X-RAY DETECTION IN PACKAGING
    12.
    发明申请
    X-RAY DETECTION IN PACKAGING 有权
    包装中的X射线检测

    公开(公告)号:US20090232276A1

    公开(公告)日:2009-09-17

    申请号:US12370540

    申请日:2009-02-12

    CPC classification number: G01N23/20

    Abstract: Angle dispersive X-ray diffraction is used to test pharmaceutical products including a dosage form inside packaging, for example a tablet inside a blister pack, without removing the dosage form from the packaging. The dosage form is aligned with a measurement system having an X-ray source for generating X-rays, X-ray optics, and an X-ray detector for detection of X-rays. Then, at least one X-ray signature is measured on a predetermined location on the dosage form. The measured X-ray signature is compared with reference X-ray signatures in a data library.

    Abstract translation: 角度分散X射线衍射用于测试药品,包括包装内的剂型,例如泡罩包装内的片剂,而不从包装中取出剂型。 剂型与具有用于产生X射线的X射线源,X射线光学元件和用于检测X射线的X射线检测器的测量系统对准。 然后,在剂型上的预定位置上测量至少一个X射线签名。 将测量的X射线签名与数据库中的参考X射线签名进行比较。

    Apparatus for radiation analysis with a variable collimator
    13.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for radiation analysis with a variable collimator 有权
    用可变准直仪辐射分析的装置

    公开(公告)号:US06444993B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-09-03

    申请号:US09621524

    申请日:2000-07-21

    Applicant: Vladimir Kogan

    Inventor: Vladimir Kogan

    CPC classification number: G01N23/20 G01N23/223 G01N2223/076

    Abstract: In apparatus for radiation analysis, for example, X-ray spectrometers, the aperture angle of the analysing radiation beam 45 is often desired to vary during the measuring process. The aperture angle of the radiation beam is determined, for example, by the length of the collimating elements 46, 60 in the collimator. In accordance with the invention, this is achieved by displacing or rotating the collimator through the radiation beam 45, so that the collimating element length L exposed to the radiation beam can be varied in consequence. A collimator comprising rectangular plates 46 (Soller collimator) can be rotated around a shaft 50 perpendicular to the plates, or a collimator comprising X-ray fibres 60 can be arranged with varying fibre lengths and displace them through the radiation beam transversely to the longitudinal direction of the fibres.

    Abstract translation: 在用于辐射分析的装置中,例如,X射线光谱仪,分析辐射束45的孔径角通常期望在测量过程中变化。 辐射束的孔径角例如由准直仪中的准直元件46,60的长度确定。 根据本发明,这通过使准直器通过辐射束45移位或旋转来实现,使得暴露于辐射束的准直元件长度L因此可以变化。 包括矩形板46(Soller准直器)的准直器可以围绕垂直于板的轴50旋转,或者包括X射线纤维60的准直器可以以不同的光纤长度布置,并且将它们横向于纵向方向 的纤维。

    System and Method for Geothermal Power Generation Using a Closed-Loop of Liquid having Low Boiling Temperature

    公开(公告)号:US20200277880A1

    公开(公告)日:2020-09-03

    申请号:US16290912

    申请日:2019-03-03

    Abstract: Systems and methods for geothermal power generation using a closed-loop of liquid having low boiling temperature. A system for generating electricity includes: a storage tank to store a specific liquid, which has a boiling point of under 90 degrees Celsius; a closed-loop pipe sub-system, which penetrates underground to a depth of between 1,000 to 2,500 meters, and transports therein the specific liquid downwardly underground and then upwardly back towards ground level, and causes at least a portion of the specific liquid to boil underground due to proximity to a natural geothermal heat source; at least one turbine associated with an electric power generator, connected above ground level to the closed-loop pipe sub-system, to receive steam that results in from underground boiling of the specific liquid, to pass the steam through the turbine, and to generate electric power through the electric power generator

    X-ray detection in packaging
    16.
    发明授权
    X-ray detection in packaging 有权
    包装中的X射线检测

    公开(公告)号:US07756248B2

    公开(公告)日:2010-07-13

    申请号:US12370540

    申请日:2009-02-12

    CPC classification number: G01N23/20

    Abstract: Angle dispersive X-ray diffraction is used to test pharmaceutical products including a dosage form inside packaging, for example a tablet inside a blister pack, without removing the dosage form from the packaging. The dosage form is aligned with a measurement system having an X-ray source for generating X-rays, X-ray optics, and an X-ray detector for detection of X-rays. Then, at least one X-ray signature is measured on a predetermined location on the dosage form. The measured X-ray signature is compared with reference X-ray signatures in a data library.

