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    Compression-tuned bragg grating and laser
    12.
    发明授权
    Compression-tuned bragg grating and laser 有权
    压缩调谐布拉格光栅和激光

    公开(公告)号：US06229827B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

    申请号：US09456112

    申请日：1999-12-06

    申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Michael A. Davis ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： H01S310

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02F1/0128 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： A compression-tuned bragg grating includes a tunable optical element 20,600 which includes either an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube 20 or a large diameter waveguide grating 600 having a core and a wide cladding. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The tunable element 20,600 is axially compressed which causes a shift in the reflection wavelength of the grating 12 without buckling the element. The shape of the element may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber 10 or core 612 may be used. At least a portion of the element may be doped between a pair of gratings 150,152, to form a compression-tuned laser or the grating 12 orgratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB laser. Also, the element 20 may have an inner tapered region 22 or tapered (or fluted) sections 27. The compression may be done by a PZT, stepper motor or other actuator or fluid pressure.

    摘要翻译： 压缩调谐布拉格光栅包括可调谐光学元件20,600，其包括光纤10，其具有印刷在其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12，该布拉格光栅12被封装在玻璃毛细管20或大直径波导光栅600的至少一部分中 具有核心和广泛的包层。 光14入射到光栅12上，光16以反射波长lambd1反射。 可调谐元件20,600被轴向压缩，这导致光栅12的反射波长的偏移而不使元件弯曲。 元件的形状可以是其他几何形状（例如，“狗骨”形状）和/或可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤10或核612。 元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间，以形成压缩调谐的激光器，或者光栅12或格栅化器150,152可被构造为可调DFB激光器。 此外，元件20可以具有内锥形区域22或锥形（或凹槽）部分27.压缩可以由PZT，步进电动机或其他致动器或流体压力来实现。

    Pressure-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor
    13.
    发明授权
    Pressure-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor 有权
    压力隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06813013B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-11-02

    申请号：US10193876

    申请日：2002-07-12

    申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G01N2100

    CPC分类号： G01K11/3206 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01K5/52

    摘要： A pressure-isolated Bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical element, which includes an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating disposed therein. The Bragg grating is encased within and fused to at least a portion of an inner glass capillary tube, or comprises a large diameter waveguide grating having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating disposed therein, encased within an outer tube to form a chamber. An extended portion of the sensing element that has the grating therein extends inwardly into the chamber, which allows the grating to sense temperature changes but isolates the grating from external pressure. More than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the sensing element may be doped between a pair of gratings to form a temperature tuned laser, or the grating or gratings may be configured as a tunable DFB laser disposed in the sensing element.

    摘要翻译： 压力隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学元件，其包括其中布置有至少一个布拉格光栅的光纤。 布拉格光栅被封装在内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中并且熔合到内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中，或包括具有芯和宽包层并且具有设置在其中的光栅的大直径波导光栅，该光栅包围在外管内以形成室 。 其中具有光栅的感测元件的延伸部分向内延伸到腔室中，这允许光栅感测温度变化，但是将光栅与外部压力隔离。 可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。 感测元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅之间以形成温度调节的激光器，或者光栅或光栅可被配置为设置在感测元件中的可调DFB激光器。

    Temperature compensated optical device
    14.
    发明授权
    Temperature compensated optical device 有权
    温度补偿光学器件

    公开(公告)号：US06621957B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

    申请号：US09699940

    申请日：2000-10-30

    申请人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    发明人： James M. Sullivan ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Thomas W. Engel ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor MacDougall ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders ,  James S. Sirkis

    IPC分类号： G02B634

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/0218 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/1028

    摘要： A temperature compensated optical device includes a compression-tuned glass element 10 having a Bragg grating 12 therein, a compensating material spacer 26 and an end cap 28 all held within an outer shell 30. The element 10, end cap 28 and shell 30 are made of a material having a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), e.g., silica, quartz, etc. and the spacer 26 is made of a material having a higher CTE, e.g., metal, Pyrex®, ceramic, etc. The material and length L5 of the spacer 26 is selected to offset the upward grating wavelength shift due to temperature. As temperature rises, the spacer 26 expands faster than the silica structure causing a compressive strain to be exerted on the element 10, which shifts the wavelength of the grating 12 down to balance the intrinsic temperature induces wavelength shift up. As a result, the grating 12 wavelength is substantially unchanged over a wide temperature range. The element 10 includes either an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein encased within and fused to at least a portion of a glass capillary tube or a large diameter waveguide (or cane) with a grating 12 having a core 11 and a wide cladding, which does not buckle over a large range of compressive axial strains. The element may have a “dogbone” shape to amplify compressive strain on the grating 12. The device 8 may also be placed in an axially tunable system that allows the wavelength to be dynamically tuned while remaining athermal. In addition to a grating, the device may be an athermal laser, DFB laser, etc. Also, the entire device 8 may be all made of monolithic glass materials.

