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公开(公告)号：US4014785A
公开(公告)日：1977-03-29
申请号：US620966
申请日：1975-10-09
摘要： The instant invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations, i.e., emulsions, which comprise an aqueous interior phase and a water-immiscible exterior phase; said water-immiscible exterior phase comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a solvent for this polymer. These compositions may additionally contain a water insoluble surfactant to stabilize the emulsions. In the most preferred embodiment, the aqueous interior phase comprises a strong acid, for example from about 1 to 10 percent by weight sulfuric acid. These emulsions are useful in liquid membrane processes for the separation of dissolved components from aqueous solution. Emulsions of the instant invention are characterized as showing very low swelling when contacted with aqueous solutions, especially at higher temperatures and thus are especially effective for use in the treatment of sour water feed streams by the liquid membrane technique.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新型液膜制剂，即乳液，其包含水性内相和水不混溶的外部相; 所述与水不混溶的外部相包含乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和用于该聚合物的溶剂。 这些组合物可另外含有水不溶性表面活性剂以稳定乳液。 在最优选的实施方案中，水性内相包含强酸，例如约1至10重量％的硫酸。 这些乳液可用于从水溶液中分离溶解组分的液膜方法。 本发明的乳液的特征在于当与水溶液接触时显示非常低的溶胀度，特别是在较高温度下，因此特别有效地用于通过液膜技术处理酸性水进料流。
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公开(公告)号：US3959173A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-25
申请号：US492616
申请日：1974-07-29
摘要： The instant invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations, i.e., emulsions, which comprise an aqueous interior phase and a water-immiscible exterior phase; said water-immiscible exterior phase comprising an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and a solvent for this polymer. These compositions may additionally contain a water insoluble surfactant to stabilize the emulsions. In the most preferred embodiment, the aqueous interior phase comprises a strong acid, for example from about 1 to 10 percent by weight sulfuric acid. These emulsions are useful in liquid membrane processes for the separation of dissolved components from aqueous solution. Emulsions of the instant invention are characterized as showing very low swelling when contacted with aqueous solutions, especially at higher temperatures and thus are especially effective for use in the treatment of sour water feed streams by the liquid membrane technique.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新型液膜制剂，即乳液，其包含水性内相和水不混溶的外部相; 所述与水不混溶的外部相包含乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和用于该聚合物的溶剂。 这些组合物可另外含有水不溶性表面活性剂以稳定乳液。 在最优选的实施方案中，水性内相包含强酸，例如约1至10重量％的硫酸。 这些乳液可用于从水溶液中分离溶解组分的液膜方法。 本发明的乳液的特征在于当与水溶液接触时显示非常低的溶胀度，特别是在较高温度下，因此特别有效地用于通过液膜技术处理酸性水进料流。
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公开(公告)号：US3969265A
公开(公告)日：1976-07-13
申请号：US482592
申请日：1976-06-24
CPC分类号： B01D61/40
摘要： This invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations which are water-in-oil emulsions wherein the oil phase comprises a sulfonated polymer having a backbone which is substantially nonaromatic, for example, less than 10 mole % aromatic, and uses thereof in high temperature liquid membrane processes. The emulsions are useful in liquid membrane water treating processes, especially in water treating processes which are desirably run at high temperatures. In the most preferred embodiment, these compositions are used in a liquid membrane sour water treating process wherein a waste water stream containing ammonium sulfide