公开(公告)号：US07352995B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-01

申请号：US10269123

申请日：2002-10-10

Applicant: Eliezer Pasternak

Inventor： Eliezer Pasternak

IPC: H04B1/38

CPC classification number: H04B1/18 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/025

Abstract: A tunable element in the microwave frequency range is described that may include one or more tunable elements that are directly digitally controlled by a digital bus connecting a digital control circuit to each controlled element. In particular, each digital signal is filtered by a digital isolation technique so that the signal reaches the tunable elements with very low noise. The low noise digital signals are then converted to analog control voltages. The direct D/A conversion is accomplished by a special D/A converter which is manufactured as an integral part of a substrate. This D/A converter in accordance with the invention may consist of a resistor ladder or a directly digitally controlled capacitor. The direct digitally controlled capacitor may be a cantilevered type capacitor having multiple separate electrodes or sub-plates representing binary bits that may be used to control the capacitor. A low cost microwave oscillator is disclosed in which some of the filters and oscillators are direct digitally tuned elements.

Abstract translation: 描述了微波频率范围中的可调元件，其可以包括由数字总线直接数字控制的一个或多个可调元件，数字总线将数字控制电路连接到每个受控元件。 特别地，每个数字信号被数字隔离技术滤波，使得信号以非常低的噪声到达可调谐元件。 然后将低噪声数字信号转换为模拟控制电压。 直接D / A转换是通过专门的D / A转换器来实现的，该D / A转换器被制造为衬底的一个组成部分。 根据本发明的该D / A转换器可以由电阻梯或直接数字控制的电容器组成。 直接数控电容器可以是具有多个分开的电极或表示可用于控制电容器的二进制位的子板的悬臂式电容器。 公开了一种低成本的微波振荡器，其中一些滤波器和振荡器是直接的数字调谐元件。

公开(公告)号：US07301584B2

公开(公告)日：2007-11-27

申请号：US10523382

申请日：2003-07-25

Applicant: Alan Chin Leong Yeo ,  Kui Yong Lim

Inventor： Alan Chin Leong Yeo ,  Kui Yong Lim

IPC: H04N5/46

CPC classification number: H03B5/1268 ,  H03B5/1206 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B2201/025

Abstract: In a local oscillator for a tuning arrangement for both TV and FM signals there is substantial risk of parasitic oscillation. A special provision is disclosed for effectively reducing this risk. The special provision is a connection of a damping resistor (R1a) for suppressing parsitic oscillations between ground and a junction (J2) of a parallel LC resonator of the local oscillator.

Abstract translation: 在用于TV和FM信号的调谐装置的本地振荡器中，存在寄生振荡的巨大风险。 披露了一项特别规定来有效降低风险。 特别规定是用于抑制本地振荡器的并联LC谐振器的接地和结（J 2）之间的斜体振荡的阻尼电阻器（R1a）的连接。

公开(公告)号：US07239212B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-03

申请号：US11534870

申请日：2006-09-25

Applicant: Ramon A. Gomez

Inventor： Ramon A. Gomez

IPC: H03B1/00

CPC classification number: H03L7/00 ,  H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B5/1278 ,  H03B2200/0046 ,  H03B2200/0048 ,  H03B2200/005 ,  H03B2201/02 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03D7/165 ,  H03D7/18 ,  H03J5/244 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L7/0898 ,  H03L7/093 ,  H03L7/099 ,  H03L7/10 ,  H03L7/107 ,  H03L7/1072 ,  H03L7/18

Abstract: A gain compensator compensates for the gain variation of a varactor-tuned voltage tuned oscillator (VCO) in a phase lock loop (PLL). The VCO includes a parallel LC circuit having multiple fixed capacitors that can be switched-in or switched-out of the LC circuit according to a capacitor control signal to perform band-select tuning of the VCO. The gain compensator compensates for the variable VCO gain by generating a charge pump reference current that is based on the same capacitor control signal that controls the fixed capacitors in the LC circuit. The gain compensator generates the charge pump reference current by replicating a reference scale current using unit current sources. The number of times the reference scale current is replicated is based on the fixed capacitance that is switched-in to the LC circuit and therefore the frequency band of the PLL. The reference scale current is generated based on a PLL, control that specifics certain PLL characteristics such as reference frequency, loop bandwidth, and loop damping. Therefore, the reference pump current can be efficiently optimized for changing PLL operating conditions, in addition to compensating for variable VCO gain.

