公开(公告)号：US5637809A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-10

申请号：US456650

申请日：1995-06-02

申请人： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

发明人： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N33/00 ,  B01L7/00

CPC分类号： G01N1/2258 ,  G01N33/0011 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2001/2264 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： A gas sampling system utilizes small sample vacuum transport to reduce the dew point of the sample. A vacuum pump maintains a substantial vacuum on the sampling system causing a sample, drawn at a rate less than a liter per minute, to be drawn and transported under partial vacuum for analysis. A dryer can be placed near the sampling probe to further reduce the dew point prior to the vacuum transport. The dew point of the sample is affected by both the dryer and the degree of vacuum transporting the gas mixture. As such, the dew point can be varied indefinitely by any reasonable combination of moisture removal by the dryer and vacuum pump strength.

摘要翻译： 气体采样系统利用小样品真空输送来降低样品的露点。 真空泵在采样系统上维持真实的真空，使得以小于每分钟一升的速率拉伸的样品在部分真空下被拉伸和运输用于分析。 干燥器可以放置在采样探头附近，以进一步降低真空运输前的露点。 样品的露点受干燥器和真空输送气体混合物的程度的影响。 因此，通过干燥器除去湿气和真空泵强度的任何合理的组合，露点可以无限期地变化。

公开(公告)号：US5458010A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

申请号：US218563

申请日：1994-03-28

申请人： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

发明人： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G05D11/03 ,  B01L7/00

CPC分类号： G01N1/2258 ,  G01N33/0011 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G05D11/03 ,  G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2001/2264 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： A gas sampling system utilizing a pair of parallel sonic orifices. One of the orifices is connected to a source of filtered, heated samples. The second, larger orifice is connected to a source of dilution gas. A vacuum pump maintains a substantial vacuum behind the orifices, thus assuring critical flow therethrough. The sample and diffusion gas are mixed behind the orifices and transported under partial vacuum for analysis. The dew point of the sample is affected by both the ratio of the diameter of orifices and the degree of vacuum transporting the gas mixture. As such, the dew point can be varied indefinitely by any reasonable combination of orifice ratio and vacuum pump strength.

摘要翻译： 采用一对平行声波孔的气体采样系统。 其中一个孔连接到过滤的加热样品源。 第二个更大的孔连接到稀释气体源。 真空泵在孔之后保持相当的真空，从而确保通过其中的临界流。 将样品和扩散气体混合在孔的后面并在部分真空下运输用于分析。 样品的露点受到孔直径与输送气体混合物的真空度的影响。 因此，露点可以通过孔径比和真空泵强度的任何合理的组合而无限地变化。

公开(公告)号：US5317930A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-07

申请号：US762319

申请日：1991-09-18

申请人： James B. Wedding

发明人： James B. Wedding

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24

CPC分类号： G01N1/2273 ,  G01N1/2205 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： A constant flow rate controller apparatus for an aerosol sampler using a filter includes an enclosed channel for channeling a stream of air, a filter positioned in the channel to capture and retain particles while allowing the stream of air to flow therethrough, an air or vacuum pump to pull the air through the filter, and a flow controller that maintains a constant volumetric flow rate of air through the sampler and filter, regardless of how much particulate matter is deposited on the filter or how much pressure drop across the filter changes due to particulate loading. The filter can be a substantially non-fibrous, porous, this film membrane medium, for which the flow controller of this invention is particularly beneficial, or it can be a more conventional fibrous medium. The flow controller can include a critical or choked flow orifice with a variable effective flow area, which effective flow area can be varied in response to changes in pressure drop across the filter to maintain constant volumetric flow rate. An expandable and contractible bellows with an appropriate spring constant can be used to both sense changes in air pressure drop across the filter or changes in stagnation pressure downstream of the filter and to actuate a variation in the effective flow area of the orifice in response to such changes in air pressure to maintain constant volumetric flow rate of the air. The air or vacuum pump has to have enough capacity to maintain critical or choked flow conditions in the orifice.

