摘要:
Emulsions are prepared utilizing an emulsification device comprising an enclosure having orifices thereby permitting flow of a fluid through the enclosure along one of its axis, of any cross-section profile perpendicular to its axis for fluid flow, which enclosure is packed with a material which causes the flow of fluids to be broken down into many fine streams which fine streams, being in intimate contact one with the other, remix rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in the formation of the desired emulsion. The fluids which are mixed in the packed enclosure are fed to the enclosure by fluid feeding means such as pumps or by gravity feed tanks and conduits communicatively attached to the packed enclosure. The fluids fed into the packed enclosure are introduced into the enclosure in close proximity one to another so as to insure maximum intermixing of the different fluids.
摘要:
This invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations which are water-in-oil emulsions wherein the oil phase comprises a sulfonated polymer having a backbone which is substantially nonaromatic, for example, less than 10 mole % aromatic, and uses thereof in high temperature liquid membrane processes. The emulsions are useful in liquid membrane water treating processes, especially in water treating processes which are desirably run at high temperatures. In the most preferred embodiment, these compositions are used in a liquid membrane sour water treating process wherein a waste water stream containing ammonium sulfide is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion, i.e., the emulsions of the instant invention, at conditions whereby ammonia permeates through the external phase of the emulsion into an acidic internal phase wherein it is converted to a nonpermeable form, e.g., ammonium ion, while H.sub.2 S is continuously stripped out of the waste water solution by means of an inert gas, e.g., steam. Processes of this sort are most effectively carried out at temperatures greater than 80.degree.C. wherein the emulsions of the instant invention have excellent stability.
摘要:
A process for oxygenating blood which comprises, contacting an emulsion, the exterior phase of which comprises an oxygen saturated fluorinated organic compound surrounding aqueous droplets containing a carbon dioxide absorbent or reactant, with mammalian blood. The oxygen permeates rapidly from the fluorocarbon into the blood, while the CO.sub.2 within the blood permeates through the fluorocarbon into the aqueous interior phase wherein it is absorbed or converted by a reactant to a nonpermeable form. In this manner the blood is oxygenated and CO.sub.2 is simultaneously removed.
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to shear thickening fluids which comprise a water-swellable material (clay), present in a sufficient concentration so as to be capable of forming a stiff paste upon interaction with the water used, and water wherein the clay and water are kept separated by an intervening hydrocarbon-surfactant composition. The intervening oil phase prevents the interaction between the water and the clay phases and results in a stable, nonreacting, pumpable composite until such time as the oil envelope is ruptured by application of a sufficiently high shear force. Upon such rupture, the materials interact rapidly forming a semi-rigid stiff paste.Various well-control problems, such as oil and gas with blowouts, can be controlled by use of the above-described composite. The composite is pumped down the well pipe. Exiting the orifices of the drill bit or a nozzle supplies the shear force needed to rupture the oil envelope thereby permitting the interaction between the clay and the water resulting in the formation of a stiff paste which can stop or prevent unwanted flow in or near the wellbore.
摘要:
A process for demulsifying an emulsion containing a continuous phase and a dispersed phase comprising removing a portion of the continuous phase, combining the remaining emulsion with a liquid miscible with the dispersed phase and applying a mechanical shearing stress to the resulting combination.
摘要:
A process for removing a dissolved component from a feedstream. The feedstream is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion which removes a portion of the dissolved component. After separation of the emulsion from the feedstream, a substantial portion of the remaining dissolved component is removed by solvent extraction.
摘要:
This invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations which are water-in-oil emulsions wherein the oil phase comprises a sulfonated polymer having a backbone which is substantially nonaromatic, for example, less than 10 mole % aromatic, and uses thereof in high temperature liquid membrane processes. The emulsions are useful in liquid membrane water treating processes, especially in water treating processes which are desirably run at high temperatures. In the most preferred embodiment, these compositions are used in a liquid membrane sour water treating process wherein a waste water stream containing ammonium sulfide is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion, i.e. the emulsions of the instant invention, at conditions whereby ammonia permeates through the external phase of the emulsion into an acidic internal phase wherein it is converted to a nonpermeable form, e.g. ammonium ion, while H.sub.2 S is continuously stripped out of the waste water solution by means of an inert gas, e.g. steam. Processes of this sort are most effectivey carried out at temperatures greater than 80.degree. C. wherein the emulsions of the instant invention have excellent stability.
摘要:
The instant invention relates to a process for separating components from liquid mixtures which comprises emulsifying said liquid mixture in an immiscible liquid which is characterized as a solvent for the components. The emulsion is then contacted with an inert gas whereby the components of the mixture, because of their solubility, permeate into said immiscible liquid, and are stripped therefrom by the inert gas. The components may then be separated from said inert gas stream by condensation and subsequent phase separation or fractionation, by absorption, distillation or by adsorption. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon which is emulsified in an aqueous surfactant containing liquid. The hydrocarbon containing mixture contains hydrocarbons of different types, as well as hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated compounds, i.e. alcohols, ketones, acids, and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment the hydrocarbon containing mixture contains toluene and heptane. In this embodiment the toluene preferentially permeates into said aqueous surfactant containing liquid and is removed therefrom by a stream of stripping steam.
摘要:
This invention relates to a process for demulsifying an emulsion which can be either of the water-in-oil or oil-in-water type, which comprises mixing the emulsion with a mixture of two or more comiscible volatile solvents, at least one of which is miscible with the water and at least one of which is miscible with the oil, thereby causing the separation of the emulsion into an oil and a water layer. Preferably, the water-miscible solvent is an alcohol and the oil-miscible solvent is a light hydrocarbon, more preferably, a saturated hydrocarbon or a monoolefin. Since it is generally desirable to recover the solvent for reuse in emulsion breaking, the oil-miscible solvent will have a boiling point of at least 50.degree. C. less than the boiling point of the oil. In the most preferred embodiment, a mixture of isopropanol and cyclohexane are mixed with an equal volume of a water-in-oil emulsion, said oil comprising high boiling hydrocarbons for a time sufficient to separate the emulsion into separate oil and water layers, said oil and water layers are then separated and distilled to recover the isopropanol and the cyclohexane.