Abstract translation: 增益补偿器补偿锁相环（PLL）中变容二极管调谐电压调谐振荡器（VCO）的增益变化。 VCO包括具有多个固定电容器的并联LC电路，其可以根据电容器控制信号切换或切换出LC电路，以执行VCO的频带选择调谐。 增益补偿器通过产生基于控制LC电路中的固定电容器的相同电容器控制信号的电荷泵参考电流来补偿可变VCO增益。 增益补偿器通过使用单位电流源复制参考刻度电流来产生电荷泵参考电流。 参考比例电流复制的次数是基于切换到LC电路的固定电容，因此是PLL的频带。 参考比例电流是基于一个PLL来控制的，该控制指定了某些PLL特性，例如参考频率，环路带宽和环路阻尼。 因此，除了补偿可变VCO增益之外，参考泵电流可以有效地优化用于改变PLL工作条件。

公开(公告)号：US20070132520A1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-14

申请号：US11296536

申请日：2005-12-08

Applicant: Abdellatif Bellaouar

Inventor： Abdellatif Bellaouar

IPC: H03B5/08

CPC classification number: H03J3/20 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03J2200/10

Abstract: A method of selecting fabrication parameters for an on-chip inductor of an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes a capacitor fabricated prior to the inductor. The capacitance of the capacitor is measured and, based on the measured capacitance and on a desired frequency range, a suitable inductor is fabricated. The integrated circuit may include a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), and the selection of the fabrication parameters of the inductor includes the selection of a lithography mask for the fabrication of the inductor for maximizing yield across the wafer. Therefore, the integrated circuit can have exactly one VCO for covering the desired frequency range, as opposed to at least two VCO's with overlapping frequency ranges, thereby saving significant silicon area and increasing the yield per wafer.

Abstract translation: 选择集成电路的片上电感器的制造参数的方法。 集成电路包括在电感器之前制造的电容器。 测量电容器的电容，并根据测得的电容和所需的频率范围，制造合适的电感器。 集成电路可以包括压控振荡器（VCO），并且电感器的制造参数的选择包括选择用于制造电感器的光刻掩模，以最大限度地提高晶片的产量。 因此，与具有重叠频率范围的至少两个VCO相反，集成电路可以具有恰好一个用于覆盖期望频率范围的VCO，从而节省显着的硅面积并提高每个晶片的产量。

公开(公告)号：US20060284689A1

公开(公告)日：2006-12-21

申请号：US11459205

申请日：2006-07-21

Applicant: Ramon Gomez

Inventor： Ramon Gomez

IPC: H03L7/00

CPC classification number: H03L7/00 ,  H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B5/1278 ,  H03B2200/0046 ,  H03B2200/0048 ,  H03B2200/005 ,  H03B2201/02 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03D7/165 ,  H03D7/18 ,  H03J5/244 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L7/0898 ,  H03L7/093 ,  H03L7/099 ,  H03L7/10 ,  H03L7/107 ,  H03L7/1072 ,  H03L7/18

Abstract: A gain compensator compensates for the gain variation of a varactor-tuned voltage tuned oscillator (VCO) in a phase lock loop (PLL). The VCO includes a parallel LC circuit having multiple fixed capacitors that can be switched-in or switched-out of the LC circuit according to a capacitor control signal to perform band-select tuning of the VCO. The gain compensator compensates for the variable VCO gain by generating a charge pump reference current that is based on the same capacitor control signal that controls the fixed capacitors in the LC circuit. The gain compensator generates the charge pump reference current by replicating a reference scale current using unit current sources. The number of times the reference scale current is replicated is based on the fixed capacitance that is switched-in to the LC circuit and therefore the frequency band of the PLL. The reference scale current is generated based on a PLL control that specifics certain PILL characteristics such as reference frequency, loop bandwidth, and loop damping. Therefore, the reference pump current can be efficiently optimized for changing PLL operating conditions, in addition to compensating for variable VCO gain.

