公开(公告)号：US06727492B1

公开(公告)日：2004-04-27

申请号：US09759729

申请日：2001-01-12

Applicant: Jun Ye ,  John L. Hall

Inventor： Jun Ye ,  John L. Hall

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/39

Abstract: An ac technique for cavity ringdown spectroscopy permits 1×10−10 absorption sensitivity with microwatt light power. Two cavity modes are provided temporally out of phase such that when one mode is decaying, the other mode is rising. When one of the modes probes intra-cavity absorption of a sample gas, heterodyne detection between the two modes reveals dynamic time constants associated with the cavity and the cavity plus intra-cavity absorption. The system and method provides a quick comparison between on-resonance and off-resonance modes and enables sensitivities that approach the shot-noise limit.

Abstract translation: 空穴沉降光谱的交流技术允许使用微瓦光功率获得1×10 -10的吸收灵敏度。 两个空腔模式在时间上相位提供，使得当一个模式衰减时，另一个模式正在上升。 当其中一种模式探测样品气体的腔内吸收时，两种模式之间的外差检测显示与腔和腔加腔内吸收相关的动态时间常数。 该系统和方法提供了一个快速比较的共振和非共振模式，并使敏感度接近射击噪声极限。

公开(公告)号：US06710327B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-23

申请号：US09872895

申请日：2001-06-04

Applicant: Mohammad Javaid Arshad ,  Alan D. Berger ,  Daniel L. Maierhafer ,  Danley C. Chan

Inventor： Mohammad Javaid Arshad ,  Alan D. Berger ,  Daniel L. Maierhafer ,  Danley C. Chan

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: F15B15/2876

Abstract: A hydraulic actuator is disclosed having a cylinder with a piston that is moved by hydraulic fluid. A laser diode emits a pulse or pulses of light that form laser light beam. These pulses are provided to two or more optical fibers that extend into two or more corresponding cylinders. For each of these cylinders, the optical fiber enters the cylinder at one end of the cylinder and directs a laser beam into the cylinder, and off the piston where the beam is reflected. The reflected beam then exits the cylinder through at least two corresponding optical fibers disposed on either side of the fiber that conducted the light into the cylinder. Each of the optical fibers that receives reflected light is joined together with the others of the optical fibers into one fiber that carries the reflected beam of light to a photo-diode located remote from the cylinder. Each of the photo diodes for each of the two or more cylinders has a corresponding photo diode amplifier. The output of these amplifiers are coupled together and provided to a pulse expansion circuit. The timing circuit that generates the pulse that triggers the laser diode also generates gate pulses for each of the photo diode amplifiers. These gate signals suppress the output of all but one of the photo diode amplifiers. In this manner, the pulse expansion circuit and phase comparator circuits that receive the photo diode amplifier signals will generate an output signal indicative of the time-of-flight of the laser light pulse in only one cylinder at a time. This permits the system to select a specific cylinder and generate a signal indicative of the position of the piston within the cylinder: the time-of-flight of the laser light pulse.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种液压致动器，其具有带有通过液压流体移动的活塞的气缸。 激光二极管发射形成激光束的脉冲或脉冲。 这些脉冲被提供给延伸到两个或更多个相应气缸中的两个或更多个光纤。 对于这些气缸中的每一个，光纤在气缸的一端进入气缸，并将激光束引导到气缸中，并从激光束反射出活塞。 反射光束然后通过设置在光纤的任一侧上的至少两个对应的光纤离开圆筒，该光纤将光导入圆筒。 接收反射光的每个光纤与其他光纤连接在一起，将一个光纤传送到远离气缸的光电二极管。 两个或多个气缸中的每一个的每个光电二极管具有相应的光电二极管放大器。 这些放大器的输出端耦合在一起并提供给脉冲扩展电路。 产生触发激光二极管的脉冲的定时电路也为每个光电二极管放大器产生栅极脉冲。 这些栅极信号抑制除了一个光电二极管放大器之外的所有输出。 以这种方式，接收光电二极管放大器信号的脉冲扩展电路和相位比较器电路将一次产生一个表示激光脉冲在一个气缸中的飞行时间的输出信号。 这允许系统选择特定的气缸并产生指示活塞在气缸内的位置的信号：激光脉冲的飞行时间。

