摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a charging device, an irradiating device, a developing device, a transfer device, a fixing device, and a cleaning device, wherein the image bearing member includes a substrate on which a photosensitive layer and a cross-linked surface layer are accumulated and the cross-linked surface layer comprises a cross-linked material formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable function groups without a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure by a photo-energy irradiation device, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of from 1 to 5 μm and an average circularity of from 0.95 to 0.98, wherein external additives added to the toner satisfy the following relationship: 1
摘要翻译:包括图像承载部件,充电装置,照射装置,显影装置,转印装置,定影装置和清洁装置的图像形成装置,其中,图像承载部件包括基板,光敏层和 交联表面层被积聚,并且交联表面层包括通过固化具有至少三个自由基聚合性官能团而不具有电荷传输结构的单体形成的交联材料和具有电荷输送结构的自由基聚合性化合物 光能照射装置,其中调色剂的体积平均粒径为1至5μm,平均圆形度为0.95至0.98,其中添加到调色剂中的外部添加剂满足以下关系:1 <3X / 5 + Y <3,其中X表示一次粒径为10〜20nm的外部添加剂的量,Y表示另一种外部添加剂的量 一次粒径为100〜200nm的添加剂,X,Y满足下列关系:X
摘要:
An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, a charging device, an irradiating device, a developing device, a transfer device, a fixing device, and a cleaning device, wherein the image bearing member includes a substrate on which a photosensitive layer and a cross-linked surface layer are accumulated and the cross-linked surface layer comprises a cross-linked material formed by curing a monomer having at least three radical polymerizable function groups without a charge transport structure and a radical polymerizable compound having a charge transport structure by a photo-energy irradiation device, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter of from 1 to 5 μm and an average circularity of from 0.95 to 0.98, wherein external additives added to the toner satisfy the following relationship: 1
摘要翻译:包括图像承载部件,充电装置,照射装置,显影装置,转印装置,定影装置和清洁装置的图像形成装置,其中图像承载部件包括基板,光敏层和 交联表面层被积聚,并且交联表面层包括通过固化具有至少三个自由基聚合性官能团而不具有电荷传输结构的单体形成的交联材料和具有电荷输送结构的自由基聚合性化合物 光能照射装置,其中调色剂的体积平均粒径为1〜5μm,平均圆形度为0.95〜0.98,其中添加到调色剂中的外部添加剂满足以下关系:1 <3X / 5 + Y <3,其中X表示一次粒径为10〜20nm的外部添加剂的量,Y表示另一种外部添加剂的量 一次粒径为100〜200nm的添加剂,X,Y满足下列关系:X
摘要:
Provided is an ink containing a colorant, an organic solvent, and water, wherein the ink contains as the organic solvent, at least one kind of an organic solvent having a solubility parameter of greater than or equal to 9 but less than 11.8, wherein a content of the organic solvent having a solubility parameter of greater than or equal to 9 but less than 11.8 is greater than or equal to 20% by mass of a total amount of the ink, wherein a dynamic surface tension A of the ink at 25° C. at a surface lifetime, measured by a maximum foaming pressure method, of 15 msec is less than or equal to 34.0 mN/m, and wherein the dynamic surface tension A and a static surface tension B of the ink at 25° C. satisfy a formula of 10.0%≤[(A−B)/(A+B)]×100≤19.0%.
摘要:
An ink discharge device including an ink, an ink discharge head, and a negative pressure generator is provided. The ink comprises water, a colorant, an organic solvent X having a solubility parameter of from 8.9 to 12.0 and comprising no glycol ether compound, and a copolymer comprising a structural unit represented by the following formula (1): where R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group and Y represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. The ink discharge head includes a nozzle to discharge the ink, a plurality of individual liquid chambers in communication with the nozzle, a flow-in channel to let the ink flow into the individual liquid chambers, and a flow-out channel to let the ink flow out from the individual liquid chambers. The negative pressure generator is configured to generate a negative pressure that lets the ink flow out from the individual liquid chambers.
摘要:
An electrostatic-image developing toner including at least a binder resin; a colorant; and a release agent, wherein an average circularity of particles having a particle diameter in a range of 0.79 times or more but less than 1.15 times as large as a most frequent diameter in a number particle size distribution of the toner is within a range of 1.010 times or more but less than 1.020 times as high as an average circularity of particles having a particle diameter of 1.15 times or more as large as the most frequent diameter.
摘要:
The invention provides a solid polymer fuel cell whose operational stability over time has been enhanced. A reinforced solid polymer electrolyte composite membrane for a solid polymer fuel cell according to the present invention comprises two or more polymer electrolyte membranes and one or more layers of a sheet-like porous reinforcing member, wherein the polymer electrolyte membranes provide both the upper and lower surfaces of the composite membrane, and pores in the sheet-like porous reinforcing member are substantially filled with the electrolyte from the polymer electrolyte membranes, and wherein the sheet-like porous reinforcing member contains a peroxide decomposition catalyst.
摘要:
A heat-resistant resin composition comprising a melt-kneaded product of:(A) at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polyamideimide resin precursor composed mainly of a recurring unit of the formula (1)-a, ##STR1## wherein R is a divalent aromatic group or aliphatic group, R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a phenyl group, and Ar is a trivalent aromatic group composed of at least one six-membered ring, and a polyamideimide resin composed mainly of a recurring unit of the formula (1)-b, ##STR2## wherein R, R.sup.1 and Ar are as defined in the above formula (1)-a, (B) a polyphenylene sulfide resin, and(C) an organic isocyanate compound having at least two isocyanate groups in the molecule, the amount of said organic isocyanate compound being 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the compounds (A) and (B).
摘要:
A toner including: binder resin; and release agent, wherein the release agent is 1% to 8% by mass to the toner, as equivalent mass of endothermic amount of the release agent determined by DSC, wherein the release agent present in region from surface of the toner to 0.3 μm depth is 0.1% to 4% by mass, as determined by FTIR-ATR, and wherein, in TEM image of torn surface of the toner, WDa
摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The release agent has an average aspect ratio of 31 or more, when the average aspect ratio is determined from cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequation: 0.45≦(S1/S2)≦1.00 wherein S1 and S2 represent areas of quadrangles circumscribing the release agent and the toner, respectively, in a cross-sectional image of the toner obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).