公开(公告)号：US5400162A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

申请号：US145949

申请日：1993-10-29

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G02B6/28 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0003 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G02B6/2861 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/002 ,  H04Q2011/0039

摘要： Optoelectronic switching apparatus employing optoelectronic switching devices interconnected by optical media having different delay lengths and an multiport optical coupler. The optoelectronic switching apparatus provides for a multibit true-time-delay beamsteerer for beamsteering phased array antennas. The present invention combines two types of optoelectronic devices, lasers and photodiode switches, using an interconnected passive optical network comprising the optical fibers and the optical coupler. The switches, and input and output signal networks coupled to the respective switches, are controlled using a control signal generator. Using this scheme, any input can be independently selected and a signal can be routed to any output. Furthermore, the product of the total number of different interconnect paths (N.times.M) is provided which provides a greater number of delay lengths than is provided by using only one type of switch (i.e. laser (N) or photodiode (M)) alone. The present invention also provides for improved insertion loss while increasing the number of delay paths.

摘要翻译： 使用通过具有不同延迟长度的光学介质互连的光电开关装置的光电开关装置和多端口光耦合器。 光电开关装置提供用于波束导向相控阵天线的多位真实时间延迟波束整形器。 本发明使用包括光纤和光耦合器的互连无源光网络结合了两种类型的光电子器件，激光器和光电二极管开关。 耦合到相应开关的开关以及输入和输出信号网络使用控制信号发生器进行控制。 使用此方案，可以独立选择任何输入，并将信号路由到任何输出。 此外，提供了不同的互连路径（NxM）的总数的乘积，其提供比仅通过仅使用一种类型的开关（即，激光（N）或光电二极管（M））提供的更多数量的延迟长度。 本发明还提供了增加插入损耗的同时增加延迟路径的数量。

公开(公告)号：US06175672B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-16

申请号：US09336264

申请日：1999-06-18

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Kapriel V. Krikorian ,  Robert Y. Loo ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Robert A. Rosen

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Kapriel V. Krikorian ,  Robert Y. Loo ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Robert A. Rosen

IPC分类号： G02B628

CPC分类号： H04B10/2575

摘要： A substantially lossless transmissive link, such as an RF fiber optic link, that selectively employs a number of techniques to improve various link parameters. The link may be structured to comprise a high power light source, such as a laser, that provides light output having a high level of optical power. A feedback circuit may be disposed around the light source that reduces relative-intensity-noise levels produced by the light source at low frequencies. A modulator is provided that modulates the light output of the light source. Preferably, a dual output modulator may be used to provide two modulated optical signals whose respective RF modulation is “effectively” 180 degrees out of phase. An optical fiber that transmits the modulated optical signal(s). A photodetector without a load resistor directly on its output that is operable at the high level of optical power, receives the modulated light and recovers the RF signal. A dual balaniced photodetector that is used in conjunction with the dual output modulator. An RF component, such as an amiplifier, that is coupled directly to an output of the photodetector that provides a load resistance for the link.

摘要翻译： 基本上无损的透射链路，例如RF光纤链路，其选择性地采用多种技术来改善各种链路参数。 链路可以被构造为包括提供具有高水平光功率的光输出的诸如激光器的高功率光源。 可以在光源周围设置反馈电路，从而降低光源在低频时产生的相对强度噪声水平。 提供调制器来调节光源的光输出。 优选地，双输出调制器可以用于提供两个调制的光信号，其相应的RF调制“有效地”相位相差180度。 发送调制光信号的光纤。 没有负载电阻器的光电检测器直接在其输出端处可以在高功率电平下工作，接收调制的光并恢复RF信号。 双重平衡光电检测器，与双输出调制器结合使用。 RF分量，例如放大器，其直接耦合到光电检测器的输出端，为链路提供负载电阻。

公开(公告)号：US5677697A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-14

申请号：US608589

申请日：1996-02-28

申请人： J. J. Lee ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： J. J. Lee ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： G02B3/00 ,  G01S7/03 ,  G01S7/282 ,  G01S13/42 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H01Q15/00 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q19/00 ,  H01Q25/00 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： G01S7/282 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q25/008 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G01S13/426 ,  G01S7/032

