摘要:
A toner including: binder resin; and release agent, wherein the release agent is 1% to 8% by mass to the toner, as equivalent mass of endothermic amount of the release agent determined by DSC, wherein the release agent present in region from surface of the toner to 0.3 μm depth is 0.1% to 4% by mass, as determined by FTIR-ATR, and wherein, in TEM image of torn surface of the toner, WDa
摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The release agent has an average aspect ratio of 31 or more, when the average aspect ratio is determined from cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequation: 0.45≦(S1/S2)≦1.00 wherein S1 and S2 represent areas of quadrangles circumscribing the release agent and the toner, respectively, in a cross-sectional image of the toner obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The toner has a single exothermic peak measured by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) descending in a temperature range of from 150° C. to 0° C., wherein the exothermic peak is in a temperature range of from 40° C. to 60° C. and has a half bandwidth of at most 10° C. The release agent disperse to network form in the cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
摘要:
The invention provides a solid polymer fuel cell whose operational stability over time has been enhanced. A reinforced solid polymer electrolyte composite membrane for a solid polymer fuel cell according to the present invention comprises two or more polymer electrolyte membranes and one or more layers of a sheet-like porous reinforcing member, wherein the polymer electrolyte membranes provide both the upper and lower surfaces of the composite membrane, and pores in the sheet-like porous reinforcing member are substantially filled with the electrolyte from the polymer electrolyte membranes, and wherein the sheet-like porous reinforcing member contains a peroxide decomposition catalyst.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a charging device, an irradiating device, a developing device, a transfer device, a fixing device, and a cleaning device, wherein the image bearing member includes a substrate on which a photosensitive layer and a cross-linked surface layer are accumulated and the cross-linked surface layer comprises a cross-linked material formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable function groups without a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure by a photo-energy irradiation device, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of from 1 to 5 μm and an average circularity of from 0.95 to 0.98, wherein external additives added to the toner satisfy the following relationship: 1
摘要翻译:包括图像承载部件,充电装置,照射装置,显影装置,转印装置,定影装置和清洁装置的图像形成装置,其中,图像承载部件包括基板,光敏层和 交联表面层被积聚,并且交联表面层包括通过固化具有至少三个自由基聚合性官能团而不具有电荷传输结构的单体形成的交联材料和具有电荷输送结构的自由基聚合性化合物 光能照射装置,其中调色剂的体积平均粒径为1至5μm,平均圆形度为0.95至0.98,其中添加到调色剂中的外部添加剂满足以下关系:1 <3X / 5 + Y <3,其中X表示一次粒径为10〜20nm的外部添加剂的量,Y表示另一种外部添加剂的量 一次粒径为100〜200nm的添加剂,X,Y满足下列关系:X
摘要:
A manufacturing method of an absorbent body used for an absorbent article, includes molding the absorbent body by sucking in a gas, mixed with a liquid absorbent fiber and a superabsorbent polymer, using a suction hole at a bottom portion of a mold, and laminating the liquid absorbent fiber and the superabsorbent polymer on the bottom portion, and making a lamination thickness of the absorbent body thin by sucking out gas in the absorbent body placed on a placement surface on which the absorbent body is placed by, after the molding, in a state in which the gas is not supplied, sucking air through the suction hole on the placement surface, and creating an air pressure, in a space in between fibers in the absorbent body while sucking out the air, lower than that in a space in between fibers in the absorbent body while laminating in molding.
摘要:
The invention provides a method for fabricating a reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane having greatly enhanced durability against a dry/wet cycle or freeze/defreeze cycle. In a method for fabricating a reinforced polymer electrolyte membrane according to the present invention, (1) a polymer electrolyte precursor is caused to infiltrate into a sheet-like porous reinforcing member, in the absence of a solvent, at a temperature higher than the melting point of the sheet-like porous reinforcing member, or (2) the polymer electrolyte precursor is first caused to infiltrate into the sheet-like porous reinforcing member, in the absence of a solvent, at a first temperature lower than the melting point of the sheet-like porous reinforcing member, and then heat-treated at a second temperature higher than the melting point of the sheet-like porous reinforcing member; thereafter, the polymer electrolyte precursor is transformed into a polymer electrolyte by hydrolyzing the polymer electrolyte precursor.
摘要:
The present invention provides a light-transmitting electromagnetic wave-shielding material for use in displays or in-vehicle panels each having a polarizing plate or a retardation plate, wherein the light-transmitting electromagnetic wave-shielding material undergoes no generation of light interference fringes and is satisfactory in visibility even through sunglasses, goggles, glare-proof panels or glare-proof window materials having polarizing capability. By using unstretched light-transmitting organic polymer materials low in molecular orientation or small in molecular orientation unevenness as the base substrate of an electromagnetic wave-shielding layer, the light-transmitting electromagnetic wave-shielding material excellent in light interference fringe prevention capability can be obtained.
摘要:
A fluorine-containing polymer which comprises (a) a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate monomer and (b) a nitrogen-containing monomer represented by the general formula (I): [wherein R20 represents a hydrogen atom or a group containing a sulfonic acid group, R21 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, and R22 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group]; and a treating agent composition comprising said fluorine-containing polymer. The fluorine-containing polymer and the treating agent composition can be used for imparting satisfactory water repellency and oil resistance to a sheet of paper by the use of a reduced amount thereof.