Emulsion preparation method using a packed tube emulsifier
    21.
    发明授权
    Emulsion preparation method using a packed tube emulsifier 失效
    乳液制备方法使用填料管乳化剂

    公开(公告)号:US4183681A

    公开(公告)日:1980-01-15

    申请号:US907549

    申请日:1978-05-19

    IPC分类号: B01F3/08 B01F5/06 B01F5/00

    摘要: Emulsions are prepared utilizing an emulsification device comprising an enclosure having orifices thereby permitting flow of a fluid through the enclosure along one of its axis, of any cross-section profile perpendicular to its axis for fluid flow, which enclosure is packed with a material which causes the flow of fluids to be broken down into many fine streams which fine streams, being in intimate contact one with the other, remix rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in the formation of the desired emulsion. The fluids which are mixed in the packed enclosure are fed to the enclosure by fluid feeding means such as pumps or by gravity feed tanks and conduits communicatively attached to the packed enclosure. The fluids fed into the packed enclosure are introduced into the enclosure in close proximity one to another so as to insure maximum intermixing of the different fluids.

    摘要翻译: 使用乳化装置制备乳液,乳化装置包括具有孔口的外壳,从而允许流体沿着其轴线流过外壳,其垂直于其轴线的任何横截面轮廓用于流体流动,该外壳包装有导致 流体被分解成许多细小的流,这些细小的流与另一个紧密接触,重新混合,从而形成所需的乳液。 在包装的外壳中混合的流体通过流体供给装置(例如泵)或通过重力进料罐和通气地连接到包装的外壳的导管供给到外壳。 进料到包装的外壳中的流体彼此靠近地被引入到外壳中,以确保不同流体的最大混合。

    Novel liquid membrane formulations and use thereof
    22.
    发明授权
    Novel liquid membrane formulations and use thereof 失效
    新型液膜制剂及其用途

    公开(公告)号:US3969265A

    公开(公告)日:1976-07-13

    申请号:US482592

    申请日:1976-06-24

    IPC分类号: B01D61/40 C08D7/00 C08D7/10

    CPC分类号: B01D61/40

    摘要: This invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations which are water-in-oil emulsions wherein the oil phase comprises a sulfonated polymer having a backbone which is substantially nonaromatic, for example, less than 10 mole % aromatic, and uses thereof in high temperature liquid membrane processes. The emulsions are useful in liquid membrane water treating processes, especially in water treating processes which are desirably run at high temperatures. In the most preferred embodiment, these compositions are used in a liquid membrane sour water treating process wherein a waste water stream containing ammonium sulfide is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion, i.e., the emulsions of the instant invention, at conditions whereby ammonia permeates through the external phase of the emulsion into an acidic internal phase wherein it is converted to a nonpermeable form, e.g., ammonium ion, while H.sub.2 S is continuously stripped out of the waste water solution by means of an inert gas, e.g., steam. Processes of this sort are most effectively carried out at temperatures greater than 80.degree.C. wherein the emulsions of the instant invention have excellent stability.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及新的液膜制剂,其是油包水乳液,其中油相包含具有基本上非芳香的主链的磺化聚合物,例如小于10摩尔%的芳香族,以及其在高温液体膜中的用途 过程。 乳液可用于液膜水处理方法,特别是在期望在高温下运行的水处理过程中。 在最优选的实施方案中,这些组合物用于液体膜酸性水处理方法中,其中含有硫化铵的废水流与本发明的液体膜乳液(即本发明的乳液)接触,其中氨渗透通过 乳状液的外相进入酸性内部相,其中将其转化为不渗透的形式,例如铵离子,同时通过惰性气体例如蒸汽将H 2 S连续地从废水溶液中排出。 这种方法在大于80℃的温度下最有效地进行,其中本发明的乳液具有优异的稳定性。

    Blood oxygenation process
    23.
    发明授权
    Blood oxygenation process 失效
    血液氧合过程

    公开(公告)号:US3942527A

    公开(公告)日:1976-03-09

    申请号:US433573

    申请日:1974-01-15

    申请人: Norman N. Li

    发明人: Norman N. Li

    摘要: A process for oxygenating blood which comprises, contacting an emulsion, the exterior phase of which comprises an oxygen saturated fluorinated organic compound surrounding aqueous droplets containing a carbon dioxide absorbent or reactant, with mammalian blood. The oxygen permeates rapidly from the fluorocarbon into the blood, while the CO.sub.2 within the blood permeates through the fluorocarbon into the aqueous interior phase wherein it is absorbed or converted by a reactant to a nonpermeable form. In this manner the blood is oxygenated and CO.sub.2 is simultaneously removed.