摘要： An optical heterodyne system provides the radiation source and beam scan control of a millimeter wave (MMW) array antenna. The heterodyne system is an optical feed system to produce the MMW by mixing the optical outputs from two lasers, distribute the signal source to an array of radiating elements through a Rotman lens and optical fibers, generate the differential phase shift for beam scan in the optical domain, change the beam direction by switching the input laser being used to illuminate the Rotman lens or by varying the frequency of one of the laser sources. The feed system includes a plurality n-1 lasers spaced along the transmit side of the lens, and a center laser disposed on the center axis of the transmit side. A l:n switch receives a command input to determine which of the n-1 lasers will operate. The beat frequency between the center laser operating frequency and that of the n-1 lasers is the MMW frequency. N optical receive elements are spaced along the output side of the Rotman lens and are connected to a corresponding photodetector by equal length optical fibers. The output of each photodetector is amplified and fed to a corresponding radiating element. The system also operates in a corresponding receive mode.

摘要翻译： 光学外差系统提供毫米波（MMW）阵列天线的辐射源和波束扫描控制。 外差系统是通过混合来自两个激光器的光输出来产生MMW的光学馈送系统，通过Rotman透镜和光纤将信号源分布到辐射元件阵列，在光学器件中产生用于光束扫描的差分相移 通过切换用于照亮Rotman透镜的输入激光器或通过改变其中一个激光源的频率来改变光束方向。 馈送系统包括沿着透镜的发射侧间隔开的多个n-1个激光器，以及设置在发射侧的中心轴上的中心激光器。 l：n开关接收命令输入，以确定n-1激光器中的哪一个将工作。 中心激光器工作频率与n-1激光器之间的拍频是MMW频率。 N个光接收元件沿着Rotman透镜的输出侧间隔开，并且通过相等长度的光纤连接到相应的光电检测器。 每个光电检测器的输出被放大并馈送到相应的辐射元件。 该系统还以相应的接收模式工作。

公开(公告)号：US5377035A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-27

申请号：US127833

申请日：1993-09-28

申请人： Harry T. Wang ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Willie W. Ng

发明人： Harry T. Wang ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： H04B10/12 ,  H04J14/02 ,  H04B10/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/532 ,  H04J14/0298

摘要： A single transmission optical fiber is used to transmit RF signals of the same frequency but different polarization from a source to a polarization diversity receiver without introducing interference between the signals. The incoming signal of one polarization modulates a first laser transmitter operating at one wavelength, and the incoming signal of the other polarization modulates a second laser transmitter operating at a different, second wavelength. The two modulated optical beams are combined in an optical coupler whose output is connected to the transmission fiber leading to the polarization diversity receiver. At the receiver, a wavelength division multiplexing coupler is used to separate out the two modulated optical carriers. The two RF signals used to modulate the laser transmitters are separately recovered via photodiode detectors to provide inputs to the polarization diversity receiver.

摘要翻译： 单个传输光纤用于将相同频率的RF信号从源极发射到极化分集接收器，而不引入信号之间的干扰。 一个偏振的输入信号调制在一个波长上操作的第一激光发射器，而另一个偏振的输入信号调制在不同的第二波长处操作的第二激光发射器。 两个调制光束组合在光耦合器中，其输出端连接到通向极化分集接收器的传输光纤。 在接收机处，使用波分复用耦合器来分离出两个调制的光载波。 用于调制激光发射器的两个RF信号通过光电二极管检测器单独恢复，以向极化分集接收器提供输入。

公开(公告)号：US07088886B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-08

申请号：US10714494

申请日：2003-11-13

申请人： Metin S. Mangir ,  Daniel Yap ,  Willie W. Ng

发明人： Metin S. Mangir ,  Daniel Yap ,  Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/42

CPC分类号： H04B10/2537 ,  G01S7/292

摘要： A limiter for limiting selected frequency components by generating Stokes waves in a stimulated Brillouin scattering medium. The generated Stokes waves create a seed that is provided to another stimulated Brillouin scattering medium. The seed selecting the undesired frequency components to be attenuated.

