摘要:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining ethanol from a carbohydrate-containing raw substrate wherein the ethanol that is produced is separated during fermentation using a carrier gas. The invention further relates to the adsorption of the ethanol from the gas phase to an adsorber, the desorption of the ethanol during a subsequent process step, and to the further concentration of the ethanol.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining ethanol from a carbohydrate-containing raw substrate wherein the ethanol that is produced is separated during fermentation using a carrier gas. The invention further relates to the adsorption of the ethanol from the gas phase to an adsorber, the desorption of the ethanol during a subsequent process step, and to the further concentration of the ethanol.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for the enzymatic treatment of raw polymeric feedstock comprising the following steps: (a) preferably separation of soluble components from the raw polymeric feedstock, (b) treating the raw polymeric feedstock with an enzyme system in order to liberate defined soluble monomeric or oligomeric building blocks from the insoluble raw polymeric feedstock; and (c) separating the defined monomeric or oligomeric building blocks produced in step b) from the remainder of the raw polymeric feedstock. Preferably, the enzyme system used in step b) contains not more than 50%, preferably not more than 20%, more preferably not more than 10%, more preferably not more than 5%, more preferably not more than 2%, more preferably not more than 1% of other enzyme activities apart from the enzyme activity resulting in liberation of said defined monomeric or oligomeric building blocks from the raw polymeric feedstock according to step b). Further aspects of the invention concern the use of “less pure” and thus less costly enzyme systems in subsequent enzymatic treatment steps and methods for determining the optimum sequence of enzymatic treatment steps by analysis of the raw polymeric feedstock used.
摘要:
A method for the production of biopolymers with modified properties wherein at least one cycle comprising the following steps is completed: (a) providing a population of single-stranded polynucleotide molecules, wherein individual polynucleotide molecules comprise homologous and heterologous sequence segments and wherein individual ones of said single-stranded polynucleotide molecules can form double-stranded polynucleotide molecules with other ones of said single-stranded polynucleotide molecules within said population; (b) forming double-stranded polynucleotide molecules from the population of single-stranded polynucleotide molecules provided according to step (a) comprising double-stranded polynucleotide molecules with different heterologous sequence segments; (c) partially and exonucleolytically degrading the single-strands of the double-stranded polynucleotide molecules produced according to step (b); and (d) temple-directed single-stand synthesizing the degraded ends of the partially degraded double strand produced according to step (c), wherein steps (c) and (d) may be carried out sequentially or contemporaneously.
摘要:
An enzymatic process is described for the production of chemicals from carbon sources. In particular, according to one aspect, a process for the production of a target organic compound from a carbon source by a cell-free enzyme system is disclosed.
摘要:
The invention discloses cellulase enzymes with optimized properties for processing of cellulose- and lignocellulose-containing substrates. In particular, cellobiohydrolase enzymes with preferred characteristics are disclosed. The present invention provides fusion, insertion, deletion and/or substitution variants of such enzymes. Enzyme variants have enhanced thermostability, proteolytic stability, specific activity and/or stability at extreme pH. Nucleic acid molecules encoding said enzymes, a composition comprising said enzymes, a method for preparation, and the use for cellulose processing and/or for the production of biofuels are disclosed.
摘要:
An enzymatic process is described for the production of chemicals from carbon sources. In particular, according to one aspect, a process for the production of a target organic compound from a carbon source by a cell-free enzyme system is disclosed.
摘要:
The invention concerns a process for the recovery of an organic moiecule from the overhead vapor phase of aqueous media by adsorbing onto an adsorbent, wherein no additional thermal energy for said vaporization is provided, and wherein the organic molecule is recovered afterwards by desorbing from the adsorber.
摘要:
A method of fluorescence measurement on analytes, marked with different fluorescent markers, which have spectrally different fluorescence emissions, in a sample is described, having the following steps: illumination of the sample in the measurement volume using a laser to excite the fluorescence emission of the at least two fluorescent markers, the illumination of the measurement volume being performed with a maximum of one single laser line, having an excitation intensity sufficiently high that the fluorescent markers are jointly excited through 2-photon absorptions, detection of the fluorescence emission using at least two detector devices which are designed for light detection in different spectral ranges in accordance with the spectral fluorescence properties of the fluorescent markers, and performance of a cross-correlation and/or coincidence analysis of detector signals of the detector devices. A measurement device for performing the method is also described.
摘要:
A method for analyzing properties of a sample by measuring fluorescence parameters in multiple foci, comprises the steps of splitting a collimated primary laser beam with a splitting device into at least two collimated secondary laser beams and deflecting the secondary laser beams such that they propagate at different propagation angles with respect to an optical axis of a focussing optic, focussing the secondary laser beams with the focussing optic into at least two volume elements in the sample, detecting light emitted from the volume elements with a detecting device, and evaluating the detected light for obtaining the properties to be analyzed. Furthermore, a device for implementing this method is described. The invention is particularly suited for high-throughput screening applications.