公开(公告)号：US06700657B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-02

申请号：US10143424

申请日：2002-05-10

Applicant: Mark E. Southwood

Inventor： Mark E. Southwood

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01B11/303 ,  G01J2001/0481

Abstract: A method for characterizing a surface are disclosed. The system includes a light source optic which direct a beam of light toward the surface. Scattered light and a spectacular beam are reflected from the surface. A collector collects the scattered light and directs the scattered light to a detector. The detector measures the intensity of the scattered light. A shutter is advanced into position to intersect the scattered light and to block a segment not having substantially any anisotropic light scatter. The shutter further passes another segment having substantially all of the anisotropic light scatter. The detector measures the intensity of the passed segment. A roughness ratio indicative of the anisotropic roughness to the isotropic roughness is produced by evaluating the total intensity of the scattered light and the intensity of the passed segment.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于表征表面的方法。 该系统包括将光束引向表面的光源光学器件。 散射光和壮观的光束从表面反射。 收集器收集散射光并将散射光引导到检测器。 检测器测量散射光的强度。 快门进入位置以与散射光相交并且阻挡不具有基本上任何各向异性光散射的段。 快门进一步通过具有基本上所有各向异性光散射的另一段。 检测器测量通过的段的强度。 通过评估散射光的总强度和通过的段的强度，产生表示各向异性粗糙度与各向同性粗糙度的粗糙度比。

公开(公告)号：US06677576B1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-13

申请号：US09787523

申请日：2001-05-11

Applicant: Robert P. Kenny ,  Maurice P. Whelan ,  Alfredo C. Lucia ,  Conleth D. Hussey ,  Paul F. O'Sullivan ,  Elaine M. O'Brien

Inventor： Robert P. Kenny ,  Maurice P. Whelan ,  Alfredo C. Lucia ,  Conleth D. Hussey ,  Paul F. O'Sullivan ,  Elaine M. O'Brien

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01D5/35345 ,  A61B5/02154 ,  A61B5/031 ,  A61B5/6856 ,  G02B6/2835 ,  G02B2006/12138

Abstract: Sensors and sensing apparatus are described, based on fused tapered fiber optic couplers with the taper waist portion formed into a loop or cleaved to provide a reflecting end. Light is typically input to the taper waist portion along a single input fiber, and bending of the loop or cleaved taper waist portion causes changes in the coupling ratio between the output fibers. The taper waist portion may be formed into a loop with a small bend radius without loss, and sensors embodying the claimed invention are particularly suitable for in-vivo measurement of pressure, the taper waist portions advantageously being arranged in contact with a membrane which deflects according to surrounding pressure. Further embodiments are described which are suitable for measurement of fluid flow velocity and/or acceleration.

Abstract translation: 描述了基于熔融锥形光纤耦合器的传感器和感测装置，锥形光纤耦合器将锥形腰部部分形成为环或切割以提供反射端。 光通常沿着单个输入光纤输入到锥形腰部，并且环或切割的锥形腰部的弯曲引起输出光纤之间的耦合比的变化。 锥形腰部可以形成为没有损失的小弯曲半径的环，并且实现要求保护的发明的传感器特别适用于体内测量压力，锥形腰部有利地布置为与根据 到周围的压力。 描述了适于测量流体流动速度和/或加速度的其它实施例。

公开(公告)号：US06563107B2

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09757698

申请日：2001-01-11

Applicant: Lee Allen Danisch ,  Jonathan Freeman Danisch ,  Jordan Patrick Lutes

Inventor： Lee Allen Danisch ,  Jonathan Freeman Danisch ,  Jordan Patrick Lutes

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01D5/268 ,  G01B11/18 ,  G01D5/35383

Abstract: A measuring device for providing data corresponding to a geometric configuration in space, in the form of a flexible, compliant, measurement member capable of bending in at least one degree of freedom and extending along a medial axis or plane. The member has spaced flexure sensors distributed at known locations on the member and separated by known sensor spacing intervals to provide flexure signals indicating the local state of flexure present at the locations. The member comprises a multiplicity of formed, i.e. shaped, fibers, these fibers including sensing fibers having sensing portions which provide the flexure sensors, the sensing portions of different fibers being located at differing distances along the member so as to be located at the sensor spacing intervals, the formed fibers being in mutually supporting relationship, as by continuous or repeated contact with each other. Such fibers may constitute most or all of the member.