摘要翻译： 限制器，用于通过在受激布里渊散射介质中产生斯托克斯波来限制所选频率分量。 所产生的斯托克斯波产生提供给另一个受激布里渊散射介质的种子。 种子选择要衰减的不需要的频率分量。

公开(公告)号：US06628849B2

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09848498

申请日：2001-05-03

申请人： Daniel Yap ,  Willie W. Ng

发明人： Daniel Yap ,  Willie W. Ng

IPC分类号： G02F1035

CPC分类号： G02F1/3136

摘要： An apparatus and method for photonically sampling an analog signal and encoding the photonically sampled signal. The two interferometer arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer section are directly coupled to the dual input ports of a directional coupler switch section. Optical pulses transmitted through the interferometer arms are phase shifted in proportion to an analog signal applied at the electrical input port of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer section. The phase-shifted pulses in each interferometer arm are coupled in the directional coupler switch section and are directed to the dual output ports of the directional switch section based upon the binary code applied to the electrical input port of the directional coupler switch section. The directional switch section has an optical length designed to provide a net phase shift of 3&pgr;/4.

公开(公告)号：US08334797B1

公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

申请号：US12763965

申请日：2010-04-20

申请人： Willie W. Ng ,  George C. Valley ,  George Anthony Sefler

发明人： Willie W. Ng ,  George C. Valley ,  George Anthony Sefler

IPC分类号： H03M1/00

CPC分类号： H03M1/1245 ,  G02F7/00 ,  H03M1/121

摘要： A method of performing analog to digital conversation of an analog signal Vin(t), the method including the steps of: utilizing both of the complementary arms of an electro-optic modulator to recover the analog input signal Vin(t), while using only one time-stretch element and one λ-demultiplexer after the electro-optic modulator. The single time-stretch element and one λ-demultiplexer serve to stretch and demultiplex the signals from both of the complementary output arms of the electro-optic modulator thereby improving and simplifying post-processing algorithms used to correct for static distortions and nonlinearities that originate from imperfect photonic hardware. Double-balanced photoreceivers are preferably coupled to outputs of the single λ-demultiplexer. The single time-stretch element is preferably implemented by a chirped fiber grating. Apparatus for carrying out the method is described.

摘要翻译： 一种执行模拟信号Vin（t）的模拟 - 数字会话的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：利用电光调制器的两个互补臂来恢复模拟输入信号Vin（t），同时仅使用 电光调制器后的一个时间拉伸元件和一个λ解复用器。 单个时间拉伸元件和一个λ解复用器用于对来自电光调制器的互补输出臂的信号进行拉伸和解复用，从而改进和简化用于校正静态失真和非线性的后处理算法 不完美的光子硬件。 双平衡光接收器优选地耦合到单个λ解复用器的输出。 单个时间拉伸元件优选地由啁啾光纤光栅实现。 描述用于执行该方法的装置。

公开(公告)号：US08331743B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-11

申请号：US12183064

申请日：2008-07-31

申请人： Willie W. Ng ,  Brian N. Limketkai ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Daniel Yap ,  Peter Petre

发明人： Willie W. Ng ,  Brian N. Limketkai ,  Robert R. Hayes ,  Daniel Yap ,  Peter Petre

IPC分类号： G02B6/12

CPC分类号： G02B6/12007 ,  G02B6/29343 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2203/15 ,  G02F2203/50

摘要： The present invention describes a microresonator that can be used as a 1:f variable coupler in a unit cell. It is described how a cascade of unit cells can be used to form a tunable, higher-order RF-filter with reconfigurable passbands. The disclosed filter structure can be utilized for the narrowband channelization of RF signals that have been modulated onto optical carriers. It is also disclosed how to utilize add/drop capabilities of the contemplated microdisks to confer connectivity and cascading in two dimensions. The present invention can conveniently provide a wavelength division multiplexing router, where an array of unit cells as provided herein can form a programmable optical switching matrix, through electronic programming of filter parameters.

