Abstract:
The invention refers to a method and apparatus for protecting a substrate during a processing by at least one particle beam. The method comprises the following steps: (a) applying a locally restrict limited protection layer on the substrate; (b) etching the substrate and/or a layer arranged on the substrate by use of the at least one particle beam and at least one gas; and/or (c) depositing material onto the substrate by use of the at least one particle beam and at least one precursor gas; and (d) removing the locally limited protection layer from the substrate.
Abstract:
The invention refers to a probe assembly for a scanning probe microscope which comprises at least one first probe-adapted for analyzing a specimen, at least one second probe adapted for modifying the specimen and at least one motion element associated with the probe assembly and adapted for scanning one of the probes being in a working position across a surface of the specimen so that the at least one first probe interacts with the specimen whereas the at least one second probe is in a neutral position in which it does not interact with the specimen and to bring the at least one second probe into a position so that the at least one second probe can modify a region of the specimen analyzed with the at least one first probe.
Abstract:
The invention refers to a probe assembly for a scanning probe microscope which comprises at least one first probe-adapted for analyzing a specimen, at least one second probe adapted for modifying the specimen and at least one motion element associated with the probe assembly and adapted for scanning one of the probes being in a working position across a surface of the specimen so that the at least one first probe interacts with the specimen whereas the at least one second probe is in a neutral position in which it does not interact with the specimen and to bring the at least one second probe into a position so that the at least one second probe can modify a region of the specimen analyzed with the at least one first probe.
Abstract:
A microscope includes an illumination unit for illuminating a mask at a predetermined non-axial illumination angle, an imaging unit for imaging an aerial image of the mask within a predetermined defocus region, and an imaging field stop, in which as a result of the lateral displacement of the aerial image depending on the position within the defocus region and on the non-axial illumination angle, the opening of the imaging field stop is dimensioned such that the aerial image is either completely encompassed or circumferentially cut within the defocus region.A method for characterizing a mask having a structure includes illuminating the mask at at least one illumination angle using monochromatic illumination radiation such that a diffraction image of the structure is created, recording the diffraction image, establishing the intensities of the maxima of the adjacent orders of diffraction, and establishing an intensity ratio of the intensities.
Abstract:
An irradiation module for a measuring apparatus is provided. The irradiation module is light-conductive, is configured as a cohesive body and comprises a beam-splitting surface arranged within the irradiation module for splitting an incoming measuring beam into two partial beams. Furthermore, the irradiation module comprises an optical diffraction grating for interaction with a first of the two partial beams and a reflection surface for reflecting the second partial beam.
Abstract:
In order to allow a more targeted intervention in a drawing procedure, in particular on a linear drawing device, the invention proposes a linear drawing machine for the linear drawing of a workpiece through a drawing ring, a drawing unit, in which one or more drawing tools grasp the workpiece and draw it linearly in the drawing direction, being situated behind the drawing ring, the linear drawing device being distinguished in particular by a drawing ring which is situated fixed in relation to the drawing direction during the drawing procedure, preferably perpendicularly, and by a workpiece guide situated in front of the drawing ring in the drawing direction, which is displaceable perpendicular to the drawing direction.
Abstract:
A large-volume reactor (10) for treating a free-flowing material, having a housing (12) which surrounds an interior space (14), a material feed (11) at one end of the housing (12) and a material discharge (13) at the other end of the housing (12). A rotor shaft (22), which is driven in rotation about its axis and conveys the material in the direction from the material feed (11) to the material discharge (13), is arranged in the interior space (14). A partition (16) in the interior space (14) defines two separate process spaces (18null, 18null) from one another, and the partition (16) includes a build-up system (24) having a build-up system passage (26) which leads from an inlet opening (40) which opens out into the first process space (18null), to an outlet opening (42) which opens out into the second process space (18null). The build-up system passage (26) is configured to pass the material from the first process space (18null) into the second process space (18null) and so that the flowing material forms a barrier which effectively prevents gas from passing through the passage.
Abstract:
A roll shaft assembly especially for a planetary cross roll rolling mill for tubing and the like has the roll shaft and mill roll connected by a conical centering arrangement and a screw, preferably coaxial therewith with the torque transfer being effected by tooth rings on the ends of the shaft and roll and having interdigitating teeth.
Abstract:
A drawing apparatus is assembled from modular units utilizing modular path-forming members and holder modules which can carry the drawing die and drawing carriages shiftable on the guide modules. The drives for the carriages are individual linear motors whose stationary components are the modular path-forming members disposed end-to-end.
Abstract:
Between an intermediate roll unit and a dimensioning finishing roll unit of a continuous light-section or wire rod rolling train, a multifunctional section is provided with three parallel lines and at least the first and second rolling lines having rolling blocks and substantially all of the lines including cooling sections and/or temperature equalization sections. Via distributing guides and 180null loop forming path segments, the workpieces are selectively directable from the first line to the dimensioning finishing rolling unit without traveling over the second and third lines and to the dimensioning finishing rolling unit after travelling over all or part of the second and third lines.