摘要:
To provide an organic electroluminescence element including a structure that facilitates manufacturing of a large scale organic EL panel and a manufacturing method thereof, the organic electroluminescence element includes: an anode; a cathode; an organic luminescent layer located between the anode and the cathode; and a hole injection layer located between the anode and the organic luminescent layer. The hole injection layer comprises a mixture of molybdenum oxide and tungsten oxide that contains a molybdenum element in a range of 9 atomic percent to 35 atomic percent.
摘要:
An image sensor comprises, a substrate, a plurality of photoelectric converters mounted on the substrate, for each of which a photoelectric conversion layer is formed of an organic compound layer and is sandwiched between an anode and a cathode so as to perform photoelectric conversion based on incident light, drive circuits for detecting output provided by a signal current generated by the photoelectric converters and for reading signal charges, and a wiring for electrically connecting the photoelectric converters and the drive circuits, wherein, for the plurality of the photoelectric converters that form one read pixels, the size of a photoelectric conversion area differs in accordance with a sensitivity of each of the plurality of photoelectric converters.
摘要:
The organic photoelectric conversion element in accordance with the invention comprises at least one pair of electrodes 12 and 16, a photoelectric conversion region (layer) 15 arranged between the electrodes and containing at least an electron donating organic material and an electron accepting organic material, and a buffer layer 14 containing at least one inorganic matter and inserted between the photoelectric conversion region and at least one electrode of the above-cited pair of electrodes.
摘要:
A dynamic type semiconductor memory device includes m memory blocks each having a plurality of memory cells, and a plurality of sense amplifier groups associated with the respective memory blocks. Each sense amplifier group senses and amplifies data of a selected memory cell in the related memory block. The memory device further includes a circuit for generating a refresh instruction detecting signal in response to an externally applied refresh mode indicating signal, and circuitry responsive to a block designating signal and the refresh instruction detecting signal for activating each of the sense amplifier groups in such a manner that only start timings for the sensing operations of the sense amplifier groups related to the designated memory blocks may differ from each other. This activation circuitry activates the respective sense amplifier groups related to the memory blocks designated by the block designating signal in such a manner that their sensing operations may have the same start timing in the normal mode. This device significantly reduces current dissipation in the refresh mode, while the access time in the normal mode is not adversely affected. This device is suitable for use as an internal memory of a battery back-up type computer because of its small load on the battery.
摘要:
An organic EL element including: an anode and a cathode disposed to face each other with a gap therebetween; a functional layer that contains an organic material and is disposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electron injection layer that has a function to inject electrons into the functional layer and is disposed between the anode and the cathode. The electron injection layer contains a metal oxide with d0 electron configuration, and a Fermi level of the electron injection layer is located in a vicinity of a lower end of a conduction band of the electron injection layer.
摘要:
A light emitter and method for manufacturing a light emitter. The light emitter includes a first electrode, a charge injection transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode that are layered in this order. At least the light-emitting layer is defined by bank. The charge injection transport layer includes a recessed portion having an inner bottom surface in contact with a bottom surface of the light-emitting layer and an inner side surface continuous with the inner bottom surface and in contact at least partly with a side surface of the light-emitting layer. The inner side surface has a lower edge continuous with the inner bottom surface, and an upper edge is aligned with a portion of a bottom periphery of the bank, the portion being in contact with the light-emitting layer or in contact with a bottom surface of the bank.
摘要:
Provided is an organic EL element which withstands mass production of organic EL display panels, and promises driving at a low voltage and high luminous efficiency due to excellent hole-injection efficiency. Specifically, an organic EL element is formed by sequentially laminating an anode, a hole injection layer, a buffer layer, a light-emitting layer, and a cathode on one surface of a substrate. The hole injection layer is a at least 2 nm thick tungsten oxide layer formed under predetermined film forming conditions, and includes an occupied energy level that is 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of a binding energy. This reduces the hole injection barrier between the anode and the hole injection layer and the hole injection barrier between the hole injection layer and the buffer layer.
摘要:
The present invention provides an organic EL display panel and an organic EL display apparatus that can be driven at a low voltage and that exhibit excellent light-emitting efficiency. Sequentially fixated on a substrate are: a first electrode; auxiliary wiring; a hole injection layer; a functional layer; and a second electrode. The hole injection layer and the second electrode are both formed to be continuous above the first electrode and above the auxiliary wiring. The second electrode and the auxiliary wiring are electrically connected by the hole injection layer. The hole injection layer contains tungsten oxide and at least 2 nm thick so as to have, in an electronic state thereof, an occupied energy level in a range between 1.8 eV and 3.6 eV lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band in terms of a binding energy.
摘要:
Method for manufacturing organic EL element including anode, hole injection layer, buffer layer, light-emitting layer, and cathode, layered on substrate in the stated order, and banks defining a light-emission region, and having excellent light-emission characteristics, due to the hole injection layer having excellent hole injection efficiency, being a tungsten oxide layer including an oxygen vacancy structure, formed under predetermined conditions to have an occupied energy level within a binding energy range from 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than a lowest binding energy of a valence band, and after formation, subjected to atmospheric firing at a temperature within 200° C.-230° C. inclusive for a processing time of 15-45 minutes inclusive to have increased film density and improved dissolution resistance against an etching solution, a cleaning liquid, etc., used in a bank forming process.
摘要:
To provide an actuator which is easily made a small size and flexible, and has a large displacement. The actuator comprises a rod-shaped actuator element, having one axial end thereof fixed, including a dielectric film made of a dielectric elastomer and a plurality of electrodes arranged via the dielectric film, in the actuator element, the dielectric film extends as a voltage applied across the electrodes becomes large, and a load member connected to the other axial end of the actuator element and fixed in a state in which the actuator element is permitted to be extended axially, characterized in that making large the voltage applied across the electrodes causes the dielectric film to be extended, whereby the actuator element is extended axially according to the tension of the load member.