摘要:
A system which is suitable as a catalyst for the hydrocyanation of olefinically unsaturated compounds and comprises a) Ni(0) b) a compound which complexes Ni(0) as a ligand and contains trivalent phosphorus, c) a Lewis acid and d) a compound of the formula M Rn where M: Al or Ti R: identical or different monovalent alkoxy radicals, in which case a plurality of alkoxy radicals may be bonded together, and additionally, in the case that M=Al, R may be identical or different monovalent alkyl radicals, in which case a plurality of alkyl radicals may be bonded together or one or more alkyl radicals may be bonded to one or more of the abovementioned alkoxy radicals, n: valency of M, and processes for hydrocyanating an olefinically unsaturated compound in the presence of such a system.
摘要:
A process is described for separating mixtures of isomeric pentenenitriles, in which at least one isomer is removed from the mixture, wherein the separation of the substance mixtures of isomeric pentenenitriles is effected distillatively under reduced pressure.
摘要:
A process is described for continuously hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one nickel(0) catalyst with chelate ligands, wherein 1,3-butadiene and hydrogen cyanide are used in a molar ratio of from 1.6:1 to 1.1:1.
摘要:
A process is described for preparing 3-pentenenitrile by hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in a loop reactor having external pumped circulation and jet nozzle for driving the internal circulation.
摘要:
A process is described for preparing 3-pentenenitrile by hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one catalyst, wherein unhydrocyanated 1,3-butadiene is removed from the effluent of the hydrocyanation and recycled into the process, and the recycled 1,3-butadiene is monitored for the content of hydrogen cyanide.
摘要:
A process is described for isomerizing pentenenitrile in a reactant stream, wherein the isomerization is effected over a heterogeneous catalyst in a distillation column in such a way that, during the isomerization of the isomerization reactant, it is distillatively depleted in relation to the isomerization product in the reaction column of the distillation column.
摘要:
A process for the recovery of a Lewis acid from a reaction mixture (I) which has been obtained in the hydrocyanation of an olefinically unsaturated compound to a nitrile which has a miscibility gap with water under certain pressure and temperature conditions, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Lewis acid and a complex compound. The method comprises a) removing the complex compound from mixture (I) to give a mixture (II), b) adding water to mixture (II) and placing mixture (II) under pressure and temperature conditions to provide a phase (III) and a phase (IV), c) adding a liquid diluent (V) which c1) does not form an azeotrope with water and whose boiling point under certain pressure conditions is higher than that of water, or c2) forms an azeotrope or heteroazeotrope with water under certain pressure conditions, to phase (III), d) subjecting the mixture of phase (III) and liquid diluent (V) to distillation under the pressure conditions mentioned in step c1) or c2), and e) subjecting mixture (VII) to hydrocyanation of an olefinically unsaturated compound to give the nitrile
摘要:
A process is described for preparing 3-pentenenitrile by hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene, wherein 1,3-butadiene is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of at least one catalyst and the stream resulting therefrom is purified distillatively, the bottom temperature during the distillation not exceeding 140° C.
摘要:
A process is described for hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene over at least one nickel(0) complex having phosphorus ligands as a catalyst, wherein the 1,3-butadiene is used in a mixture with n-butane and the mixture contains from 60 to 90% by volume of 1,3-butadiene and from 40 to 10% by volume of n-butane.