摘要翻译： 用于使用过滤器的气溶胶采样器的恒定流量控制器装置包括用于引导空气流的封闭通道，位于通道中的过滤器，以捕获并保持颗粒，同时允许空气流通过其中;空气或真空泵 通过过滤器拉动空气，以及流量控制器，其通过采样器和过滤器保持空气的恒定体积流量，而不管颗粒物质沉积在过滤器上多少，或者过滤器上的压降多少由于颗粒物而变化 加载。 过滤器可以是基本上非纤维状的，多孔的这种薄膜介质，本发明的流量控制器特别有益，或者它可以是更传统的纤维介质。 流量控制器可以包括具有可变有效流动面积的临界或扼流流量孔口，该有效流动面积可以响应于过滤器上的压降的变化而变化以保持恒定的体积流量。 可以使用具有适当弹簧常数的可膨胀和可收缩的波纹管来检测过滤器上的空气压降的变化或者过滤器下游的停滞压力的变化，并响应于这种情况致动孔口的有效流动面积的变化 空气压力变化以保持空气的恒定体积流量。 空气或真空泵必须具有足够的能力来保持孔口中的临界或壅塞的流动状况。

公开(公告)号：US5214956A

公开(公告)日：1993-06-01

申请号：US597122

申请日：1990-10-15

申请人： Sze-Foo Chien

发明人： Sze-Foo Chien

IPC分类号： G01N1/24 ,  G01N25/60

CPC分类号： G01N25/60 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： Steam quality is determined by taking a sample of the steam and measuring the steam pressure and the rate of condensate of the sampled steam.

摘要翻译： 蒸汽质量通过取样蒸汽并测量蒸汽压力和采样蒸汽冷凝物的速率来确定。

公开(公告)号：US5058440A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-22

申请号：US577226

申请日：1990-09-04

申请人： Russell R. Graze, Jr.

发明人： Russell R. Graze, Jr.

IPC分类号： G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N15/06

CPC分类号： G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/38 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： A gas sampling device includes a dilution tunnel of particularly effective construction that reduces contamination or soiling of the ducting leading to a filter assembly and improves the accuracy of the results. The gas sampling device has a sampling probe disposable in the gas stream of an engine or the like, and a controlled source of clean and pressurized diluent air. The dilution tunnel includes an air distribution tube defining a plurality of distribution holes therethrough, a collar defining a first annular chamber about the air distribution tube that is connected to the air source, and a porous center tube having a plurality of micron-sized pores connected between the sampling probe and the filter assembly. A second annular chamber is defined between both tubes, and the diluent air supplied thereto is uniformly passed through the porous center tube to effect good mixing of the exhaust gas and diluent air while providing a boundary layer of diluent air that keeps the center tube clean. An alternate embodiment gas sampling device employing master and slave mass flow controllers is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 气体采样装置包括具有特别有效结构的稀释通道，其减少导致过滤器组件的管道的污染或污染，并提高结果的准确性。 气体采样装置具有在发动机等的气流中一次性使用的采样探针，以及清洁和加压的稀释空气的受控源。 稀释通道包括限定穿过其中的多个分配孔的空气分配管，限定连接到空气源的空气分配管周围的第一环形室的轴环和连接有多个微米尺寸孔的多孔中心管 在采样探头和过滤器组件之间。 在两个管之间限定第二环形室，并且供应到其中的稀释空气均匀地通过多孔中心管，以实现废气和稀释空气的良好混合，同时提供使中心管清洁的稀释空气的边界层。 还公开了采用主从质量流量控制器的替代实施例气体采样装置。

公开(公告)号：US4427305A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-24

申请号：US282462

申请日：1981-07-13

申请人： Albert G. Plys ,  Thorpe Dresser ,  Stanley Ohlswager ,  Lee G. Peterman

发明人： Albert G. Plys ,  Thorpe Dresser ,  Stanley Ohlswager ,  Lee G. Peterman

IPC分类号： C10G7/12 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N33/28 ,  G01N25/14