摘要翻译： 本发明描述了可以在单位电池中用作1：f可变耦合器的微谐振器。 描述了如何使用级联的单元电池来形成具有可重新配置的通带的可调谐，高阶RF滤波器。 所公开的滤波器结构可用于已经调制到光载波上的RF信号的窄带信道化。 还公开了如何利用预期的微盘的添加/删除能力来赋予连接和级联的二维。 本发明可以方便地提供波分复用路由器，其中本文提供的单元阵列阵列可以通过滤波器参数的电子编程形成可编程光开关矩阵。

公开(公告)号：US07835600B1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-16

申请号：US12176071

申请日：2008-07-18

申请人： Daniel Yap ,  James H. Schaffner ,  Daniel F. Sievenpiper ,  Kevin Geary ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Daniel J. Gregoire ,  Joseph S. Colburn

发明人： Daniel Yap ,  James H. Schaffner ,  Daniel F. Sievenpiper ,  Kevin Geary ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Daniel J. Gregoire ,  Joseph S. Colburn

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G01R29/0885 ,  G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2001/212 ,  G02F2001/213 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  H01Q13/02

摘要： A method of and apparatus for modulating an optical carrier by an incident electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field propagates in a dielectric-filled transverse electromagnetic waveguide, At least one slice of an electro-optic material is disposed in the dielectric-filled transverse electromagnetic waveguide, the electro-optic material in the dielectric-filled transverse electromagnetic waveguide having at least one optical waveguide therein which has at least a major portion thereof guiding light in a direction orthogonal with respect to a direction in which the dielectric-filled transverse electromagnetic waveguide guides the incident electromagnetic field. Light is caused to propagate in the at least one optical waveguide in the at least one slice of an electro-optic material in the dielectric-filled transverse electromagnetic waveguide for modulation by the incident electromagnetic field.

摘要翻译： 一种通过入射电磁场调制光载波的方法和装置。 电磁场在介质填充的横向电磁波导中传播，至少一片电光材料设置在电介质填充的横向电磁波导中，电介质填充的横向电磁波导中的电光材料至少具有 其中一个光波导具有至少其主要部分，它在相对于介质填充的横向电磁波导引导入射电磁场的方向正交的方向上引导光。 导致光在电介质填充的横向电磁波导中的电光材料的至少一个切片中的至少一个光波导中传播，以通过入射电磁场进行调制。

公开(公告)号：US07725043B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-25

申请号：US10960159

申请日：2004-10-07

申请人： Willie W. Ng ,  David L. Persechini ,  Robert H. Buckley

发明人： Willie W. Ng ,  David L. Persechini ,  Robert H. Buckley

IPC分类号： H04B10/04 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H04B10/504 ,  H01S5/06817

摘要： A laser transmitter with a feedback control loop for minimizing noise. The novel laser transmitter includes a laser, an external reflector adapted to form an extended cavity to the laser, and a feedback control loop adapted to detect noise in the laser and in accordance therewith, adjust the optical phase of the extended cavity such that the noise is at a desired level. The optical phase of the extended cavity is adjusted by adjusting an operating parameter of the laser, such as its bias current. In an illustrative embodiment, the feedback control loop is adapted to compute the rate of change of the noise with respect to bias current and in accordance therewith, adjust the bias current of the laser such that relative intensity noise and interferometric intermodulation distortion are simultaneously minimized.

摘要翻译： 具有反馈控制回路的激光发射器，用于最小化噪声。 新颖的激光发射器包括激光器，适于形成到激光器的延伸空腔的外部反射器，以及适于检测激光器中的噪声的反馈控制回路，并且根据该激光器调节扩展腔体的光学相位，使得噪声 处于所需的水平。 通过调整激光器的工作参数（如偏置电流）来调节扩展腔的光学相位。 在说明性实施例中，反馈控制环路适于计算噪声相对于偏置电流的变化率，并且根据其调整激光器的偏置电流，使得相对强度噪声和干涉式互调失真同时最小化。