摘要:
An apparatus for continuously producing polyester comprises three single reactors, i.e. a single esterification reactor (first reactor), a single initial polymerization reactor (second reactor) and a single final polymerization reactor (third reactor or final polymerizer), where at least one of the first reactor and the second reactor is free from an external stirring power source, or the third reactor is a horizontal, one-shaft-type, low speed rotation type reactor. Necessary number of reactors for the esterification and polycondensation reactions can be a minimum and necessary stirring power consumption for the reaction can be a miminum, and thus polyester polymers of good quality can be efficiently produced at a minimum energy cost in a necessary minimum reactor structure.
摘要:
A high-voltage resistor unit capable of minimizing a variation in output voltage thereof. The resistor unit includes an output terminal member provided with a contact section connected, by only contacting, to an output electrode formed on a front surface of a circuit board. The electrode contacted with the constant section of the terminal member has a surface section covered with a resistive paint layer, of which a resistance value in a thickness direction thereof is set to be smaller than a resistance value of a resistance circuit pattern formed on the front surface of the circuit board which resistance value is determined in a thickness direction thereof.
摘要:
A packing material capable of improving the uniformity of liquid distribution and of achieving a preferable gas-liquid contact reaction, even in the case where the specific surface area of the packing material is small, includes a plurality of projections provided on the surface of a thin plate, and a plurality of holes provided respectively between the projections. In one embodiment, the transfer extension of each projection is larger than a longitudinal extension thereof, so that descending liquid flows downward while being transversely dispersed by the projection. The holes are provided between the projections so that they do not obstruct the transfer dispersion of liquid at the projection. Moreover, the holes accelerate the transverse dispersion of liquid, or the dispersion of liquid between front and rear surfaces of the thin plate, by the surface tension of the liquid. As a result, excellent uniformity of liquid distribution can be obtained on the surface of the thin plate. An improved air separator containing the packing material incorporated into a rectifier for performing gas-liquid contact reaction is also disclosed.
摘要:
An evaluation method analyzes flow on molding of a molten material. This is achieved in a system of making a flow analysis on an in-mold molten material through division of a molded part model into minute elements and numerical analysis thereof including the calculi of finite elements, boundary elements, finite differences, FAN and the like. One or more temperature conditions of the molten material are provided with a plurality of loading times or mold temperatures respectively for performing an analysis and from the obtained operational results of the pressure distribution of the molten material a function of the maximum molten material pressure of each element is provided. This function is graphically indicated on a display apparatus to evaluate the appropriate ranges of the molten material pressure and the loading time at a predetermined molten material temperature.
摘要:
A molten injection-molding method is applicable to any system of dividing a molded product form model into micro-elements and analyzing a molten material flow behavior within the mold by the use of numerical analytic techniques that include the finite element method, boundary element method, difference method, and FAN method, among others. First, the entire length of time required for the process of filling the mold with a molten material is divided into an arbitrary number of intervals, representing the filling progress in each individual time interval in an equitime curve diagram. This is followed by next not only deriving the distance segmented by each pair of adjacent equitime curves based on interrelations of the divided micro-element and equitime curves, but also computing the individual filling speeds, and then making a graphic display on display equipment of the variations in these filling speeds over an entire filling cycle, in order to evaluate, and find, the filling speeds at which an optimum mold filling cycle may be achieved.
摘要:
A fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine which includes sensors that signal the condition of engine braking (negative output torque) and which shut off fuel during such a condition. According to the invention, there is provided a special circuit which recognizes the termination of the fuel shut-off phase during engine braking and which causes excess fuel to be admitted to the engine just after the resumption of fuel supply after engine braking. The excess fuel is supplied in order to overcome fuel starvation due to condensation of fuel on induction tube walls which had cooled off during overrunning. The special fuel boost circuit receives information related to the air temperature and the air flow rate in the induction tube and uses it to adjust the time constant of a multivibrator which controls the amount of fuel added.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for controlling the fuel supply of an internal combustion engine in which the primary fuel injection valve control pulses are derived on the basis of signals from sensors which monitor various engine variables, e.g. intake air flow rate, induction tube pressure, engine speed and/or engine and air temperatures and in which the fuel supply is entirely interrupted during the condition of engine overrunning (negative output torque). After the termination of engine overrunning, the normal fuel quantity which would be supplied on the basis of prevailing sensor signals is intentionally increased for a predetermined length of time to compensate for engine cooling during overrunning. This is done by increasing the pulse length of the injection control pulses. The apparatus includes transducers and circuits for recognizing the condition of overrunning and circuitry for supplying temporarily lengthened fuel control pulses.
摘要:
There is provided an air-fuel ratio control system for internal combustion engines wherein the direction of deviation of the actual air-fuel ratio from a preset air-fuel ratio is determined by an oxygen concentration detector for detecting the concentration of oxygen contained in the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine and an air-fuel ratio discriminating circuit, whereby air is injected from an air injection valve when the air-fuel ratio is low i.e. the mixture is rich and fuel is injected from a fuel injection valve when the air-fuel ratio is high i.e. the mixture is lean, thereby controlling the air-fuel ratio to a predetermined value.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for mapping a moving direction by using sounds for people with visual impairments, in which a moving direction can be expressed multi-dimensionally by using sound information and can effectively assist people with visual impairments and the like in navigation tasks. A moving direction of a person carrying a device configured to output sounds is mapped by using a combination of sounds outputted from the device. A plurality of different sound information pieces are stored in association with three or more predetermined directions, respectively, a current position of the moving target device is identified, and then a moving direction of the device is identified. A sound obtained by combining two sounds in a ratio according to the identified moving direction is outputted on the basis of sound information pieces associated respectively with two adjacent directions sandwiching the identified moving direction among the predetermined directions.
摘要:
A battery module is configured so that the first cell string and the second cell string are arranged between the first plate member and the second plate member and the second cell string is arranged closer to the second plate member side than the first cell string is and is arranged closer to the outlet side than the first cell string is. At the inlet side of the housing, the inlet is arranged closer to the first plate member than to the second cell string, at least a part between the inlet side of the second cell string and the second plate member is covered by the inlet-side guide plate, and the cooling air is introduced into the housing through the inlet so as to form a flow of the cooling air along the first plate member and a flow of the cooling air along the inlet-side guide plate.