Abstract:
An electric discharge gas laser has a turbulence generator inserted in the flow path of the gas upstream of the optical cavity. The turbulence generator is illustrated as a screen. The turbulence is also disclosed as resulting from a vortex-causing blade inserted in the gas conduit. The turbulence resulting in the gas flow provides energy and specie diffusion to the outer walls at a rate relatively faster than laminar (molecular) diffusion, thereby permitting stable operations of the diffuse electric discharge at relatively higher powers.
Abstract:
A device for placement of effluent comprises a substrate positioner, a deposition conduit, and a conduit positioner. The substrate positioner supports and positions a substrate on which effluent exiting from the deposition conduit is to be deposited. The conduit positioner moves an exit end of the deposition conduit relative to the substrate.
Abstract:
One illustrative embodiment of a voltage pulser circuit comprises a voltage source producing a first voltage, and a thyratron tube having an anode coupled to the output of the voltage source, a cathode connected to a reference potential and a grid responsive to a grid control voltage to electrically connect the anode to the cathode to thereby cause the first thyratron tube to switch the anode between the first voltage and the reference potential. A pulse-shaping circuit may be connected to the anode of the tube to effectuate desired rise and fall times of the voltage pulses produced by the voltage pulser circuit. Such a voltage pulser circuit is particularly suited for use in connection with the operation of pulsed spectrometer instruments, such as time-of-flight mass spectrometers and the like.
Abstract:
A time-of-flight mass spectra calibration technique uses time-of-flight mass spectrometer instrument operational parameters and known mass and measured time-of-flight data pairs to optimize values of chosen ones of the instrument operational parameters. Electrostatic time-of-flight calculations are conducted in conjunction with an iterative procedure, preferably a simplex optimization procedure, to thereby minimize a residual error between the electrostatic time-of-flight calculations and the measured time-of-flight data values for each of the known mass values. While conventional curve fitting mass calibration techniques are devoid of information that describe ion behavior, the mass calibration technique of the present invention, by contrast, takes into account all of the instrument operational parameters in arriving at a final calibration. Because the electrostatic TOF calculation is a description of ion behavior in an actual TOF mass spectrometer instrument rather than a polynomial representation of a curve, it is well behaved and does not contain any instabilities where unpredictable calibration errors might occur. Moreover, unlike conventional curve fitting mass calibration techniques, the mass calibration technique of the present invention maintains mass accuracy in extrapolated mass ranges.
Abstract:
A hybrid ion mobility and time-of-flight mass spectrometer includes an ion source region coupled to an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) which feeds directly into an ion accelerating region of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). In one embodiment, the TOFMS is positioned relative to the IMS so that the flight tube axis of the TOFMS is perpendicular to the drift tube axis of the IMS. In an alternate embodiment, the TOFMS is positioned relative to the IMS so that the flight tube axis of the TOFMS is non-perpendicular to the drift tube axis of the IMS. In the alternate embodiment, a known quadrupole ion trap is positioned between the IMS and the TOFMS to provide the capability of controlling the injection of ion packets into the TOFMS. The ion source may be a MALDI source, an electrospray ionization source, or an ion trap positioned between the IMS and any known ion source. In each case, the IMS, TOFMS and ion sources are preferably controlled by a computer.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for minimizing ion peak width measurements in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to thereby minimize the effects of initial ion position distributions and initial ion velocity distributions on the mass resolution of the spectrometer are provided. Where the ion source and ion generation geometries indicate a functional relationship between the initial ion position and initial ion velocity, this relationship is substituted into the time-of-flight equation and the instrument parameters are thereafter optimized to achieve minimization of ion peak width broadening. Experimental results using MALDI indicate reductions in ion peak widths of up to 96% over those observed with traditional MALDI techniques.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for minimizing ion peak width measurements in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to thereby minimize the effects of initial ion position distributions and initial ion velocity distributions on the mass resolution of the spectrometer are provided. Where the ion source and ion generation geometries indicate a functional relationship between the initial ion position and initial ion velocity, this relationship is substituted into the time-of-flight equation and the instrument parameters are thereafter optimized to achieve minimization of ion peak width broadening. Experimental results using MALDI indicate reductions in ion peak widths of up to 96% over those observed with traditional MALDI techniques.
Abstract:
Embodiments of the invention describe a headworks and dewatering component coupled to an inlet and disposed above a base of the basin, the headworks and dewatering component to include a filtration element to define a flow restriction for solid materials, dewater the solid materials from the wastewater influent, and pass a remainder of the wastewater influent (e.g., to another compartment of a host WWTP container). In one embodiment, the headworks and dewatering component comprises a box shape (i.e., orthogonal polyhedral). In other embodiments, said component may comprise a circular or free-form shape. In one embodiment, the filtration element defines a flow restriction for solid materials based, at least in part, on dimensions of the solid materials. Said filtration element may comprise fabric netting, or metal mesh netting.
Abstract:
Methods of identifying polypeptides have been developed using a de novo sequencing technique. Methods use photodissociation and low-energy fragmentation and the spectra of peptide ions obtained therefrom, such as obtained by post-source decay (PSD), have been developed. The methods include photodissociation and the spectra therefrom obtainable from treating ions with predetermined wavelengths of radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The confidence of amino acid assignments based on x-type ions is evaluated by observing complementary y-, v- and w-type ions that provide additional constraints to sequence identification.
Abstract:
Methods of identifying polypeptides have been developed using a de novo sequencing technique. Methods use photodissociation and low-energy fragmentation and the spectra of peptide ions obtained therefrom, such as obtained by post-source decay (PSD), have been developed. The methods include photodissociation and the spectra therefrom obtainable from treating ions with predetermined wavelengths of radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The confidence of amino acid assignments based on x-type ions is evaluated by observing complementary y-, v- and w-type ions that provide additional constraints to sequence identification.