    Abstract translation: 角度分散X射线衍射用于测试药品,包括包装内的剂型,例如泡罩包装内的片剂,而不从包装中取出剂型。 剂型与具有用于产生X射线的X射线源,X射线光学元件和用于检测X射线的X射线检测器的测量系统对准。 然后,在剂型上的预定位置上测量至少一个X射线签名。 将测量的X射线签名与数据库中的参考X射线签名进行比较。

    X-ray diffraction equipment for X-ray scattering
    17.
    发明授权
    X-ray diffraction equipment for X-ray scattering 有权
    用于X射线散射的X射线衍射设备

    公开(公告)号:US07542547B2

    公开(公告)日:2009-06-02

    申请号:US12014437

    申请日:2008-01-15

    Applicant: Vladimir Kogan

    Inventor: Vladimir Kogan

    CPC classification number: G01N23/20025 G01N23/201 G01N23/207

    Abstract: An X-ray scattering chamber 12 includes a housing 14 that may be mounted in X-ray diffraction equipment between an X-ray source 2 and an X-ray detector 4, for example on goniometer arm 6. The housing 14 includes sample holder 16 and beam conditioning optics 22,24, but the system also makes use of primary optics 10 outside the housing. The equipment is suitable for SAXS and/or SAXS-WAXS.

    Abstract translation: X射线散射室12包括壳体14,其可以安装在X射线衍射设备之间,例如在测角器臂6上的X射线源2和X射线检测器4之间。壳体14包括样品保持器16 和光束调节光学器件22,24,但是该系统还利用壳体外的主要光学器件10。 该设备适用于SAXS和/或SAXS-WAXS。

    X-ray analysis apparatus provided with a multilayer mirror and an exit collimator
    18.
    发明授权
    X-ray analysis apparatus provided with a multilayer mirror and an exit collimator 有权
    具有多层反射镜和出射准直仪的X射线分析装置

    公开(公告)号:US06704390B2

    公开(公告)日:2004-03-09

    申请号:US09862287

    申请日:2001-05-22

    Applicant: Vladimir Kogan

    Inventor: Vladimir Kogan

    CPC classification number: G01N23/223 G01N2223/076

    Abstract: The parallel radiation (12) emanating from a sample 4 in a known apparatus for X-ray analysis (for example, for diffraction) is analyzed according to wavelength and focused in a focus 20 by a parabolic multilayer mirror 14. A collimator 28 is positioned around said focus. The resolution of the apparatus can be enhanced by making the angular passage width of the collimator smaller than the maximum range of its reflection angle &agr;max. In accordance with the invention the resolution of the apparatus will be better defined and hence enhanced by implementing the exit collimator 28 in such a way that the angular value for the passage width from every reflecting point A or B of the mirror surface is substantially independent of the position of the reflecting points. Preferably, the exit collimator 28 is implemented in the form of two mutually parallel knife edges which are situated at different distances from the reflecting points of the multilayer mirror.

    Abstract translation: 在已知的用于X射线分析的装置(例如,用于衍射)中从样品4发出的平行辐射(12)根据波长被分析并且通过抛物面多层反射镜14聚焦在焦点20中。准直器28被定位 围绕着焦点。 可以通过使准直仪的角通道宽度小于其反射角度的最大范围来提高装置的分辨率。 根据本发明,通过实现出口准直器28,使得来自镜面的每个反射点A或B的通道宽度的角度值基本上与 反射点的位置。 优选地,出口准直器28以与多层反射镜的反射点不同的距离处的两个相互平行的刀刃的形式实现。

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