is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion, i.e., the emulsions of the instant invention, at conditions whereby ammonia permeates through the external phase of the emulsion into an acidic internal phase wherein it is converted to a nonpermeable form, e.g., ammonium ion, while H.sub.2 S is continuously stripped out of the waste water solution by means of an inert gas, e.g., steam. Processes of this sort are most effectively carried out at temperatures greater than 80.degree.C. wherein the emulsions of the instant invention have excellent stability.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新的液膜制剂，其是油包水乳液，其中油相包含具有基本上非芳香的主链的磺化聚合物，例如小于10摩尔％的芳香族，以及其在高温液体膜中的用途 过程。 乳液可用于液膜水处理方法，特别是在期望在高温下运行的水处理过程中。 在最优选的实施方案中，这些组合物用于液体膜酸性水处理方法中，其中含有硫化铵的废水流与本发明的液体膜乳液（即本发明的乳液）接触，其中氨渗透通过 乳状液的外相进入酸性内部相，其中将其转化为不渗透的形式，例如铵离子，同时通过惰性气体例如蒸汽将H 2 S连续地从废水溶液中排出。 这种方法在大于80℃的温度下最有效地进行，其中本发明的乳液具有优异的稳定性。
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4.发明授权Sour water treating process utilizing liquid membranes having a sulfonated polymer exterior oil phase 失效酸水处理工艺利用具有磺化聚合物外部油相的液膜
公开(公告)号：US4064040A
公开(公告)日：1977-12-20
申请号：US682271
申请日：1976-05-03
摘要： This invention relates to novel liquid membrane formulations which are water-in-oil emulsions wherein the oil phase comprises a sulfonated polymer having a backbone which is substantially nonaromatic, for example, less than 10 mole % aromatic, and uses thereof in high temperature liquid membrane processes. The emulsions are useful in liquid membrane water treating processes, especially in water treating processes which are desirably run at high temperatures. In the most preferred embodiment, these compositions are used in a liquid membrane sour water treating process wherein a waste water stream containing ammonium sulfide is contacted with a liquid membrane emulsion, i.e. the emulsions of the instant invention, at conditions whereby ammonia permeates through the external phase of the emulsion into an acidic internal phase wherein it is converted to a nonpermeable form, e.g. ammonium ion, while H.sub.2 S is continuously stripped out of the waste water solution by means of an inert gas, e.g. steam. Processes of this sort are most effectivey carried out at temperatures greater than 80.degree. C. wherein the emulsions of the instant invention have excellent stability.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及新的液膜制剂，其是油包水乳液，其中油相包含具有基本上非芳香的主链的磺化聚合物，例如小于10摩尔％的芳香族，以及其在高温液体膜中的用途 过程。 乳液可用于液膜水处理方法，特别是在期望在高温下运行的水处理过程中。 在最优选的实施方案中，这些组合物用于液膜酸性水处理方法中，其中含有硫化铵的废水流与液体膜乳液接触，即本发明的乳液，其中氨渗透到外部 将乳液相转变成酸性内相，其中将其转化为不透气的形式，例如， 铵离子，而H2S通过惰性气体例如废水溶液连续地从废水溶液中排出。 蒸汽。 这种方法在大于80℃的温度下最有效地进行，其中本发明的乳液具有优异的稳定性。
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公开(公告)号：US4415426A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-15
申请号：US286875
申请日：1981-07-27
申请人： Edward C. Hsu , Norman N. Li , Taras Hucal
发明人： Edward C. Hsu , Norman N. Li , Taras Hucal
CPC分类号： C10G33/02 , B01D17/06 , B03C11/00 , B03C2201/02
摘要： Improved electrodes for electrically coalescing water-in-oil emulsions in an AC electrical field, wherein the improvement comprises insulated electrodes having a dielectric constant of at least about 3 and a hydrophobic surface in contact with the emulsion. This invention results in faster coalescense of emulsions than can be obtained with insulated electrodes having a lower dielectric constant even if the surface of the electrode at the electrode-emulsion interface is hydrophobic. Formation of spongy emulsion and decomposition of the oil phase under the high voltages required for rapid coalescense is minimized and even eliminated.