CPC分类号： G01N33/2823 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： Disclosed is an analyzer for determining volatile composition changes of a distillable material which comprises: (a) a first device for causing at least a portion of said material to be at a temperature and at a pressure so that a difference in temperature of said portion of said material across an isenthalpic expansion at critical flow conditions would be at least about 5.degree. F.; (b) a second device for carrying out said isenthalpic expansion on said at least a portion of said material; (c) a third device for measuring at least two temperatures of said material where said at least two temperatures are a first and a second temperature, said first temperature being measured upstream of said expansion and said second temperature being measured downstream from said expansion; and (d) a fourth device for maintaining pressure downstream of said expansion to a value which does not vary by an amount in excess of about 20% of said pressure downstream of said expansion. The disclosed analyzer can be used in conjunction with equipment useful for processing distillable material into various boiling fractions. Disclosed also is a particular application for the analyzer in an online configuration for refining of petroleum crudes.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定可蒸馏材料的挥发性组成变化的分析器，其包括：（a）第一装置，用于使所述材料的至少一部分处于温度和压力下，使得所述部分的温度差 在临界流动条件下穿过等焓膨胀的所述材料将为至少约5°F; （b）用于在所述材料的所述至少一部分上进行所述等焓膨胀的第二装置; （c）用于测量所述材料的至少两个温度的第三装置，其中所述至少两个温度是第一和第二温度，所述第一温度在所述膨胀的上游被测量，所述第二温度在所述膨胀的下游被测量; 和（d）用于将所述膨胀下游的压力维持在不超过所述膨胀下游的所述压力的约20％的量的值的第四装置。 所公开的分析仪可以与用于将可蒸馏材料加工成各种沸腾馏分的设备结合使用。 还公开了用于精炼石油原油的在线配置中的分析仪的特定应用。

公开(公告)号：US3699814A

公开(公告)日：1972-10-24

申请号：US3699814D

申请日：1972-03-09

申请人： PHILCO FORD CORP

发明人： KAUFMAN WARREN F

IPC分类号： F01N7/00 ,  F01N3/00 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24

CPC分类号： G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/244

摘要： Apparatus for sampling gaseous exhaust emissions, on a constant flow basis. A centrifugal type extractor pump is used to draw gas through a critical flow venturi of predetermined flow rate. Exhaust emissions are diluted with air and the critical flow venturi acts as a constant volume flow device serving a metering function. Samples are taken and collected continuously during the test run, and are available to be analyzed for contaminants such for example as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen.

摘要翻译： 用于以恒定流量为基础对气体废气排放进行取样的装置。 使用离心式抽取泵将气体通过预定流量的临界流量文丘里管。 废气排放用空气稀释，临界流量文丘里管作为衡量功能的恒定体积流量装置。 在试运行期间连续采集和收集样品，并且可用于分析污染物，例如烃，一氧化碳和氮氧化物。

公开(公告)号：US08800383B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-12

申请号：US13392057

申请日：2010-08-24

申请人： Thomas Bates

发明人： Thomas Bates

IPC分类号： G01F1/42

CPC分类号： G01N1/24 ,  G01F1/363 ,  G01N1/2273 ,  G01N15/06 ,  G01N2001/2223 ,  G01N2001/244 ,  G01N2001/245

摘要： Provided are devices and methods for monitoring flow rate in aerosol particle counters. The particle sensor has a particle counter, a flow measurement orifice comprising a differential pressure sensor for measuring differential pressure (DP) across the flow measurement orifice during particle sensor operation and a critical flow orifice. A vacuum source pulls ambient gas through each of the particle counter, flow measurement orifice and critical flow orifice. An atmospheric pressure sensor measures atmospheric pressure (AP) and a bench pressure sensor measures pressure in the particle sensor (BP). The output from the sensors is used to identify a flow condition, such as by a monitor operably connected to each of the differential pressure sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor and bench pressure sensor. In this manner, deviation in flow rate from a target flow rate is readily monitored without the need for expensive sensors or other flow-controlling components.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于监测气溶胶粒子计数器中的流量的装置和方法。 颗粒传感器具有颗粒计数器，流量测量孔包括用于在颗粒传感器操作期间测量流量测量孔上的差压（DP）的差压传感器和临界流量孔。 真空源通过每个颗粒计数器，流量测量孔和临界流量孔吸引环境气体。 大气压力传感器测量大气压（AP），而台式压力传感器测量颗粒传感器（BP）中的压力。 来自传感器的输出用于识别流动状况，例如通过可操作地连接到差压传感器，大气压力传感器和台式压力传感器中的每一个的监视器。 以这种方式，流量与目标流量的偏差在不需要昂贵的传感器或其他流量控制部件的情况下容易地被监视。

