公开(公告)号：US20080164459A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-10

申请号：US11762864

申请日：2007-06-14

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L29/06 ,  H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US07122735B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-17

申请号：US10185086

申请日：2002-06-28

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/058 ,  H01L31/06

CPC classification number: H01L33/06 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01L29/155 ,  H01L31/0304 ,  H01L31/0352 ,  H01S5/04 ,  H01S5/34333 ,  H01S2301/173 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: A method and apparatus that converts energy provided by a chemical reaction into energy for charging a quantum well device. The disclosed apparatus comprises a catalyst layer that catalyzes a chemical reaction and captures hot electrons and hot phonons generated by the chemical reaction, and an interface layer placed between the catalyst layer and a quantum well. The interface layer facilitates the transfer of hot electrons and hot phonons from the catalyst layer into the quantum well layer. The interface layer can also convert hot electrons into hot phonons, and vice versa, depending upon the needs of the particular quantum well device. Because the hot electrons and the hot phonons are unstable and readily degrade into heat energy, the dimensions of the catalyst layer and the interface layer are very small. To improve the efficiency of the transfer of hot electrons and hot phonons to the quantum well, other interface layers, such as a catalyst interlayer and a catalyst interface, may be utilized.

公开(公告)号：US06268560B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-31

申请号：US09589553

申请日：2000-06-07

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L3100

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: The use of newly discovered chemical reaction products, created when reactants combine to form products on the surface of a catalyst, to generate electricity, beams of radiation or mechanical motion. The invention also provides methods to convert the products into electricity or motion. The electric generator consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate consisting of a semiconductor diode, and a semiconductor diode on the surface of the substrate near the catalyst. The device to generate mechanical motion consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate, and a hydraulic fluid in contact with the non-reaction side of the substrate, with the surfaces of both the catalyst and substrate mechanically formed to enhance the unidirectional forces on the fluid. Both devices use a fuel-oxidizer mixture brought in contact with the catalyst. The apparatus converts a substantial fraction of the reaction product energy into useful work during the brief interval before such products equilibrate with their surroundings.

Abstract translation: 使用新发现的化学反应产物，当反应物结合形成催化剂表面上的产物时，产生电力，辐射束或机械运动。 本发明还提供了将产品转换成电或运动的方法。 发电机由催化剂纳米团簇，纳米层或量子阱组成，该纳米团簇由半导体二极管构成的衬底和位于催化剂附近的衬底表面上的半导体二极管构成。 用于产生机械运动的装置包括催化剂纳米簇，纳米层或量子阱放置在基底上，以及与基底的非反应侧接触的液压流体，其中催化剂和基底的表面机械地形成以增强 流体上的单向力。 两种装置都使用与催化剂接触的燃料 - 氧化剂混合物。 在这些产品与其周围环境平衡之前，该装置将大部分反应产物能量在短暂的间隔期间转化为有用的工作。

公开(公告)号：US06222116B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09589938

申请日：2000-06-07

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L3100

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: The use of newly discovered chemical reaction products, created when reactants combine to form products on the surface of a catalyst, to generate electricity, beams of radiation or mechanical motion. The invention also provides methods to convert the products into electricity or motion. The electric generator consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate consisting of a semiconductor diode, and a semiconductor diode on the surface of the substrate near the catalyst. The device to generate mechanical motion consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate, and a hydraulic fluid in contact with the non-reaction side of the substrate, with the surfaces of both the catalyst and substrate mechanically formed to enhance the unidirectional forces on the fluid. Both devices use a fuel-oxidizer mixture brought in contact with the catalyst. The apparatus converts a substantial fraction of the reaction product energy into useful work during the brief interval before such products equilibrate with their surroundings.

公开(公告)号：US20140130852A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-15

申请号：US14165492

申请日：2014-01-27

Applicant: Jawahar M. Gidwani ,  Anthony C. Zuppero

Inventor： Jawahar M. Gidwani ,  Anthony C. Zuppero

IPC: H02N11/00 ,  H01L29/66

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US08637339B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-28

申请号：US13336529

申请日：2011-12-23

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: G01R31/26 ,  H01L21/66 ,  H01L21/28 ,  H01L21/3205

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US08378207B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-19

申请号：US12650841

申请日：2009-12-31

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L35/30 ,  H02N11/00

CPC classification number: H01L29/66

Abstract: A method and system for using a method of pre-equilibrium ballistic charge carrier refraction comprises fabricating one or more solid-state electric generators. The solid-state electric generators include one or more of a chemically energized solid-state electric generator and a thermionic solid-state electric generator. A first material having a first charge carrier effective mass is used in a solid-state junction. A second material having a second charge carrier effective mass greater than the first charge carrier effective mass is used in the solid-state junction. A charge carrier effective mass ratio between the second effective mass and the first effective mass is greater than or equal to two.

