摘要:
A two part retaining ring is described that has a lower ring and an upper ring. The lower ring contacts a polishing surface during chemical mechanical polishing. The upper surface and the lower surface of the lower ring have thick and thin subportions to increase the flexibility of the lower ring.
摘要:
A system for chemical mechanical polishing having a carrier head with pressurizeable chambers that can be configured into pressure zones is described. The system includes a carrier head with a membrane for contacting a substrate during polishing. Pressurizeable chambers behind the membrane are in communication with pressure inputs. The pressure inputs can each supply a different pressure to the pressurizeable chambers. Some of the pressurizeable chambers can be in communication with more than one pressure input. Zones of pressure can be arranged, where each zone includes one or more pressurizeable chambers. The zones can be configurable by altering the pressurizeable chambers that make up each zone.
摘要:
A flexible membrane for use with a carrier head of a substrate chemical mechanical polishing apparatus has a central portion with an outer surface providing a substrate receiving surface, a perimeter portion for connecting the central portion to a base of the carrier head, and at least one flap extending from an inner surface of the central portion. The flap includes a laterally extending first section and a vertically extending second section connecting the laterally extending first section to the central portion.
摘要:
An active matrix LCD (200) includes: a plurality of scanning lines (23) that are parallel to each other and that each extend along a first direction; a plurality of signal lines (24) that are parallel to each other and that each extend along a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; a plurality of thin film transistors (TFTs) each provided in the vicinity of a respective point of intersection of the scanning lines and the signal lines; a plurality of scanning line driving circuits (21) for providing a plurality of scanning signal groups to the scanning lines, each scanning signal group including an image scanning signal and a black-inserting scanning signal; a plurality of signal line driving circuits (22) for providing gradation voltage data to the signal lines; and a black-inserting circuit (28) for providing black-inserting signals corresponding to black image data to the signal lines.
摘要:
The present invention discloses a bandpass amplifier having gain and bandpass performance. The bandpass amplifier includes an input match unit for matching the gain of the amplifier and having a first filter response; a first bias unit electrically connected to the input match unit for driving the first terminal of the amplifier and having a first high pass filter response; a gain stage electrically connected to the first bias unit for providing the flat gain of the amplifier; a second bias unit electrically connected to the gain stage for driving the second terminal of the amplifier and having a second high pass filter response; and an output match unit electrically connected to the second bias unit for matching the gain of the amplifier and having a second filter response.
摘要:
A channel noise estimating method and apparatus applied to a multi-carrier system are disclosed, where data symbols received by a receiving unit are applied to reconstruct the original transmitted data symbols. The reconstructing process is performed by either a soft decision or a hard decision technique to simulate the original transmitted data symbols. These simulated transmitted data symbols in company with the received data symbols are further applied to calculate the channel noise based on an LMS algorithm.
摘要:
A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus. The carrier head includes a housing, a base, a loading mechanism, a gimbal mechanism, and a substrate backing assembly. The substrate backing assembly includes a support structure positioned below the base, a substantially horizontal, annular flexure connecting the support structure to the base, and a flexible membrane connected to the support structure. The flexible membrane has a mounting surface for a substrate, and extends beneath the base to define a chamber.
摘要:
A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus includes a flexible membrane, the lower surface of which provides a substrate-receiving surface. The carrier head includes a compliant backing member with a plurality of cells which contact an upper surface of the flexible membrane to improve vacuum-chucking of the substrate.
摘要:
In one aspect, a scrubber brush assembly is provided. The scrubber brush assembly includes a scrubber brush having a body of open-cell foam including an interior surface, a sleeve received in contact with the scrubber brush, the sleeve including peripherally-spaced, longitudinal walls and reinforcing segments interconnecting adjacent ones of the longitudinal walls and forming elongated pockets along the length, the sleeve having raised ribs extending along the length, and a mandrel having recesses formed on an outer surface, the mandrel being coupled to the sleeve by receiving the raised ribs within the recesses. Scrubber brush subassemblies, high stiffness mandrels, and methods of assembly are provided, as are numerous other aspects.
摘要:
Methods, apparatus, and systems for polishing a substrate are provided. The invention includes an upper platen; a torque/strain measurement instrument coupled to the upper platen; and a lower platen coupled to the torque/strain measurement instrument and adapted to drive the upper platen to rotate through the torque/strain measurement instrument. In other embodiments, the invention includes an upper carriage; a side force measurement instrument coupled to the upper carriage; and a lower carriage coupled to the side force measurement instrument and adapted to support a polishing head. Numerous additional aspects are disclosed.