    摘要翻译: 一种使血液充氧的方法,其包括使乳液的外相与包含二氧化碳吸收剂或反应物的含水二氧化碳吸收剂或反应物的含氧饱和氟化有机化合物与哺乳动物血液接触。 氧气从碳氟化合物迅速渗入血液,而血液中的二氧化碳通过碳氟化合物渗入水相内部水相,其中它被反应物吸收或转化成不渗透的形式。 以这种方式,血液被氧化,同时除去CO 2。

    Well treating fluid
    24.
    发明授权
    Well treating fluid 失效
    处理流体好

    公开(公告)号:US4568392A

    公开(公告)日:1986-02-04

    申请号:US483394

    申请日:1983-04-08

    CPC分类号: C09K8/50 E21B21/003

    摘要: The instant invention is directed to shear thickening fluids which comprise a water-swellable material (clay), present in a sufficient concentration so as to be capable of forming a stiff paste upon interaction with the water used, and water wherein the clay and water are kept separated by an intervening hydrocarbon-surfactant composition. The intervening oil phase prevents the interaction between the water and the clay phases and results in a stable, nonreacting, pumpable composite until such time as the oil envelope is ruptured by application of a sufficiently high shear force. Upon such rupture, the materials interact rapidly forming a semi-rigid stiff paste.Various well-control problems, such as oil and gas with blowouts, can be controlled by use of the above-described composite. The composite is pumped down the well pipe. Exiting the orifices of the drill bit or a nozzle supplies the shear force needed to rupture the oil envelope thereby permitting the interaction between the clay and the water resulting in the formation of a stiff paste which can stop or prevent unwanted flow in or near the wellbore.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及剪切增稠流体,其包含水溶胀性材料(粘土),其以足够的浓度存在,以便能够在与所用的水相互作用时形成刚性糊料,以及其中粘土和水是 通过中间的烃 - 表面活性剂组合物保持分离。 中间油相防止水和粘土相之间的相互作用,并导致稳定的,不反应的可泵送复合材料,直到通过施加足够高的剪切力使油封破裂的时间为止。 在这种破裂的情况下,材料相互作用迅速地形成半刚性刚性浆料。 可以通过使用上述复合材料来控制各种井控问题,例如具有井喷的油和气。 将复合材料从井管中抽出。 排出钻头或喷嘴的孔口提供破裂油包壳所需的剪切力,从而允许粘土和水之间的相互作用,导致形成刚性浆料,从而可以阻止或防止在井筒内或附近不必要的流动 。

    Demulsification by centrifugation followed by strong shearing
    25.
    发明授权
    Demulsification by centrifugation followed by strong shearing 失效
    通过离心破乳,然后强剪切

    公开(公告)号:US4125461A

    公开(公告)日:1978-11-14

    申请号:US816290

    申请日:1977-07-18

    申请人: Norman N. Li

    发明人: Norman N. Li

    IPC分类号: B01D17/02 B01D61/40 B01D13/00

    CPC分类号: B01D61/40 B01D17/0217

    摘要: A process for demulsifying an emulsion containing a continuous phase and a dispersed phase comprising removing a portion of the continuous phase, combining the remaining emulsion with a liquid miscible with the dispersed phase and applying a mechanical shearing stress to the resulting combination.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于将包含连续相和分散相的乳液破乳的方法,包括除去一部分连续相,将剩余的乳液与可与分散相混合的液体结合并对所得组合施加机械剪切应力。

    Sour water treating process utilizing liquid membranes having a
sulfonated polymer exterior oil phase
    27.
    发明授权
    Sour water treating process utilizing liquid membranes having a sulfonated polymer exterior oil phase 失效
    酸水处理工艺利用具有磺化聚合物外部油相的液膜

    公开(公告)号:US4064040A

    公开(公告)日:1977-12-20

    申请号:US682271

    申请日:1976-05-03

    CPC分类号: C08J3/09 B01D61/40

    摘要: This invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations which are water-in-oil emulsions wherein the oil phase comprises a sulfonated polymer having a backbone which is substantially nonaromatic, for example, less than 10 mole % aromatic, and uses thereof in high temperature liquid membrane processes. The emulsions are useful in liquid membrane water treating processes, especially in water treating processes which are desirably run at high temperatures. In the most preferred embodiment, these compositions are used in a liquid membrane sour water treating process wherein a waste water stream containing ammonium sulfide is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion, i.e. the emulsions of the instant invention, at conditions whereby ammonia permeates through the external phase of the emulsion into an acidic internal phase wherein it is converted to a nonpermeable form, e.g. ammonium ion, while H.sub.2 S is continuously stripped out of the waste water solution by means of an inert gas, e.g. steam. Processes of this sort are most effectivey carried out at temperatures greater than 80.degree. C. wherein the emulsions of the instant invention have excellent stability.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及新的液膜制剂,其是油包水乳液,其中油相包含具有基本上非芳香的主链的磺化聚合物,例如小于10摩尔%的芳香族,以及其在高温液体膜中的用途 过程。 乳液可用于液膜水处理方法,特别是在期望在高温下运行的水处理过程中。 在最优选的实施方案中,这些组合物用于液膜酸性水处理方法中,其中含有硫化铵的废水流与液体膜乳液接触,即本发明的乳液,其中氨渗透到外部 将乳液相转变成酸性内相,其中将其转化为不透气的形式,例如, 铵离子,而H2S通过惰性气体例如废水溶液连续地从废水溶液中排出。 蒸汽。 这种方法在大于80℃的温度下最有效地进行,其中本发明的乳液具有优异的稳定性。

