公开(公告)号：US06677899B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US10373941

申请日：2003-02-25

申请人： Jar J. Lee ,  Clifton Quan ,  Brian M. Pierce

发明人： Jar J. Lee ,  Clifton Quan ,  Brian M. Pierce

IPC分类号： H01Q300

CPC分类号： H01Q3/36

摘要： A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) steerable electronically scanned lens array (ESA) antenna and method of frequency scanning are disclosed. The MEMS ESA antenna includes a MEMS E-plane steerable lens array and a MEMS H-plane steerable linear array. The MEMS E-plane steerable lens array includes first and second arrays of wide band radiating elements, and an array of MEMS E-plane phase shifter modules disposed between the first and second arrays of radiating elements. The MEMS H-plane steerable linear array includes a continuous transverse stub (CTS) feed array and an array of MEMS H-plane phase shifter modules at an input of the CTS feed array. The MEMS H-plane steerable linear array is disposed adjacent the first array of radiating elements of the MEMS E-plane steerable lens array for providing a planar wave front in the near field. The H-plane phase shifter modules shift RF signals input into the CTS feed array based on the phase settings of the H-plane phase shifter modules, and the E-plane phase shifter modules steer a beam radiated from the CTS feed array in an E-plane based on the phase settings of the E-plane phase shifter modules.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种微机电系统（MEMS）可控电子扫描透镜阵列（ESA）天线和频率扫描方法。 MEMS ESA天线包括MEMS E平面可控透镜阵列和MEMS H平面可导向线性阵列。 MEMS E平面可控透镜阵列包括宽带辐射元件的第一和第二阵列，以及设置在辐射元件的第一和第二阵列之间的MEMS E平面移相器模块阵列。 MEMS H平面可导向线性阵列包括在CTS馈送阵列的输入处的连续横向短截线（CTS）馈电阵列和MEMS H平面移相器模块阵列。 MEMS H平面可导向线性阵列邻近MEMS E平面可控透镜阵列的第一辐射元件阵列设置，用于在近场提供平面波前。 H平面移相器模块基于H平面移相器模块的相位设置将输入到CTS馈送阵列的RF信号移位，并且E平面移相器模块将从CTS馈送阵列辐射的光束转向E 基于E平面移相器模块的相位设置。

公开(公告)号：US5999128A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US81497

申请日：1998-05-19

申请人： Ronald R. Stephens ,  Jar J. Lee

发明人： Ronald R. Stephens ,  Jar J. Lee

IPC分类号： H01Q3/26 ,  H01Q25/00 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： H01Q3/2676 ,  H01Q25/00

摘要： Antenna structures are provided which facilitate the simultaneous radiation of multiple antenna beams. The structures include photonic manifolds that define equal-length optical paths and other optical paths whose lengths progressively change by a selected length .DELTA.L. The manifolds conduct signal pairs to radiative modules. Each signal pair includes a frequency-swept scanning signal s.sub.s and a reference signal s.sub.r whose frequency is a selected one of the sum and the difference of the frequencies of the scanning signal s.sub.s and a respective operating signal s.sub.o. Subsequently, the scanning signals are mixed with the reference signals and filtered to recover phase-shifted versions of each respective operating signal s.sub.o. The phase-shifted versions are radiated to form multiple radiated beams wherein each beam is scanned by changing the frequency of its respective scanning signal s.sub.s. The frequency of the scanning signals is selected to avoid generation of spurious radiated signals. This selection includes choosing the scanning signals so that each has a different integer number of 2.pi. phase shifts over the path length .DELTA.L. Methods of the invention permit the use of a common mixer and a common filter at each radiative module for processing all signal pairs.

摘要翻译： 提供了天线结构，其有助于同时辐射多个天线波束。 该结构包括定义等长光路和其长度逐渐变化了选定长度DELTA L的其他光路的光子歧管。歧管将信号对传导到辐射模块。 每个信号对包括频率扫描扫描信号ss和参考信号sr，其频率是扫描信号ss的频率和相应的操作信号的和的和之间的选择的一个。 随后，扫描信号与参考信号混合并被滤波以恢复每个相应操作信号的相移版本。 相移版本被辐射以形成多个辐射光束，其中通过改变其各自的扫描信号ss的频率来扫描每个光束。 选择扫描信号的频率以避免杂散辐射信号的产生。 该选择包括选择扫描信号，使得每个扫描信号在路径长度DELTA L上具有不同的整数2个pip相移。本发明的方法允许在每个辐射模块处使用公共混频器和公共滤波器来处理所有信号 对。

公开(公告)号：US5400162A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

申请号：US145949

申请日：1993-10-29

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G02B6/28 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0003 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G02B6/2861 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/002 ,  H04Q2011/0039