Abstract translation: 使用预平衡弹道载流子折射的方法的方法和系统包括制造一个或多个固态发电机。 固态发电机包括化学激励固态发电机和热电子固态发电机中的一种或多种。 在固态结中使用具有第一电荷载体有效质量的第一材料。 在固态结中使用具有大于第一电荷载体有效质量的第二电荷载体有效质量的第二材料。 第二有效质量与第一有效质量之间的载流子有效质量比大于或等于2。

公开(公告)号：US20120094417A1

公开(公告)日：2012-04-19

申请号：US13336529

申请日：2011-12-23

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H01L31/18

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: An improved diode energy converter for chemical kinetic electron energy transfer is formed using nanostructures and includes identifiable regions associated with chemical reactions isolated chemically from other regions in the converter, a region associated with an area that forms energy barriers of the desired height, a region associated with tailoring the boundary between semiconductor material and metal materials so that the junction does not tear apart, and a region associated with removing heat from the semiconductor.

Abstract translation: 使用纳米结构形成用于化学动力学电子能量转移的改进的二极管能量转换器，并且包括与转化器中其他区域化学分离的化学反应相关联的可识别区域，与形成期望高度的能量屏障的区域相关联的区域， 可以调整半导体材料和金属材料之间的边界，使得结不会被撕裂，而与从半导体去除热量有关的区域。

公开(公告)号：US06916451B1

公开(公告)日：2005-07-12

申请号：US09631463

申请日：2000-08-03

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: B01J35/00 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H02N6/00 ,  H02N11/00 ,  B01J19/08 ,  C25B5/00 ,  H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  B01J35/0033 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02S99/00

Abstract: A method and apparatus to stimulate chemical reactions on a catalyst surface using electricity, and the reverse process to convert energy released from chemical reactions into electricity. A reversible emitter generates electrons which are injected into reactants on the catalyst surface, exciting chemically reactive vibrational resonances. Hot electrons created in the emitter region of a semiconductor junction diffuse to the co-located collector region and catalyst surface. Catalyst clusters or films bonded on the collector surface transfer the hot electrons to or from the catalyst surface having adsorbed reactants. The dimension of the catalyst-collector is less than the energy mean free path of hot electrons. The hot electrons excite reactant vibrations before thermalizing with the substrate lattice thereby accelerating reactions. The hot electrons are also generated by the same reactions on a catalyst surface. The method and apparatus is reversible and may be operated as an electric generator using chemical reactions.

Abstract translation: 使用电力来刺激催化剂表面上的化学反应的方法和装置，以及将从化学反应释放的能量转化成电的相反过程。 可逆发射极产生被注入到催化剂表面上的反应物中的电子，激发化学反应的振动共振。 在半导体结的发射极区域中产生的热电子扩散到共定位的集电极区域和催化剂表面。 结合在收集器表面上的催化剂簇或膜将热电子转移到具有吸附反应物的催化剂表面上或从具有吸附反应物的催化剂表面转移。 催化剂 - 集电器的尺寸小于热电子的能量平均自由程。 热电子在与衬底晶格热化之前激发反应物振动，从而加速反应。 热电子也通过在催化剂表面上的相同反应产生。 该方法和装置是可逆的并且可以作为使用化学反应的发电机操作。

公开(公告)号：US06700056B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-02

申请号：US10038257

申请日：2001-10-24

Applicant: Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

Inventor： Anthony C. Zuppero ,  Jawahar M. Gidwani

IPC: H02N100

CPC classification number: H02N11/002 ,  H01L29/66 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H02S99/00 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: The use of newly discovered chemical reaction products, created when reactants combine to form products on the surface of a catalyst, to generate electricity, beams of radiation or mechanical motion. The invention also provides methods to convert the products into electricity or motion. The electric generator consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate consisting of a semiconductor diode, and a semiconductor diode on the surface of the substrate near the catalyst. The device to generate mechanical motion consists of a catalyst nanocluster, nanolayer or quantum well placed on a substrate, and a hydraulic fluid in contact with the non-reaction side of the substrate, with the surfaces of both the catalyst and substrate mechanically formed to enhance the unidirectional forces on the fluid. Both devices use a fuel-oxidizer mixture brought in contact with the catalyst. The apparatus converts a substantial fraction of the reaction product energy into useful work during the brief interval before such products equilibrate with their surroundings.

Abstract translation: 使用新发现的化学反应产物，当反应物结合形成催化剂表面上的产物时，产生电力，辐射束或机械运动。 本发明还提供了将产品转换成电或运动的方法。 发电机由催化剂纳米团簇，纳米层或量子阱组成，该纳米团簇由半导体二极管构成的衬底和位于催化剂附近的衬底表面上的半导体二极管构成。 用于产生机械运动的装置包括催化剂纳米簇，纳米层或量子阱放置在基底上，以及与基底的非反应侧接触的液压流体，其中催化剂和基底的表面机械地形成以增强 流体上的单向力。 两种装置都使用与催化剂接触的燃料 - 氧化剂混合物。 在这些产品与其周围环境平衡之前，该装置将大部分反应产物能量在短暂的间隔期间转化为有用的工作。