的相关联的离合器和负载变速齿轮。 负载变速齿轮可以在正常位置和低速位置之间的负载下移动,通过将速度降低约20%来产生增加的牵引力。 该负载变速齿轮可以通过与主变速齿轮操作相同的杆操作。 为了防止主齿轮和变速齿轮的同时运转,与主齿轮的同步相应的干扰,提供了互锁装置。 互锁装置包括连接到用于离合器的液压回路中的波纹管,并且当离合器踏板被压下时,波纹管保持柱塞与选择杆中的两个凹槽中的一个互锁接合,机械地联接到负载变化 齿轮。 在其它实施例中,提供了离合器踏板和互锁装置之间的机械连杆。