摘要:
A process is provided for the production of lactones by the catalytic dehydrogenation of aliphatic diols containing from 3-7 carbon atoms and optionally one or more ether linkages in the diol chain. The reaction is conducted in the liquid phase with a copper chromite catalyst at a temperature of from about 150.degree.-250.degree. C. in the absence of added hydrogen, and preferably at reaction conditions where yields are about 99%.
摘要:
Solid compositions comprising water degradable oligomers of hydroxyacetic acid and lactic acid having molecular weights of 800-4000 and containing 40-60 mole percent hydroxyacetic acid. The compositions are useful as controlled release agents for chemicals, especially as a toilet bowl cleaning component. Optional ingredients include dyes, fragrances, filler materials, surfactants, algicides, pest control agents, quaternary ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.
摘要:
A process for chemical plating of nickel or cobalt onto materials otherwise noncatalytic to the plating baths by pretreating the materials with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or dimethylamine borane prior to chemical plating. Treating the material with an oxidizing agent prior to the pretreatment is also useful, especially for plating copper. The invention is particularly desirable for plating nickel onto copper conductor patterns on polymeric substrate circuit boards. The copper is plated with nickel, and the substrate is not.
摘要:
The depolymerization of poly(hydroxyacids) in a liquid medium is enhanced by the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound. Poly(hydroxyacid) polymers containing a quaternary ammonium salt are more readily depolymerized.
摘要:
Phenyl esters of substituted acids are prepared by a two-step process in which a phenol derivative is first treated with an acid halide to yield a phenyl ester intermediate, and the intermediate is reacted with an appropriate nucleophile.
摘要:
This invention relates to a composition and method of temporarily reducing the permeability of subterranean formations penetrated by a wellbore. In particular, it relates to an inexpensive, low molecular weight condensation product of hydroxy acetic acid with itself or compounds containing other hydroxy-, carboxylic-acid-, or hydroxycarboxylic-acid moieties and method for preventing fluid loss during well treatment.
摘要:
In the process of preparing substituted formamides by the catalytic oxidation of substituted tertiary amines, in which a metal halide catalyst is used in conjunction with an alkali metal halide corrosion inhibitor, pitting of equipment can be inhibited by including in the reaction medium a primary alkylamine, urea or a substituted urea, or thiourea or a substituted thiourea.
摘要:
Substituted formamides are prepared by the catalytic oxidation of substituted tertiary amines, in which the catalyst is a metal halide used in conjunction with an alkali metal halide or ammonium halide.
摘要:
A melt oxychlorination process which produces trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene by chlorinating C.sub.2 hydrocarbons and their incompletely chlorinated derivatives containing at least 50% by weight of 1,1,2-trichloroethane, dichloroethylene, or both together, with a melt consisting essentially of iron chloride, copper chloride and alkali metal chloride by dispersing the material to be chlorinated in the melt whereby said material is chlorinated by the melt, wherein certain alkali metal chlorides, proportions thereof, and process conditions are utilized to provide desired product selectivity.