    Separating hydrocarbon mixtures by emulsification
    28.
    发明授权
    Separating hydrocarbon mixtures by emulsification 失效
    通过模拟分离油气混合物

    公开(公告)号:US4056462A

    公开(公告)日:1977-11-01

    申请号:US382468

    申请日:1973-07-25

    CPC分类号: C07C7/00 B01D61/40 C10G31/00

    摘要: The instant invention relates to a process for separating components from liquid mixtures which comprises emulsifying said liquid mixture in an immiscible liquid which is characterized as a solvent for the components. The emulsion is then contacted with an inert gas whereby the components of the mixture, because of their solubility, permeate into said immiscible liquid, and are stripped therefrom by the inert gas. The components may then be separated from said inert gas stream by condensation and subsequent phase separation or fractionation, by absorption, distillation or by adsorption. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon which is emulsified in an aqueous surfactant containing liquid. The hydrocarbon containing mixture contains hydrocarbons of different types, as well as hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated compounds, i.e. alcohols, ketones, acids, and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment the hydrocarbon containing mixture contains toluene and heptane. In this embodiment the toluene preferentially permeates into said aqueous surfactant containing liquid and is removed therefrom by a stream of stripping steam.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种从液体混合物中分离组分的方法,其中包括在不混溶液体中乳化所述液体混合物,其特征在于作为组分的溶剂。 然后将乳液与惰性气体接触,由此混合物的组分由于其溶解性而渗透到所述不混溶液体中,并由惰性气体汽提。 然后可以通过冷凝和随后的相分离或分馏,通过吸收,蒸馏或通过吸附将组分与所述惰性气体流分离。 在本发明的优选实施方案中,液体混合物包含在含水表面活性剂的液体中乳化的烃。 烃混合物包含不同类型的烃,以及与氧化化合物即醇,酮,酸及其混合物混合的烃。 在一个具体实施方案中,烃混合物含有甲苯和庚烷。 在该实施方案中,甲苯优先渗透到所述含水表面活性剂的液体中,并通过汽提蒸汽流除去甲苯。

    Demulsification process
    29.
    发明授权
    Demulsification process 失效
    破乳过程

    公开(公告)号:US4001109A

    公开(公告)日:1977-01-04

    申请号:US525204

    申请日:1974-11-19

    CPC分类号: B01D61/40 B01D17/047

    摘要: This invention relates to a process for demulsifying an emulsion which can be either of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, which comprises mixing the emulsion with a mixture of two or more comiscible volatile solvents, at least one of which is miscible with the water and at least one of which is miscible with the oil, thereby causing the separation of the emulsion into an oil and a water layer. Preferably, the water-miscible solvent is an alcohol and the oil-miscible solvent is a light hydrocarbon, more preferably, a saturated hydrocarbon or a monoolefin. Since it is generally desirable to recover the solvent for reuse in emulsion breaking, the oil-miscible solvent will have a boiling point of at least 50.degree. C. less than the boiling point of the oil. In the most preferred embodiment, a mixture of isopropanol and cyclohexane are mixed with an equal volume of a water-in-oil emulsion, said oil comprising high boiling hydrocarbons for a time sufficient to separate the emulsion into separate oil and water layers, said oil and water layers are then separated and distilled to recover the isopropanol and the cyclohexane.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种乳化乳液的方法,该乳液可以是油包水型或水包油型,其包括将乳液与两种或更多种可共混的挥发性溶剂的混合物混合,其中至少一种 与水混溶,其中至少一种与油混溶,从而使乳液分离成油和水层。 优选地,水混溶性溶剂是醇,并且油混溶性溶剂是轻质烃,更优选饱和烃或单烯烃。 由于通常需要回收溶剂以在破乳中重新使用,所以油混溶性溶剂的沸点比油的沸点低至少50℃。 在最优选的实施方案中,将异丙醇和环己烷的混合物与等体积的油包水乳液混合,所述油包含高沸点烃,时间足以将乳液分离成单独的油和水层,所述油 然后分离和蒸馏水层以回收异丙醇和环己烷。