Abstract translation: 增益补偿器补偿锁相环（PLL）中变容二极管调谐电压调谐振荡器（VCO）的增益变化。 VCO包括具有多个固定电容器的并联LC电路，其可以根据电容器控制信号切换或切换出LC电路，以执行VCO的频带选择调谐。 增益补偿器通过产生基于控制LC电路中的固定电容器的相同电容器控制信号的电荷泵参考电流来补偿可变VCO增益。 增益补偿器通过使用单位电流源复制参考刻度电流来产生电荷泵参考电流。 参考比例电流复制的次数是基于切换到LC电路的固定电容，因此是PLL的频带。 参考比例电流是基于特定一些PILL特性的PLL控制产生的，例如参考频率，环路带宽和环路阻尼。 因此，除了补偿可变VCO增益之外，参考泵电流可以有效地优化用于改变PLL工作条件。

公开(公告)号：US07120412B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-10

申请号：US10303384

申请日：2002-11-25

Applicant: Seema Butala Anand

Inventor： Seema Butala Anand

IPC: H04B1/06 ,  H04B1/16

CPC classification number: H03L7/099 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L7/0891 ,  H03L7/10 ,  H03L7/187 ,  H04B1/30 ,  H04B1/408

Abstract: A phase-locked loop circuit includes an array of selectable capacitors formed within the phase-locked loop circuit to enable the phase-locked loop circuit to provide a degree of coarse frequency control by adding or removing capacitors and a degree of fine frequency control by sinking or sourcing current from a charge pump into a loop filter. A finite state machine is provided within a voltage controlled oscillator calibration circuit that communicates with an external baseband processor to initiate a calibration process, and further to determine how many capacitors of an array of capacitors if formed within the phase-locked loop circuit should be coupled to provide the coarse frequency control.

公开(公告)号：US07110738B2

公开(公告)日：2006-09-19

申请号：US10269709

申请日：2002-10-10

Applicant: Eliezer Pasternak

Inventor： Eliezer Pasternak

IPC: H04B7/00

CPC classification number: H04B1/18 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/025

Abstract: A tunable element in the microwave frequency range is described that may include one or more tunable elements that are directly digitally controlled by a digital bus connecting a digital control circuit to each controlled element. In particular, each digital signal is filtered by a digital isolation technique so that the signal reaches the tunable elements with very low noise. The low noise digital signals are then converted to analog control voltages. The direct D/A conversion is accomplished by a special D/A converter which is manufactured as an integral part of a substrate. This D/A converter in accordance with the invention may consist of a resistor ladder or a directly digitally controlled capacitor. The direct digitally controlled capacitor may be a cantilevered type capacitor having multiple separate electrodes or sub-plates representing binary bits that may be used to control the capacitor. A low cost microwave oscillator is disclosed in which some of the filters and oscillators are direct digitally tuned elements.

公开(公告)号：US20060097796A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-11

申请号：US11313372

申请日：2005-12-21

Applicant: Ramon Gomez

Inventor： Ramon Gomez

IPC: H03L7/00

CPC classification number: H03L7/00 ,  H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/1215 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/1243 ,  H03B5/1253 ,  H03B5/1265 ,  H03B5/1278 ,  H03B2200/0046 ,  H03B2200/0048 ,  H03B2200/005 ,  H03B2201/02 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03D7/165 ,  H03D7/18 ,  H03J5/244 ,  H03J2200/10 ,  H03L7/0898 ,  H03L7/093 ,  H03L7/099 ,  H03L7/10 ,  H03L7/107 ,  H03L7/1072 ,  H03L7/18

Abstract: A gain compensator compensates for the gain variation of a varactor-tuned voltage tuned oscillator (VCO) in a phase lock loop (PLL). The VCO includes a parallel LC circuit having multiple fixed capacitors that can be switched-in or switched-out of the LC circuit according to a capacitor control signal to perform band-select tuning of the VCO. The gain compensator compensates for the variable VCO gain by generating a charge pump reference current that is based on the same capacitor control signal that controls the fixed capacitors in the LC circuit. The gain compensator generates the charge pump reference current by replicating a reference scale current using unit current sources. The number of times the reference scale current is replicated is based on the fixed capacitance that is switched-in to the LC circuit and therefore the frequency band of the PLL. The reference scale current is generated based on a PLL control that specifics certain PLL characteristics such as reference frequency, loop bandwidth, and loop damping. Therefore, the reference pump current can be efficiently optimized for changing PLL operating conditions, in addition to compensating for variable VCO gain.

