Abstract:
A steel cord is composed of three to six steel filaments each having a filament diameter of from 0.25 to 0.45 mm, the three to six steel filaments including shaped filaments and twisted together, wherein the shaped filaments are, before twisted together, coiled to be set in a form of coil having a coil diameter of less than 5 mm and a coil pitch of more than 5 mm, the shaped filaments include at least two kinds of shaped filaments which are different in respect of the form of coil, the shaped filaments are twisted together while the coil diameter is reduced, the elongation of the cord at 50 N load is less than 0.2%, and the cord strength is in a range of from 2500 to 3500 N/sq.mm.
Abstract:
A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass extending between the bead portions and a band disposed radially outside the carcass in a tread portion and made of at least one cord laid at an angle of not more than 5 degrees with respect to the tire equator, and the band cord is made of steel filaments twisted together so as to have a variable elasticity modulus which has a transitional point from under 1000 kgf/sq.mm to over 1000 kgf/sq.mm at an elongation percentage in a range of from 1% to 5%. Preferably, the average elasticity modulus ELn of the cord from zero elongation to the transitional point is in a range of from 500 to 750 kgf/sq.mm, and the average elasticity modulus EHn of the cord from the transitional point to a breaking point of the cord is in a range of from 1200 to 3000 kgf/sq.mm.
Abstract:
The invention improves rubber permeability while making a cord diameter compact. A metal cord is constituted by a layered structure having a core comprising totally 6 to 12 filaments sectioned into 1 to 4 filament bundles, and a sheath comprising 8 to 15 filaments arranged around the core. Each of the filament bundles includes a waved filament modeled in a two-dimensional wave shape and a non-waved filament, in a state before being bundled. The core makes the wave of the waved filament three-dimensional within the core by applying torsion to each of the filament bundles.
Abstract:
A pneumatic tire comprises: a carcass extending between bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions; a breaker disposed radially outside a crown portion of the carcass; a pair of axially spaced high modulus edge bands disposed radially outward of edge portions of the breaker and each made of one or more high modulus cords having a sectional area SH and a 2% modulus MH and wound substantially parallel to the tire circumferential direction at a cord count DH; a low modulus middle band disposed radial outward of the breaker between the high modulus edge bands; and an elongation resistance index PH of each of the high modulus edge bands, which is defined as the product of the 2% modulus MH in N/sq.mm, the sectional area SH in sq.mm and the cord count DH per 1 cm width divided by 100, being in a range of 160 to 700.
Abstract:
An improved emission sampling and measurement system is provided for continuously sampling and analyzing the chemical content of a vehicle emissions and the ambient air for data evaluation and comparison. The emission sampling and measurement system comprises a vehicle having an emissions source, devices for intaking vehicle emissions and ambient air, and analysis devices for determining the chemical content of the emissions and ambient air. The gas streams may be dried in a series of selectively permeable drying tubes prior to measurement in the analysis devices, in order to effectuate a more precise sample of the constituent elements of the gases. Following analysis, the data collected is processed, stored, and compared, and the results displayed on a screen in the vehicle driver's compartment in a real-time manner. In this fashion, real-time comparative data analysis is presented in a format not presently available.
Abstract:
A steel cord is formed by compactly twisting steel filaments together, the steel filaments including a plurality of zigzag filaments and optionally a nonzigzag filament, the zigzag filament being zigzaged two-dimensionally and made up of straight segments each extending between the zigzag peak points, the nonzigzag filament being straight. In case the cord is composed of only the zigzag filaments, the zigzag filaments include at least two kinds of zigzag filaments having different zigzag pitch lengths. In case the cord is composed of both the zigzag filaments and nonzigzag filaments, some of the zigzag and nonzigzag filaments are first loosely twisted together into a bunch, and then a plurality of bunches are twisted together into the cord. In any case, the zigzag pitch length and zigzag wave height of each zigzag filament are substantially constant along the length thereof. A Tire comprises a reinforcing layer such as a tread reinforcing belt layer, carcass, bead reinforcing layer and the like made of the above-mentioned steel cords.
Abstract:
A refueling pipe structure of a fuel tank includes a tank body, and an a refueling pipe which is connected to the tank body to extend upwardly therefrom. The refueling pipe is provided at its upper end with a refueling port into which a refueling nozzle can be inserted. The structure includes a flow direction limiting device mounted within the refueling pipe in the vicinity of the refueling port for guiding a fuel flow from a tip end of the refueling nozzle toward an inner surface of the refueling pipe, while limiting the fuel flow in a gyrate direction along the inner surface of the refueling pipe. Thus, the generation of evaporated fuel within the refueling pipe during refueling can be inhibited, and fuel can be smoothly introduced into the tank body.
Abstract:
An evaporative fuel-processing system for an internal combustion engine for use in a vehicle. A passage extends between the fuel tank and the intake passage, for guiding evaporative fuel generated in the fuel tank, for processing, across which a canister is arranged. A first passage and a second passage are connected to the canister. A first valve is arranged across the first passage to allow air to flow into the canister through the first passage and inhibit air containing evaporative fuel from being discharged from the canister through the first passage. A second valve is arranged across the second passage to inhibit air from flowing into the canister through the second passage and allow air containing evaporative fuel to be discharged from the canister through the second passage. A filter is arranged in the first passage.
Abstract:
An evaporative fuel-adsorbing device adsorbs evaporative fuel generated from a fuel tank of an internal combustion engine. A partition divides the interior of a casing at least into a first adsorbent chamber and a second adsorbent chamber. Adsorbents are charged in the first adsorbent chamber and the second adsorbent chamber, respectively, for adsorbing the evaporative fuel. The evaporative fuel from the fuel tank is permitted to flow into the first adsorbent chamber via a charging port provided therein. The evaporative fuel desorbed from the adsorbents in the adsorbent chambers are permitted to flow out of the first adsorbent chamber via a purging port provided therein. The second adsorbent chamber is communicated with the atmosphere via an air-inlet port. The maximum flow rate of the evaporative fuel through a communication passage connecting between the first and second adsorbent chambers is changed in dependence on at least one of an amount of the evaporative fuel flowing into the evaporative fuel-adsorbing device and an amount of the evaporative fuel flowing out of same. An evaporative emission control system incorporating the evaporative fuel-adsorbing device is also provided.
Abstract:
A vent passage communicated to an upper space of a fuel tank mounted on an automobile is connected to a canister. A two-way valve, which includes a pair of one-way valves disposed oppositely and in parallel to each other, is provided in the vent passage. One one-way valve is adjusted its valve opening pressure in a two-staged manner according to the operational state of an internal combustion engine. In another method, a bypass passage bypassing the two-way valve is provided in the vent passage. A solenoid valve and a one-way valve are interposed in the bypass passage. The above one one-way valve of the two-way valve is set at a first valve opening set-up pressure, and the other one-way valve is set at a second valve opening set-up pressure lower than the first valve opening set-up pressure. The solenoid valve is opened or closed according to the operational state of the internal combustion engine.