摘要翻译： 改进的用于在AC电场中电聚合油包水乳液的电极，其中改进包括介电常数为至少约3的绝缘电极和与乳液接触的疏水表面。 即使电极 - 乳剂界面处的电极表面是疏水性的，本发明可以得到比具有较低介电常数的绝缘电极可获得的乳液更快的聚集度。 在快速聚结所需的高电压下，形成海绵状乳液和油相分解最小化甚至消除。
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公开(公告)号：US4360448A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-23
申请号：US404716
申请日：1973-10-09
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the removal of dissolved species from aqueous solutions, which comprises contacting said aqueous solution with an emulsion, said emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is characterized as being immiscible with said aqueous solution and yet permeable to said dissolved species, and an interior phase which contains a reactant capable of converting said dissolved species to a nonpermeable form. The dissolved species permeate the exterior phase, into the interior phase where they are converted into nonpermeable forms and thus retained in the interior phase of said emulsion. The aqueous solution, depleted in said dissolved species, is separated from said emulsion and the emulsion cycled for reuse. In one preferred embodiment said dissolved species are ions, and an ion exchange compound is incorporated in the exterior phase of the emulsion, to promote the permeation of said ions through the exterior phase.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及从水溶液中除去溶解物质的方法，该方法包括使所述水溶液与乳液接触，所述乳液包含外相，其特征在于与所述水溶液不混溶，并且对所述溶解物质是可渗透的， 以及含有能够将所述溶解物质转化成不渗透形式的反应物的内部相。 溶解的物质渗透到外部相中，进入内部相，在那里它们被转化为不透水的形式，因此保留在所述乳液的内部相中。 将所述溶解物质耗尽的水溶液与所述乳液分离，并将乳液循环使用。 在一个优选的实施方案中，所述溶解的物质是离子，并且离子交换化合物被引入到乳液的外部相中，以促进所述离子通过外部相的渗透。
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公开(公告)号：US4183918A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-15
申请号：US877340
申请日：1978-02-13
申请人： William J. Asher , Norman N. Li , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： William J. Asher , Norman N. Li , Adam L. Shrier
CPC分类号： A61M1/3687 , A61K9/107
摘要： This invention relates to the use of liquid membrane technology in preparing medicinals. The medicinals prepared by this invention may be ingested and may be utilized as traps for toxins present in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract, or as slow-release compositions of drugs, or as reactors. In the trap embodiment, the liquid membrane encapsulated medicinal is an emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is immiscible with the liquids present in the GI tract and permeable to the toxins therein, and an interior phase which is immiscible with the exterior phase and comprises a reagent capable of converting said toxin into a nonpermeable form. In addition, hydrophilic adsorbents, such as a hydrophilic carbon or a silica gel, may be encapsulated in the emulsions of the instant invention. When the compositions of the instant invention are utilized as slow-release drugs, the interior phase of the emulsion will comprise a drug which is slightly soluble in the exterior phase of the emulsion whereby said drug permeates through said exterior phase of the emulsion over a period of time into the GI tract. The third method for utilizing the compositions of the instant invention comprises encapsulating a catalyst for a reaction which is desired to be carried out in the GI tract. In this embodiment the reactants present in the GI tract permeate through the exterior phase of the emulsion into an interior phase wherein said catalyst, for example, an enzyme, converts the permeated reactants to reaction products. The reaction products then may permeate through the exterior phase back into the GI tract. In all cases, the liquid membrane encapsulated medicinals may be administered by either oral ingestion or injection anywhere else into the GI tract.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及液膜技术在制备药物中的应用。 可以摄取由本发明制备的药物，并且可以用作GI（胃肠）道中存在的毒素或作为药物的缓释组合物或作为反应器的毒素的捕集器。 在陷阱实施方案中，液体膜包封的药物是包含与GI道中存在的液体不混溶并且可渗透其中的毒素的外部相的乳液，以及与外部相不混溶的内部相，并且包含试剂 能够将所述毒素转化成不可渗透的形式。 此外，亲水性吸附剂如亲水性碳或硅胶可以包封在本发明的乳液中。 当本发明的组合物用作缓释药物时，乳剂的内相将包含一种药物，该药物在乳液的外部相中微溶，由此所述药物在一段时间内渗透所述乳液的外部相 的时间进入胃肠道。 利用本发明组合物的第三种方法包括将希望在GI道中进行的反应的催化剂包封。 在该实施方案中，存在于胃肠道中的反应物渗透通过乳液的外相进入内部相，其中所述催化剂，例如酶将渗透的反应物转化成反应产物。 然后，反应产物可以透过外部相回到胃肠道。 在所有情况下，液体膜包封的药物可以通过口服摄入或其它任何地方注射到胃肠道中来施用。
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公开(公告)号：USRE30125E
公开(公告)日：1979-10-23
申请号：US951352
申请日：1978-10-13
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn , Adam L. Shrier
摘要： This invention relates to a process for the removal of dissolved species from aqueous solutions, which comprises contacting said aqueous solution with an emulsion, said emulsion comprising an exterior phase which is characterized as being immiscible with said aqueous solution and yet permeable to said dissolved species, and an interior phase which contains a reactant capable of converting said dissolved species to a non-permeable form. The dissolved species permeate the exterior phase, into the interior phase where they are converted into nonpermeable forms and thus retained in the interior phase of said emulsion. The aqueous solution, depleted in said dissolved species, is separated from said emulsion and the emulsion cycled for reuse. In one preferred embodiment said dissolved species are ions, and an ion exchange compound is incorporated in the exterior phase of the emulsion, to promote the permeation of said ions through the exterior phase.