公开(公告)号：US20060071734A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-06

申请号：US11232407

申请日：2005-09-20

Applicant: Michael McCorquodale ,  Scott Pernia ,  Sundus Kubba

Inventor： Michael McCorquodale ,  Scott Pernia ,  Sundus Kubba

IPC: H03L1/00

CPC classification number: H03L1/022 ,  H03B5/06 ,  H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/1228 ,  H03B5/124 ,  H03B2201/025 ,  H03L3/00 ,  H03L7/08 ,  H03L7/0812 ,  H03L7/099

Abstract: In various embodiments, the invention provides a frequency controller to control and provide a stable resonant frequency of a clock generator and/or a timing and frequency reference. Such stability is provided over variations in a selected parameter such as temperature and fabrication process variations. The various apparatus embodiments include a sensor adapted to provide a signal in response to at least one parameter of a plurality of parameters; and a frequency controller adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to the second signal. In exemplary embodiments, the sensor is implemented as a current source responsive to temperature fluctuations, and the frequency controller is implemented as a plurality of controlled reactance modules which are selectively couplable to the resonator or to one or more control voltages. The controlled reactance modules may include fixed or variable capacitances or inductances, and may be binary weighted. Arrays of resistive modules are also provided, to generate one or more control voltages.

Abstract translation: 在各种实施例中，本发明提供一种频率控制器，用于控制并提供时钟发生器和/或定时和频率参考的稳定谐振频率。 这样的稳定​​性是在所选择的参数如温度和制造工艺变化的变化中提供的。 各种装置实施例包括适于响应于多个参数的至少一个参数提供信号的传感器; 以及频率控制器，其适于响应于所述第二信号来修改所述谐振频率。 在示例性实施例中，响应于温度波动将传感器实现为电流源，并且频率控制器被实现为可选择地耦合到谐振器或一个或多个控制电压的多个受控电抗模块。 受控电抗模块可以包括固定或可变电容或电感，并且可以是二进制加权的。 还提供了电阻模块的阵列，以产生一个或多个控制电压。

公开(公告)号：US06954111B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-11

申请号：US10352031

申请日：2003-01-28

Applicant: Yoshinori Muramatsu ,  Fuyuki Okamoto

Inventor： Yoshinori Muramatsu ,  Fuyuki Okamoto

IPC: H03B1/00 ,  H03B5/12 ,  H03B5/00

CPC classification number: H03B5/1212 ,  H03B5/124 ,  H03B5/1268 ,  H03B5/1293 ,  H03B2201/0208 ,  H03B2201/025

Abstract: At the same control voltage Vtune, the oscillation frequency with only switches SW3 and SW4 being closed is higher than that with only switches SW1 and SW2 being closed. Accordingly, even when the oscillation frequency is lower than designed with only the switches SW1 and SW2 being closed and the capacitance of varactor diodes D1 and D2 cannot be controlled to provide the desired oscillation frequency, the desired oscillation frequency can be provided by closing only the switches SW3 and SW4 to control the capacitance of the varactor diodes D1 and D2. On the oscillation frequency, a coarse tuning can be performed by controlling the switches SW1 to SW4, while a fine tuning can be performed with the varactor diodes D1 and D2. Consequently, the range of the oscillation frequency is increased.

Abstract translation: 在相同的控制电压Vtune，只有开关SW 3和SW 4闭合的振荡频率高于只有开关SW 1和SW 2闭合的振荡频率。 因此，即使当振荡频率低于仅开关SW 1和SW 2闭合并且变容二极管D 1和D 2的电容不能被控制以提供期望的振荡频率的设计时，可以提供期望的振荡频率 通过闭合开关SW 3和SW 4来控制变容二极管D1和D2的电容。 在振荡频率上，可以通过控制开关SW 1至SW 4来执行粗调，同时可以用变容二极管D1和D2进行微调。 因此，振荡频率的范围增加。