公开(公告)号：US20120222495A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-06

申请号：US13392057

申请日：2010-08-24

申请人： Thomas Bates

发明人： Thomas Bates

IPC分类号： G01F1/42

CPC分类号： G01N1/24 ,  G01F1/363 ,  G01N1/2273 ,  G01N15/06 ,  G01N2001/2223 ,  G01N2001/244 ,  G01N2001/245

摘要： Provided are devices and methods for monitoring flow rate in aerosol particle counters. The particle sensor has a particle counter, a flow measurement orifice comprising a differential pressure sensor for measuring differential pressure (DP) across the flow measurement orifice during particle sensor operation and a critical flow orifice. A vacuum source pulls ambient gas through each of the particle counter, flow measurement orifice and critical flow orifice. An atmospheric pressure sensor measures atmospheric pressure (AP) and a bench pressure sensor measures pressure in the particle sensor (BP). The output from the sensors is used to identify a flow condition, such as by a monitor operably connected to each of the differential pressure sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor and bench pressure sensor. In this manner, deviation in flow rate from a target flow rate is readily monitored without the need for expensive sensors or other flow-controlling components.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于监测气溶胶粒子计数器中的流量的装置和方法。 颗粒传感器具有颗粒计数器，流量测量孔包括用于在颗粒传感器操作期间测量流量测量孔上的差压（DP）的差压传感器和临界流量孔。 真空源通过每个颗粒计数器，流量测量孔和临界流量孔吸引环境气体。 大气压力传感器测量大气压（AP），而台式压力传感器测量颗粒传感器（BP）中的压力。 来自传感器的输出用于识别流动状况，例如通过可操作地连接到差压传感器，大气压力传感器和台式压力传感器中的每一个的监视器。 以这种方式，流量与目标流量的偏差在不需要昂贵的传感器或其他流量控制部件的情况下容易地被监视。

公开(公告)号：US20070023644A1

公开(公告)日：2007-02-01

申请号：US11471093

申请日：2006-06-19

申请人： Eric Gard ,  Vincent Riot ,  Keith Coffee ,  Bruce Woods ,  Herbert Tobias ,  Jim Birch ,  Todd Weisgraber

发明人： Eric Gard ,  Vincent Riot ,  Keith Coffee ,  Bruce Woods ,  Herbert Tobias ,  Jim Birch ,  Todd Weisgraber

IPC分类号： H01J49/00

CPC分类号： G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/22 ,  G01N2001/2223 ,  G01N2001/244 ,  G01N2015/0026 ,  G01N2015/0046

摘要： A pressure-flow reducer, and an aerosol focusing system incorporating such a pressure-flow reducer, for performing high-flow, atmosphere-pressure sampling while delivering a tightly focused particle beam in vacuum via an aerodynamic focusing lens stack. The pressure-flow reducer has an inlet nozzle for adjusting the sampling flow rate, a pressure-flow reduction region with a skimmer and pumping ports for reducing the pressure and flow to enable interfacing with low pressure, low flow aerosol focusing devices, and a relaxation chamber for slowing or stopping aerosol particles. In this manner, the pressure-flow reducer decouples pressure from flow, and enables aerosol sampling at atmospheric pressure and at rates greater than 1 liter per minute.

摘要翻译： 一种压力减流器和一种包含这种压力减流器的气溶胶聚焦系统，用于在通过空气动力学聚焦透镜叠层在真空中输送紧密聚焦的粒子束的同时执行高流量大气压力采样。 压力减流器具有用于调节采样流量的入口喷嘴，具有撇渣器的压力流动减少区域和用于减小压力和流量的泵送端口，使得能够与低压，低流量气溶胶聚焦装置进行接口以及松弛 用于减缓或停止气溶胶颗粒的室。 以这种方式，压力流减少器将压力与流动分离，并且能够在大气压力和大于每分钟1升的速率下进行气溶胶取样。