摘要： Optoelectronic switching apparatus employing optoelectronic switching devices interconnected by optical media having different delay lengths and an multiport optical coupler. The optoelectronic switching apparatus provides for a multibit true-time-delay beamsteerer for beamsteering phased array antennas. The present invention combines two types of optoelectronic devices, lasers and photodiode switches, using an interconnected passive optical network comprising the optical fibers and the optical coupler. The switches, and input and output signal networks coupled to the respective switches, are controlled using a control signal generator. Using this scheme, any input can be independently selected and a signal can be routed to any output. Furthermore, the product of the total number of different interconnect paths (N.times.M) is provided which provides a greater number of delay lengths than is provided by using only one type of switch (i.e. laser (N) or photodiode (M)) alone. The present invention also provides for improved insertion loss while increasing the number of delay paths.

摘要翻译： 使用通过具有不同延迟长度的光学介质互连的光电开关装置的光电开关装置和多端口光耦合器。 光电开关装置提供用于波束导向相控阵天线的多位真实时间延迟波束整形器。 本发明使用包括光纤和光耦合器的互连无源光网络结合了两种类型的光电子器件，激光器和光电二极管开关。 耦合到相应开关的开关以及输入和输出信号网络使用控制信号发生器进行控制。 使用此方案，可以独立选择任何输入，并将信号路由到任何输出。 此外，提供了不同的互连路径（NxM）的总数的乘积，其提供比仅通过仅使用一种类型的开关（即，激光（N）或光电二极管（M））提供的更多数量的延迟长度。 本发明还提供了增加插入损耗的同时增加延迟路径的数量。

公开(公告)号：US07994997B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-09

申请号：US12163091

申请日：2008-06-27

申请人： Stan W. Livingston ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Dennis Nagata

发明人： Stan W. Livingston ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Dennis Nagata

IPC分类号： H01Q13/10

CPC分类号： H01Q13/10 ,  H01Q21/0075 ,  H01Q21/064

摘要： In one embodiment, a wide bandwidth, reduced depth transmit/receive antenna array includes unit cells having continuous slots, a transceiver, unbalanced feeds, impedance transformers, and exciters. The continuous slots are formed in a conductive antenna plane, and the transceiver generates and/or receives electrical signals. The unbalanced feeds may be electrically connected between the transceiver and impedance transformers which match the impedance between feed lines and the exciter. They may be located in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the radiation, and also may be arranged between the conductive antenna plane and a backplane. The exciter spans a continuous slot, and emits and/or receives radiation from the slot. The antenna array is capable of operating without a radome or balun.

摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，宽带宽，深度减小的发射/接收天线阵列包括具有连续时隙的单元小区，收发机，不平衡馈电，阻抗变换器和激励器。 连续槽形成在导电天线平面中，并且收发器产生和/或接收电信号。 不平衡馈电可以电连接在收发器和阻抗变压器之间，匹配馈电线和励磁器之间的阻抗。 它们可以位于垂直于辐射传播方向的平面中，并且还可以布置在导电天线平面和背板之间。 激励器跨越一个连续的槽，并发射和/或接收来自槽的辐射。 天线阵列能够​​在没有天线罩或平衡 - 不平衡变换器的情况下运行。

公开(公告)号：US07605767B2

公开(公告)日：2009-10-20

申请号：US11499591

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Jar J. Lee ,  Clifton Quan ,  Stanley W. Livingston

发明人： Jar J. Lee ,  Clifton Quan ,  Stanley W. Livingston

IPC分类号： H01Q19/06

CPC分类号： H01Q21/0018 ,  H01Q1/1292 ,  H01Q1/28 ,  H01Q1/286 ,  H01Q3/46 ,  H01Q5/42

摘要： A space-fed array is selectively operable in a reflective mode or in a feed-through mode. The array includes, in an exemplary embodiment, a primary array; and a feed array. The primary array includes a first side set of radiating elements, a first set of phase shifters, a set of switches, a second set of phase shifters and a second side set of radiating elements. Each of the switches is connected between corresponding ones of the first set and the second set of phase shifters and ground, selectively settable at an open position or at a closed position. The open position corresponds to the feed through mode, and the closed position corresponds to the reflective mode.

