摘要:
Malignant melanoma cells spontaneously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promote constitutive activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). Although antioxidants and inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidases significantly reduce constitutive NF-kB activation and suppress cell proliferation, the nature of the enzyme responsible for ROS production in melanoma cells has not been determined. To address this issue, we now have characterized the source of ROS production in melanoma cells. ROS are generated by isolated, cytosol-free melanoma plasma membranes, with inhibition by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors. The p22phox, gp91phox and p67phox components of the human phagocyte NAD(P)H oxidase, and the 91phox homolog NOX4 were demonstrated in melanomas by RT-PCR and sequencing, and protein product for both p22phox and gp91phox were detected in cell membranes by immunoassay. Normal human epidermal melanocytes expressed only p22phox and NOX4. Melanoma proliferation was reduced by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors and by transfection of antisense but not sense oligonucleotides for p22phox and NOX4. Also, the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenylene iodonium inhibited constitutive DNA binding of nuclear protein to the NF-kB and cyclic-AMP response element consensus oligonucleotides, without affecting DNA binding activity to AP-1 or OCT-1.
摘要:
A golf ball (20) having a plurality of standard dimples (33) and a plurality of undercut dimples (31) is disclosed herein. Each of the plurality of undercut dimples (31) has at least one undercut area portion (50) that extends into a portion of a concavity (55) of the undercut dimple (31). A covered region (70) defined by the undercut area portion (50) generates eddy currents during the flight of the golf ball (20) which creates greater turbulence at the surface (22) of the golf ball (20) allowing for greater distance.
摘要:
A golf club head is characterized by stepped grooves in the striking face thereof. The serrated grooves are defined by opposed side walls each having at least one step portion intermediate the length thereof. The stepped grooves impart more consistent spin to a golf ball when struck by the club head.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a golf ball comprising fast-chemical-reaction-produced component, such as a component which comprises a reaction injection molded polyurethane material. A process of making a golf ball by forming at least one core and/or cover component of the ball by mixing two or more reactants that react and form a reaction product with a flex modulus of 5-310 kpsi in a reaction time of about 5 minutes or less, the component having a thickness of at least 0.01 inches and a demold time of 10 minutes or less is disclosed. In one preferred form of the invention, excess polyurethane from forming golf ball covers is recycled by using it to form golf ball cores.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a multi-layer golf ball having a soft outer cover. The golf ball has an inner cover layer with a Shore D hardness of 60 or more, and an outer cover with a Shore D hardness of 53 or less. In a particularly preferred form of the invention, the outer cover comprises at least 75% of a soft, ionomeric copolymer formed from a polyolefin, an unsaturated carboxylic acid, and a monomer of the acrylate ester class. The golf ball of the invention has exceptionally soft feel and high spin rates on short shots of 80 yards or less and, particularly, 40 yards or less, while maintaining good distance and average spin on full shots.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a game ball and method for making the same. The game ball has an ionomeric cover which includes a combination of ionomeric crosslinks and covalent crosslinks. The game ball cover is superior in at least one of cut resistance and scuff resistance to a conventional cover that does not have covalent crosslinks but is otherwise substantially identical in composition. The game ball cover of the invention is particularly useful for improving the durability of golf balls to be struck with sharp-grooved clubs.
摘要:
A canvas holding assembly for holding large and small canvases includes a base that is tripoidal. A first plate is coupled to and extends from the base. The first plate is substantially parallel to a surface upon which the base is positioned and is configured to position items of a user. A first bar is selectively extendable from a top of the base. A second bar is coupled to and extends from the first bar distal from the base. A first coupler is pivotally coupled to the second bar distal from the first bar. The first coupler is positioned above the first plate. Each of a plurality of holders is configured to couple to a canvas. Each holder comprises a second coupler that is complementary to, and positioned to couple to, the first coupler, such that the holder is configured to couple to the canvas.
摘要:
The invention generally concerns systems and methods for monitoring and controlling the power consumption of a power-consuming device. The system and method may connect to a power source and a power-consuming device, connecting the power-consuming device to the power source. The power usage of the power-consuming device may then be measured and monitored. This monitoring data may then be stored and optionally sent to a controlling device on a data network. The location of the power-consuming device may also be determined, recorded, and sent to a controlling device. The system may also control the power usage of the power-consuming device. In some cases, a remote server may connect multiple energy monitoring systems in order to gain additional efficiencies and foster a community-based social network.