公开(公告)号：US06531694B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-11

申请号：US09778696

申请日：2001-02-06

Applicant: Paulo S. Tubel ,  Glynn Williams ,  Michael H. Johnson ,  John W. Harrell ,  Jeffrey J. Lembcke ,  Kurt A. Hickey ,  Nigel Leggett

Inventor： Paulo S. Tubel ,  Glynn Williams ,  Michael H. Johnson ,  John W. Harrell ,  Jeffrey J. Lembcke ,  Kurt A. Hickey ,  Nigel Leggett

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01V1/52 ,  E21B23/03 ,  E21B33/1275 ,  E21B37/06 ,  E21B41/0035 ,  E21B41/02 ,  E21B43/12 ,  E21B43/122 ,  E21B43/123 ,  E21B43/16 ,  E21B43/20 ,  E21B43/25 ,  E21B43/26 ,  E21B47/00 ,  E21B47/011 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/065 ,  E21B47/10 ,  E21B47/101 ,  E21B47/1015 ,  E21B47/102 ,  E21B47/123 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21B49/006 ,  E21B49/008 ,  E21B49/08 ,  G01D5/268 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01V1/40 ,  G01V1/42 ,  G01V1/46 ,  G01V7/08 ,  G01V7/16 ,  G01V8/02 ,  G01V11/002

Abstract: This invention provides a method for controlling production operations using fiber optic devices. An optical fiber carrying fiber-optic sensors is deployed downhole to provide information about downhole conditions. Parameters related to the chemicals being used for surface treatments are measured in real time and on-line, and these measured parameters are used to control the dosage of chemicals into the surface treatment system. The information is also used to control downhole devices that may be a packer, choke, sliding sleeve, perforating device, flow control valve, completion device, an anchor or any other device. Provision is also made for control of secondary recovery operations online using the downhole sensors to monitor the reservoir conditions. The present invention also provides a method of generating motive power in a wellbore utilizing optical energy. This can be done directly or indirectly, e.g., by first producing electrical energy that is then converted to another form of energy.

公开(公告)号：US06525307B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-25

申请号：US09397552

申请日：1999-09-16

Applicant: Boyd M. Evans, III ,  Panagiotis G. Datskos ,  Slobodan Rajic

Inventor： Boyd M. Evans, III ,  Panagiotis G. Datskos ,  Slobodan Rajic

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01B7/34

Abstract: The invention is an integrated optical sensing element for detecting and measuring changes in position or deflection. A deflectable member, such as a microcantilever, is configured to receive a light beam. A waveguide, such as an optical waveguide or an optical fiber, is positioned to redirect light towards the deflectable member. The waveguide can be incorporated into the deflectable member or disposed adjacent to the deflectable member. Means for measuring the extent of position change or deflection of the deflectable member by receiving the light beam from the deflectable member, such as a photodetector or interferometer, receives the reflected light beam from the deflectable member. Changes in the light beam are correlated to the changes in position or deflection of the deflectable member. A plurality of deflectable members can be arranged in a matrix or an array to provide one or two-dimensional imaging or sensing capabilities.

Abstract translation: 本发明是用于检测和测量位置或偏转变化的集成光学传感元件。 诸如微悬臂梁的可偏转构件被构造成接收光束。 诸如光波导或光纤的波导被定位成将光重定向到可偏转构件。 波导可以结合到可偏转构件中或邻近可偏转构件设置。 用于通过接收来自可偏转构件（例如光电检测器或干涉仪）的光束来测量可偏转构件的位置变化或偏转程度的装置接收来自可偏转构件的反射光束。 光束的变化与可偏转构件的位置或偏转的变化相关。 多个可偏转构件可以以矩阵或阵列布置以提供一维或二维成像或感测能力。

公开(公告)号：US06462329B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-08

申请号：US09448367

申请日：1999-11-23

Applicant: Michael A. Davis ,  David R. Fournier ,  Richard T. Jones

Inventor： Michael A. Davis ,  David R. Fournier ,  Richard T. Jones

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01K1/20 ,  G01K11/32

Abstract: A fiber Bragg grating reference module provides a precise temperature reference for a temperature probe, including a thermistor, located in close proximity thereto, and includes an optical fiber having a fiber Bragg grating therein, a glass element and a reference housing. The fiber Bragg grating has two ends and with a coefficient of thermal expansion. The glass element anchors the two ends of the fiber Bragg grating, and has a substantially similar coefficient of thermal expansion as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fiber Bragg grating to ensure that the glass element does not substantially induce strain on the fiber Bragg grating as the ambient temperature changes. The reference housing has a cavity and also has a means for receiving and affixing one end of the fiber Bragg grating and for suspending the fiber Bragg grating in the cavity leaving the other end of the fiber Bragg grating free to move as the ambient temperature changes without inducing strain in the fiber Bragg grating. The glass element includes a glass tube collapsed over the entire length of the fiber Bragg grating. Alternatively, the glass element includes a glass tube locally collapsed at the two ends of the fiber Bragg grating over a part of length of the fiber Bragg grating.