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公开(公告)号：US4155844A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-22
申请号：US845854
申请日：1977-10-27
申请人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn
发明人： Norman N. Li , Robert P. Cahn
摘要： The instant invention relates to a process for separating components from liquid mixtures which comprises emulsifying said liquid mixture in an immiscible liquid which is characterized as a solvent for the components. The emulsion is then contacted with an inert gas whereby the components of the mixture which, because of their solubility, permeate into said immiscible liquid, and are stripped therefrom by the inert gas. The components may then be separated from said inert gas stream by condensation and subsequent phase separation or fractionation, by absorption, distillation or by adsorption. In a preferred embodiment of the instant invention the liquid mixture comprises a hydrocarbon which is emulsified in an aqueous surfactant containing liquid. The hydrocarbon mixture contains hydrocarbons of different types, as well as hydrocarbons mixed with oxygenated compounds, i.e. alcohols, ketones, acids, and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment the hydrocarbon mixture contains toluene and heptane. In this embodiment the toluene preferentially permeates into said aqueous surfactant containing liquid and is removed therefrom by a stream of stripping steam.
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公开(公告)号：US06162358A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-19
申请号：US92768
申请日：1998-06-05
申请人： Norman N. Li , Mark A. Kuehne , Robert J. Petersen
发明人： Norman N. Li , Mark A. Kuehne , Robert J. Petersen
CPC分类号： B01D71/56 , B01D69/125
摘要： Reverse osmosis membranes with improved water flux and excellent solute rejection characteristics are formed by interfacial reaction of an essentially monomeric polyamine reactant having an average of at least two amine functional groups with an essentially monomeric amine-reactive reactant having an average of at least 2.05 acyl halide functional groups, the polymerization reaction being conducted in the presence of a monohydric phenol on the surface of a porous substrate. A specific example is a high flux composite membrane prepared by coating a porous substrate with an aqueous solution containing about 0.1-20 wt % m-phenylenediamine and 0.1-9.9 wt % phenol, and interfacially contacting the coated substrate with a nonaqueous solution of about 0.01-10 wt % trimesoyl chloride for a time sufficient to form a polyamide coating, followed optionally by one or more washing and drying steps to remove the nonaqueous solvent and most or all of residual unreacted chemicals.
摘要翻译： 具有改善的水通量和优异的溶质排斥特性的反渗透膜通过具有平均至少两个胺官能团的基本上单体的多胺反应物与基本上单体的胺反应性反应物与平均至少2.05酰卤的界面反应形成 官能团，聚合反应在多孔基材表面的一元酚存在下进行。 一个具体实例是通过用含有约0.1-20重量％间苯二胺和0.1-9.9重量％苯酚的水溶液涂覆多孔基材制备的高通量复合膜，并将涂覆的基材与约0.01的非水溶液接触 -10重量％均苯三酰氯，持续足以形成聚酰胺涂层的时间，随后任选地通过一个或多个洗涤和干燥步骤去除非水溶剂和大部分或全部残留未反应的化学品。
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