摘要:
The present invention provides a method for determining the physiological state of a microbial community, which rapidly and precisely determines the physiological state of a microbial community present in a treatment tank of a wastewater biological treatment facility; and a wastewater treatment method utilizing the same. In the method for determining the physiological state of a microbial community of the present invention, the method includes the steps of staining the microbial community collected from a treatment tank of a wastewater biological treatment facility with a first fluorescent dye which binds to a nucleotide chain of a microbe in the microbial community, and a second fluorescent dye which is degraded by an enzyme in cells of the microbe to emit fluorescent light having a wavelength different from that of the first fluorescent dye; measuring a first fluorescent intensity (F1) derived from the first fluorescent dye and a second fluorescent intensity (F2) derived from the second fluorescent dye, regarding the stained microbial community; and determining the satisfactory degree of the physiological state of the microbial community.
摘要:
Disclosed are a phase detector for detecting the phase difference between a data signal and a clock signal, and a timing extracting circuit for controlling the phase of the clock signal so that the phase relationship between the clock signal and the data signal is optimal by using the phase detector. The phase detector includes an edge detector for generating an edge signal at the rising edge and the falling edge of the data signal, and a D flip flop (D-FF) for storing and outputting the logical value of the clock signal at the time of generation of the edge signal, and holding the logical value until the generation of the next edge signal, thereby outputting a signal corresponding to the phase difference between the data signal and the clock signal. A clock generator in the timing extracting circuit having a PLL structure controls the phase of the clock signal so that the difference becomes optimal.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a filter circuit which is suitable for use in an integrated circuit formed of transistors or field effect transistors, and controls the frequency band of the amplifying circuit used for the signal receiver, for example, within an optical communications system. The filter circuit includes a first transistor (T1) having a base or gate grounded with high-frequency component via a first resistor (R1); and a second resistor (R2) and a capacitor (C1) each having one end connected to the emitter or source of the first transistor (T1) and the other terminal grounded with high-frequency component. The filter circuit acts as a circuit in which the first transistor (T1) inputs the current (Iin) at a juncture at which the second resistor (R2) and the capacitor (C1) are connected therewith and outputs its collector or drain current (Iout).
摘要:
A processing device for processing sheet-like media via immersion in a special fluid, for example, for renewing a copy sheet by removing printed material such as toner therefrom. The processing device has a tank accommodating a fluid therein; a sheet feeding device for feeding a sheet into the fluid in the tank, a sheet accommodating device for accommodating a sheet, a sensing device for outputting a signal responsive to a state of the sheet in the sheet accommodating device, and a changing device for changing a relative position between the tank and the sheet accommodating device, the relative position including a retracted position where the sheet accommodating device is positioned outside the tank and an operating position where the sheet accommodating device is positioned within the fluid in the tank, the changing device changing the relative position in response to the signal outputted by the sensing device. The processing device permits a jammed sheet to be easily removed from the device, usually without it being necessary for an operator to touch the fluid in the tank.
摘要:
A filter circuit and a filter integrated circuit capable of being used in a high frequency band comprises a first resistor R.sub.1 connected between an input signal source and an emitter of a common-base transistor TR.sub.1, a first capacitor C.sub.1 connected between said input signal source and a reference voltage point, a second capacitor C.sub.2 connected between said input signal source and a collector of the common-base transistor TR.sub.1, and a second resistor R.sub.2 connected between the collector of the common-base transistor and the reference voltage point. Thus, a low-pass filter which operates in a high frequency band and suppresses the influence of characteristic parameters over the filter characteristic can be constructed.
摘要:
Disclosed is an equalizing and amplifying circuit in an optical signal receiving apparatus comprising a preamplifier circuit having an input terminal connected to the output of a light receiving element. The preamplifier circuit amplifies the electrical signal from the light receiving element and outputs an amplified signal. An automatic gain control circuit is connected to the output of the preamplifier circuit. The preamplifier circuit comprises a transistor having a common-base, a current source connected to the emitter of the transistor for supplying a bias current to the transistor, and a load resistor connected to the collector of the transistor. The emitter of the transistor is connected to the input terminal, and the collector of the transistor is connected to the output terminal. A negative influence caused by mounting the circuit on a package is avoided and the circuit operates stably in a high frequency range.
摘要:
A data delay circuit includes a first transistor, and a second transistor having a base, an emitter and a collector. Input data is applied to the bases of the first and second transistors. A constant-current source is coupled between the emitters of the first and second transistors and a negative power source. A capacitor is connected between the collector of the first transistor and the collector of the second transistor. The data delay circuit further includes a third transistor and a fourth transistor. The emitters of the third and fourth transistors are connected to the collectors of the first and second transistors, respectively. The bases of the third and fourth transistors are provided with control data having a polarity opposite to that of the input data and having an adjusted amplitude level corresponding to a desired delay time to be given the input data. First and second load resistors are respectively coupled to the collectors of the third and fourth transistors through a positive power source. Delayed input data is drawn from the collectors of the third and fourth transistors.
摘要:
An optical filter is provided having an optical plate which has a chamfered section formed on an outer peripheral edge section of one principle surface of the optical plate and has isotropy with respect to wet-etching. The chamfered section is of an arc shape which is cross-sectionally concave in an inward direction of the optical plate.
摘要:
A receiving circuit includes: a clock generating circuit to generate a plurality of clock signals in a cycle; an oversampling circuit to oversample input data based on the plurality of clock signals and output a plurality of samples of digital data in a unit interval; a data boundary determining circuit to detect a changing point of the digital data, determine data boundaries of the unit interval based on the changing point, and output digital data corresponding to a central data between the data boundaries; and a clock phase control circuit to control a phase of at least one of the plurality of clock signals so that a first number of the plurality of samples becomes a certain value when a second number of samples between the data boundaries is larger than a threshold value.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus having a cleaner for cleaning a surface of a dust-proof glass disposed on a housing of a laser scanning unit for irradiating a photosensitive member with a laser modulated in accordance with image data. The cleaner is supported by a frame of the image forming apparatus body such that the cleaner is movable while keeping in contact with the dust-proof glass and such that the cleaner stays in a stand-by position while keeping out of contact with the dust-proof glass and the housing of the laser scanning unit.