Abstract translation: 光纤布拉格光栅参考模块为温度探头提供精确的温度基准，包括位于其附近的热敏电阻，并包括其中具有光纤布拉格光栅的光纤，玻璃元件和参考外壳。 光纤布拉格光栅具有两端和热膨胀系数。 玻璃元件锚固光纤布拉格光栅的两端，并且具有与光纤布拉格光栅的热膨胀系数基本相似的热膨胀系数，以确保玻璃元件基本上不会在光纤布拉格光栅上引起应变 环境温度变化。 参考壳体具有空腔并且还具有用于接收和固定光纤布拉格光栅的一端并用于将光纤布拉格光栅悬挂在腔中的装置，离开光纤布拉格光栅的另一端随着环境温度的变化而自由移动，而没有 在光纤布拉格光栅中诱发应变。 玻璃元件包括在光纤布拉格光栅的整个长度上折叠的玻璃管。 或者，玻璃元件包括在纤维布拉格光栅的长度的一部分上在纤维布拉格光栅的两端局部塌缩的玻璃管。

公开(公告)号：US06215118B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US08556890

申请日：1995-11-02

Applicant: Brian L. Heffner ,  Wayne V. Sorin

Inventor： Brian L. Heffner ,  Wayne V. Sorin

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G01N21/645 ,  G01N2021/6484 ,  G11B7/09 ,  G11B7/1384

Abstract: An apparatus for applying an optical signal to a surface and collecting the light leaving the surface in response to the application of the optical signal. The optical signal and the collected light traverse an optical fiber having an end proximate to the surface which delivers light to the surface with the aid of a lens that couples the optical signal to the surface, collects the light emitted by the surface, and couples collected light into the optical fiber. A detector measures the intensity of light delivered into the optical fiber and generates a detection signal indicative of the measured intensity as a function of time. A set of actuators dither the position of the lens relative to the proximate end of the fiber. Each actuator operates at a different dither frequency and moves the lens relative to fiber along a different axis. The average position of the lens relative to the proximate end of the fiber along each axis is adjusted so as to maximize the average power detected at the corresponding dither frequency.

Abstract translation: 一种用于将光学信号施加到表面并且响应于光信号的应用而收集离开表面的光的装置。 光信号和收集的光穿过具有靠近表面的端部的光纤，该表面借助于将光信号耦合到表面的透镜而将光传送到表面，收集由表面发射的光并将所收集的光 光入光纤。 检测器测量输送到光纤中的光的强度，并产生指示作为时间的函数的测量强度的检测信号。 一组致动器使透镜的位置相对于光纤的近端部抖动。 每个致动器以不同的抖动频率进行操作，并使镜头沿着不同的轴线相对于光纤移动。 调整透镜相对于沿着每个轴的光纤的近端的平均位置，以使在相应抖动频率处检测到的平均功率最大化。

公开(公告)号：US06177671B1

公开(公告)日：2001-01-23

申请号：US09197703

申请日：1998-11-23

Applicant: Jean-Pierre Fouilloy ,  Patrick Seugnet

Inventor： Jean-Pierre Fouilloy ,  Patrick Seugnet

IPC: G01J104

CPC classification number: G02B23/12

Abstract: An infrared telescope, an apparatus for the harmonizing of its input and output axes including an infrared camera enabling the observation of an infrared scene and delivering a video signal representing the infrared scene, the infrared camera having a sighting axis that constitutes the input axis; a display screen receiving the video signal and displaying the corresponding image in the visible frequency spectrum; a bispectral, visible and infrared collimator, collimating the image displayed on the display screen at infinity, the collimator having an optical axis that constitutes the output axis; an infrared source positioned in a predefined way with respect to the output axis and positioned so that its radiation is collimated at infinity by the collimator; an element the reflection of the radiation coming from the infrared source at output of the collimator towards the infrared camera, the element enabling the formation on the display screen of an image of the infrared source; a device to measure the shift between the predefined position of the infrared source and the image of the infrared source on the display screen; and a device adjusting the telescope to reduce the shift.

Abstract translation: 一种红外望远镜，用于使其输入轴和输出轴相互协调的装置，包括能够观察红外线场景的红外摄像机，并且传送表示红外场景的视频信号，所述红外线摄像机具有构成输入轴的瞄准轴; 接收视频信号并以可见光谱显示相应图像的显示屏幕; 双谱，可见和红外准直器，准直显示在无限远的显示屏幕上的图像，准直器具有构成输出轴的光轴; 红外源，其以相对于输出轴线预定义的方式定位并且被定位成使得其辐射由准直器在无限远处被准直; 一个元件，来自在准直器的输出端处的红外源的辐射朝向红外相机的反射，该元件使得能够在显示屏上形成红外源的图像; 用于测量红外源的预定位置和红外源在显示屏上的图像之间的偏移的装置; 以及调整望远镜以减少偏移的装置。