    摘要翻译： 温度补偿光学器件包括其中具有布拉格光栅12的压缩调谐玻璃元件10，补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28，所述补偿材料间隔件26和端盖28都保持在外壳30内。元件10，端帽28和壳体30被制成 具有低热膨胀系数（CTE）的材料，例如二氧化硅，石英等，并且间隔物26由具有较高CTE（例如金属，Pyrex，陶瓷等）的材料制成。 选择间隔件26的材料和长度L5以抵消由于温度引起的向上光栅波长偏移。 随着温度升高，间隔件26比二氧化硅结构膨胀得更快，导致施加在元件10上的压缩应变，其将光栅12的波长向下移动以平衡本征温度，从而引起波长向上移动。 结果，光栅12的波长在宽温度范围内基本上不变。 元件10包括具有至少一个布拉格光栅12的光纤，该光纤封装在玻璃毛细管或大直径波导（或甘蔗）的至少一部分内并与其融合，其中光栅12具有芯11和 宽的包层，其在大范围的压缩轴向应变下不扣合。 元件可以具有“狗骨”形状以放大光栅12上的压缩应变。器件8也可以放置在轴向可调谐系统中，其允许波长被动态调谐而保持不耐热。 除了光栅之外，该器件可以是无热激光器，DFB激光器等。此外，整个器件8可以全部由单片玻璃材料制成。

    Compression-tuned grating-based optical add/drop multiplexer
    15.
    发明授权
    Compression-tuned grating-based optical add/drop multiplexer 有权
    压缩调谐光栅光分插复用器

    公开(公告)号：US06633695B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-10-14

    申请号：US09800918

    申请日：2001-03-06

    申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G02B628

    CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02B6/29398 ,  H04J14/021

    摘要： A compression-tuned fiber Bragg grating based reconfigurable wavelength add/drop module has a compression force assembly and an all-glass Bragg grating compression unit having gratings spaced along an axis of compression. The compression force assembly responds to a control electronics signal containing information about a selected wavelength of a channel to be added to or dropped from an optical traffic signal, for providing a compression force applied along the axis of compression. The compression unit responds to the optical traffic signal and the compression force, for providing an all-glass Bragg grating compression unit optical signal having the selected wavelength of the channel to be added to or dropped from the optical traffic signal. The compression unit optical signal may include either the traffic with an added reflected channel(s), or a dropped reflected channel(s). The compression unit is a “dogbone” structure having either a glass tube with an optical fiber fused therein, or a single large diameter waveguide having a core. The core of the optical fiber or waveguide has the gratings spaced therein. The axis of compression is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the dogbone structure.

    摘要翻译： 基于压缩调谐光纤布拉格光栅的可重构波长加/减模块具有压缩组件和全玻璃布拉格光栅压缩单元，其具有沿压缩轴间隔开的光栅。 压缩力组件响应于控制电子信号，该控制电子信号包含关于要添加到或从光学交通信号中掉落的信道的选定波长的信息，以提供沿着压缩轴施加的压缩力。 压缩单元响应于光学交通信号和压缩力，用于提供具有要被添加到或从光学交通信号中掉落的信道的所选波长的全玻璃布拉格光栅压缩单元光信号。 压缩单元光信号可以包括具有附加反射信道的业务或者丢弃的反射信道。 压缩单元是具有熔合在其中的光纤的玻璃管或具有芯的单个大直径波导的“狗骨”结构。 光纤或波导的核心具有间隔开的光栅。 压缩轴线与狗骨架结构的纵向轴线平行

    Fluid diffusion resistant glass-encased fiber optic sensor
    16.
    发明授权
    Fluid diffusion resistant glass-encased fiber optic sensor 有权
    耐流体扩散玻璃纤维光纤传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06626043B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

    申请号：US09494417

    申请日：2000-01-31

    申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

    发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

    IPC分类号： G01L900

    CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025

    摘要： A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

    摘要翻译： 耐流体扩散的管封装的光纤光栅压力传感器包括一个光纤10，其中布置有布拉格光栅12，其被封装在诸如玻璃毛细管壳20之类的感测元件内。流体阻挡涂层30设置在外表面 的毛细管壳，以防止流体的扩散，例如水分子扩散到壳体中。 当传感器暴露在恶劣的条件下时，防止流体扩散的光纤传感器减少了由水扩散到壳体中引起的误差。