摘要翻译： 空间馈送阵列可选择性地以反射模式或馈通模式操作。 在示例性实施例中，阵列包括主阵列; 和馈送数组。 主阵列包括第一组辐射元件，第一组移相器，一组开关，第二组移相器和第二侧辐射元件组。 每个开关连接在第一组和第二组移相器的对应的开关和地之间，可选择地设置在打开位置或关闭位置。 打开位置对应于进给模式，关闭位置对应于反射模式。

公开(公告)号：US07034373B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-25

申请号：US11003031

申请日：2004-12-03

申请人： Robert C. Allison ,  Jar J. Lee

发明人： Robert C. Allison ,  Jar J. Lee

IPC分类号： H01L29/84

CPC分类号： H01H67/22 ,  H01H1/0036 ,  H01L2224/48095 ,  H01L2224/48227 ,  H01L2224/49109 ,  H01L2924/15192 ,  H01L2924/30111 ,  H01P1/127 ,  H01L2924/00014 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A multilayer switching assembly for switching high frequency signals has MEMS structures on a ceramic substrate having a top surface 500, a bottom surface and a plurality of insulating layers (510,512,514). The insulating layers are separated by at least a first conductor 502 and a second conductor 504. The first conductor 502 is connected to a ground potential. The second conductor 504 is separated from the first conductor 502 by one of the insulating layers. The second conductor presents a specific impedance (50 ohms) with respect to the first conductor to high frequency signals traveling on the second conductor.64 MEMS structures (e.g. 540,708,716,718, 720) are mounted on the top surface. Each MEMS has an input, an output, and a control. The input connected to the second conductor. The output is connected to a coplanar waveguide (508) placed on the top surface (500). The control is connected to the bottom surface.The input to each MEMS is electrically separated from the output and from the control by a third conductor (534,550,532,530) connected to the first (grounded) conductor (502). The third conductor traverses one or more of the insulating layers thereby acting as a shield and precluding the high frequency signals presented to the input from propagating to the output and to the control. The 64 MEMS are arranged in a square 8 by 8 matrix, as well as their controls. High frequency inputs and outputs to be switched by the MEMS are placed on the periphery of the substrate to further enhance the separation of signals. Terminating resistors (50 ohms) are also placed near the periphery.

摘要翻译： 用于切换高频信号的多层开关组件在具有顶表面500，底表面和多个绝缘层（510,512,514）的陶瓷衬底上具有MEMS结构。 绝缘层由至少第一导体502和第二导体504隔开。 第一导体502连接到地电位。 第二导体504通过绝缘层之一与第一导体502分离。 第二导体相对于第一导体呈现在第二导体上行进的高频信号的特定阻抗（50欧姆）。 64个MEMS结构（例如，540,708,716,718,720）安装在顶表面上。 每个MEMS都有一个输入，一个输出和一个控制。 输入连接到第二导体。 输出连接到放置在顶表面（500）上的共面波导（508）。 控制器连接到底面。 每个MEMS的输入通过连接到第一（接地）导体（502）的第三导体（534,550,532,530）与输出和控制电隔离。 第三导体横穿绝缘层中的一个或多个，从而用作屏蔽，并且阻止呈现给输入端的高频信号传播到输出端和控制端。 64个MEMS被排列成方形8×8矩阵，以及它们的控制。 通过MEMS切换的高频输入和输出被放置在基板的周边上，以进一步增强信号的分离。 终端电阻（50欧姆）也放置在外围附近。

公开(公告)号：US06624720B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-23

申请号：US10219889

申请日：2002-08-15

申请人： Robert C. Allison ,  Jar J. Lee

发明人： Robert C. Allison ,  Jar J. Lee

IPC分类号： H01P110

CPC分类号： H01P5/185 ,  H01P1/127 ,  H01Q3/2682

摘要： A micro electromechanical system (MEMS) transfer switch for simultaneously connecting two radio frequency (RF) input transmission lines among two RF output transmission lines. The MEMS transfer switch includes a plurality of series MEMS switching units operatively arranged with the input and output transmission lines to selectively connect a first input to a first output and a second input to a second output, or the second input to the first output and the first input to the second output.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在两个RF输出传输线之间同时连接两个射频（RF）输入传输线的微机电系统（MEMS）传送开关。 MEMS传送开关包括多个串联MEMS开关单元，可操作地布置有输入和输出传输线，以选择性地将第一输入连接到第一输出和第二输入到第二输出，或者将第二输入连接到第一输出， 首先输入到第二个输出。

公开(公告)号：US06388631B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-14

申请号：US09811934

申请日：2001-03-19

申请人： Stan W. Livingston ,  Jar J. Lee ,  James H. Schaffner ,  Robert Y. Loo

发明人： Stan W. Livingston ,  Jar J. Lee ,  James H. Schaffner ,  Robert Y. Loo

IPC分类号： H01Q1310

CPC分类号： H01Q13/10 ,  H01Q3/24 ,  H01Q21/064 ,  H01Q21/22

摘要： A reconfigurable wide band phased array antenna for generating multiple antenna beams for multiple transmit and receive functions. The antenna array comprises multiple long non-resonant TEM slot antenna apertures with RF MEMS switches disposed within the slots. The RF MEMS switches are positioned directly within the feed lines across the slots to directly control the coupling of RF energy to the slots. Multiple RF MEMS switches are used within each slot, which allows multiple transmit/receive functions and/or multiple frequencies to be supported by each slot. The frequency coverage provided by the slot antenna has a greater than 10:1 frequency range.