    Pressure-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor
    17.
    发明授权
    Pressure-isolated bragg grating temperature sensor 有权
    压力隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06452667B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

    申请号：US09456113

    申请日：1999-12-06

    申请人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    发明人： Mark R. Fernald ,  Timothy J. Bailey ,  Matthew B. Miller ,  James M. Sullivan ,  Richard T. Jones ,  Christopher J. Wright ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Martin A. Putnam ,  Robert N. Brucato ,  Paul E. Sanders

    IPC分类号： G01N2100

    CPC分类号： G01K11/3206 ,  G01D5/35316 ,  G01K5/52

    摘要： A pressure-isolated Bragg grating temperature sensor includes an optical element which includes an optical fiber having at least one Bragg grating disposed therein. The Bragg grating is encased within and fused to at least a portion of an inner glass capillary tube, or comprises a large diameter waveguide grating having a core and a wide cladding and having the grating disposed therein, encased within an outer tube to form a chamber. An extended portion of the sensing element that has the grating therein extends inwardly into the chamber which allows the grating to sense temperature changes but isolates the grating from external pressure. More than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than one fiber or optical core may be used. At least a portion of the sensing element may be doped between a pair of gratings to form a temperature tuned laser, or the grating or gratings may be configured as a tunable DFB laser disposed in the sensing element.

    摘要翻译： 压力隔离布拉格光栅温度传感器包括光学元件，该光学元件包括其中布置有至少一个布拉格光栅的光纤。 布拉格光栅被封装在内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中并且熔合到内玻璃毛细管的至少一部分中，或包括具有芯和宽包层并且具有设置在其中的光栅的大直径波导光栅，该光栅包围在外管内以形成室 。 具有光栅的感测元件的延伸部分向内延伸到腔室中，允许光栅感测温度变化，但是将光栅与外部压力隔离。 可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅，并且可以使用多于一个的光纤或光纤。 感测元件的至少一部分可以掺杂在一对光栅之间以形成温度调节的激光器，或者光栅或光栅可被配置为设置在感测元件中的可调DFB激光器。

    Fluid diffusion resistant glass-encased optical sensor
    18.
    发明授权
    Fluid diffusion resistant glass-encased optical sensor 有权
    防流体扩散玻璃封装的光学传感器

    公开(公告)号：US07036379B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-05-02

    申请号：US11104180

    申请日：2005-04-12

    申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

    发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

    IPC分类号： G01L9/00 ,  G01J1/34

    CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025

    摘要： A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

    摘要翻译： 耐流体扩散的管封装的光纤光栅压力传感器包括一个光纤10，其中布置有布拉格光栅12，该光纤被包封在诸如玻璃毛细管壳20之类的传感元件内。 流体阻挡涂层30设置在毛细管壳的外表面上，以防止诸如水分子之类的流体扩散到壳中。 当传感器暴露在恶劣的条件下时，防止流体扩散的光纤传感器减少了由水扩散到壳体中引起的误差。

    Fluid diffusion resistant glass-encased optical sensor
    19.
    发明授权
    Fluid diffusion resistant glass-encased optical sensor 有权
    防流体扩散玻璃封装的光学传感器

    公开(公告)号：US06877378B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-04-12

    申请号：US10427335

    申请日：2003-05-01

    申请人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

    发明人： Timothy J. Bailey ,  Mark R. Fernald ,  Alan D. Kersey ,  Trevor W. MacDougall ,  Martin A. Putnam

    IPC分类号： G01L1/24 ,  G01L9/00 ,  G01L11/02 ,  G01J1/34

    CPC分类号： G01L1/246 ,  G01L9/0077 ,  G01L11/025

    摘要： A fluid diffusion resistant tube-encased fiber grating pressure sensor includes an optical fiber 10 having a Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is encased within a sensing element, such as a glass capillary shell 20. A fluid blocking coating 30 is disposed on the outside surface of the capillary shell to prevent the diffusion of fluids, such as water molecules from diffusing into the shell. The fluid diffusion resistant fiber optic sensor reduces errors caused by the diffusion of water into the shell when the sensor is exposed to harsh conditions.

    摘要翻译： 耐流体扩散的管封装的光纤光栅压力传感器包括一个光纤10，其中布置有布拉格光栅12，其被封装在诸如玻璃毛细管壳20之类的感测元件内。流体阻挡涂层30设置在外表面 的毛细管壳，以防止流体的扩散，例如水分子扩散到壳体中。 当传感器暴露在恶劣的条件下时，防止流体扩散的光纤传感器减少了由水扩散到壳体中引起的误差。