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生多个发射和接收功能的多个天线波束的可重构宽带相控阵天线。 天线阵列包括多个长非谐振TEM缝隙天线孔径，RF MEMS开关设置在槽内。 射频MEMS开关直接位于插槽的馈电线内，以直接控制RF能量与插槽的耦合。 在每个时隙内使用多个RF MEMS开关，这允许每个时隙支持多个发射/接收功能和/或多个频率。 缝隙天线提供的频率覆盖范围大于10：1。

公开(公告)号：US5894288A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-13

申请号：US907522

申请日：1997-08-08

申请人： Jar J. Lee ,  Stan W. Livingston

发明人： Jar J. Lee ,  Stan W. Livingston

IPC分类号： H01Q13/08 ,  H01Q21/06 ,  H01Q21/29 ,  H01Q13/10

CPC分类号： H01Q21/29 ,  H01Q13/085 ,  H01Q21/067

摘要： A wideband end-fire array including columns or sub-arrays of flared notch radiating elements spaced along an end-fire axis and fed by a true-time-delay corporate feed network. The feed network includes a corporate feed manifold and a plurality of cables connected between a respective manifold port and a balun comprising a corresponding radiating element. The plurality of cables have corresponding electrical line lengths adapted to provide progressive time delays to signals carried between the radiating elements and the feed manifold so as to equalize the time delays due to spacing of the elements along the axis.

摘要翻译： 宽带端射阵列，包括沿端射轴轴向间隔开并由真实时间延迟的公共馈电网络供电的扩口陷波辐射元件的列或子阵列。 进料网络包括公司进料歧管和连接在相应的歧管端口和包括相应的辐射元件的平衡 - 不平衡变换器之间的多个电缆。 多个电缆具有对应的电线长度，其适于对辐射元件和馈送歧管之间承载的信号提供渐进的时间延迟，以便均衡由于元件沿轴线的间隔所引起的时间延迟。

公开(公告)号：US5874915A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-23

申请号：US907569

申请日：1997-08-08

申请人： Jar J. Lee ,  Ruey S. Chu ,  Kenneth L. Schaffer

发明人： Jar J. Lee ,  Ruey S. Chu ,  Kenneth L. Schaffer

IPC分类号： H01Q3/24 ,  H01Q21/06 ,  H01Q21/20 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： H01Q3/242 ,  H01Q21/067 ,  H01Q21/205 ,  H01Q3/247

摘要： A wideband electronically scanned cylindrical array includes an array of end-fire radiating elements, the elements arranged in a first plurality of columns, the columns arranged radially about a center axis of the array. A beamforming network is connected to the array of radiating elements. The beamforming network includes a power divider circuit for dividing an input RF drive signal into a second plurality of drive signals, and a matrix of electronically controlled transfer switches. A true time delay network comprising a third plurality of delay lines couples respective ones of the drive signals to the matrix of transfer switches. A third plurality of transmit amplifiers is coupled to the matrix of transfer switches, each amplifier for amplifying a respective one of the drive signals. The beamforming network further includes apparatus for coupling the amplified drive signals to selected ones of the columns of radiating elements. A beamforming controller is connected to the coupling apparatus and the matrix of transfer switches for selecting sectors of the columns of radiating elements to be driven by the drive signals to form a desired beam. The columns of radiating elements are arranged in a circularly symmetric fashion about the axis in the disclosed embodiment.

摘要翻译： 宽带电子扫描的圆柱形阵列包括端射辐射元件的阵列，所述阵列布置在第一多个列中，所述列围绕阵列的中心轴径向排列。 波束成形网络连接到辐射元件阵列。 波束成形网络包括用于将输入RF驱动信号分成第二多个驱动信号的功率分配器电路和电子控制的转换开关的矩阵。 包括第三多个延迟线的真实时间延迟网络将相应的驱动信号耦合到传送开关的矩阵。 第三多个发射放大器耦合到转换开关的矩阵，每个放大器用于放大相应的一个驱动信号。 波束形成网络还包括用于将放大的驱动信号耦合到选定的辐射元件列的装置。 波束成形控制器连接到耦合装置和转移开关矩阵，用于选择由驱动信号驱动的辐射元件的列的扇区以形成期望的波束。 在所公开的实施例中，辐射元件的列以关于轴的圆对称方式布置。