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公开(公告)号：US4698203A
公开(公告)日：1987-10-06
申请号：US659877
申请日：1984-10-15
申请人： Claus Ehlers , Josef Schoening
发明人： Claus Ehlers , Josef Schoening
CPC分类号： G21C1/322 , G21C1/07 , Y02E30/36 , Y10S376/911
摘要： Gas-cooled nuclear reactors include circulation systems for cooling gas to remove the heat generated in the reactor core. An improved arrangement includes a plurality of steam generators in a horizontal plane located above the horizontal plane of the reactor core. The cooling gas circulates from the bottom of the reactor core to the top. Improved heat removal is accomplished in this manner as the heated cooling gas enters the steam generators after passage through the reactor core without undergoing further circulation in a horizontal or inverse vertical direction.
摘要翻译： 气冷核反应堆包括用于冷却气体的循环系统，以去除反应堆堆芯中产生的热量。 改进的布置包括位于反应堆芯的水平面上方的水平面中的多个蒸汽发生器。 冷却气体从反应堆堆芯的底部循环到顶部。 以这种方式实现了改进的除热，因为加热的冷却气体在通过反应堆堆芯之后进入蒸汽发生器，而不会在水平或垂直方向上进一步循环。
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公开(公告)号：US4657732A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-14
申请号：US687963
申请日：1984-12-31
申请人： Josef Schoening , Claus Elter
发明人： Josef Schoening , Claus Elter
IPC分类号： G21C1/24 , G21C1/07 , G21C13/02 , G21C13/073 , G21C13/093 , G21C13/10
CPC分类号： G21C13/093 , G21C13/022 , G21C13/073 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A barrier system for a high temperature reactor. The reactor utilizes spherical fuel elements consisting of coated particles of a fissionable material embedded in a graphite matrix, the coating forming a first safety barrier against the release of fissionable material, and the graphite matrix a second such safety barrier. The reactor is surrounded by a prestressed concrete pressure vessel clad on the inside with a metal liner. The metal liner acts as a third safety barrier, while the concrete body of the prestressed concrete pressure vessel forms the fourth, and outermost safety barrier. A plurality of passages are located in the pressure vessel which are closed off by closure means. The closure means provide sealment between the third and fourth barriers in the area of the passages. By utilizing the concrete pressure vessel as a safety barrier in this manner, the need for a separate protective reactor housing is eliminated.
摘要翻译： 高温反应堆的屏障系统。 反应器使用由嵌入在石墨基质中的可裂变材料的涂覆颗粒组成的球形燃料元件，涂层形成抵抗可裂变材料释放的第一安全屏障，石墨基质是第二个这样的安全屏障。 反应器被包裹在内部的金属衬里的预应力混凝土压力容器包围。 金属衬套作为第三安全屏障，而预应力混凝土压力容器的混凝土体形成第四个和最外面的安全栅。 多个通道位于通过关闭装置封闭的压力容器中。 封闭装置提供通道区域中的第三和第四屏障之间的密封。 通过以这种方式利用混凝土压力容器作为安全屏障，消除了对单独的保护性反应器壳体的需要。
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23.发明授权Process and installation to secure a prestressed concrete pressure vessel surrounded by a reactor protection building against excessive pressure and to prevent the release of activity to the environment 失效过程和安装以确保由反应堆保护建筑物围绕的预应力混凝土压力容器，防止过大的压力并防止对环境的活动释放
公开(公告)号：US4645641A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-24
申请号：US780272
申请日：1985-09-26
申请人： Rainer Nicolai , Winfried Wachholz , Ulrich Weicht
发明人： Rainer Nicolai , Winfried Wachholz , Ulrich Weicht
CPC分类号： G21C9/008 , Y02E30/33 , Y10S376/904
摘要： A process and an installation for the securing against excessive pressure in a prestressed concrete pressure vessel of a gas cooled high temperature reactor and for the prevention of activity release into the environment. The process comprises three steps and in each step pressure reducing installations become effective upon the rise of pressure in the prestressed concrete pressure vessel over a predetermined value. In the first step the pressure vessel is relieved by means of the operational gas purification apparatus and a conveying blower into the storage vessels for the cooling gas. In case of a further rise in pressure, in a second step a discharge path equipped with a safety valve and a check valve is opened, which also relieves into the storage vessels while by-passing the gas purification installation. In the third step, if the pressure continues to rise over a predetermined value, a line closed during normal operation by a rupture disk, is open, said line being connected with the discharge path and opening into the air circulation installation of the nuclear reactor plant. The air circulation installation is connected by means of a filter system with an exhaust stack.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在气体冷却高温反应器的预应力混凝土压力容器中抵抗过大压力的装置和用于防止活动释放到环境中的装置。 该过程包括三个步骤，并且在每个步骤中，在预应力混凝土压力容器中的压力上升超过预定值时，减压装置变得有效。 在第一步骤中，压力容器通过操作气体净化装置和输送鼓风机释放到用于冷却气体的储存容器中。 在压力进一步升高的情况下，在第二步骤中，打开配备有安全阀和止回阀的排出路径，同时在旁通气体净化装置的同时也释放到储存容器中。 在第三步骤中，如果压力继续上升超过预定值，则由破裂盘在正常操作期间关闭的管路是开放的，所述管路与排放路径连接并且进入核反应堆设备的空气循环装置 。 空气循环装置通过具有排气叠层的过滤系统连接。
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公开(公告)号：US4504439A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-12
申请号：US292801
申请日：1981-08-14
摘要： It is desirable to being able to vary the temperature of a loop exposed to a flow of hot gases in gas cooled nuclear reactor installations without thereby affecting the gas temperature in the other loops. It should be possible in an extreme case to take the affected loop out of service. This is achieved by arranging under the heat absorbing components in the hot gas channel a means for mixing gas connected with a cold gas line.
摘要翻译： 期望能够改变暴露于气体冷却核反应堆设备中的热气流的环路的温度，而不会影响其它环路中的气体温度。 在极端情况下应该可以使受影响的环路停止服务。 这是通过在热气通道内的热吸收组件的下方设置用于混合与冷气体管线连接的气体的装置来实现的。
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公开(公告)号：US4405055A
公开(公告)日：1983-09-20
申请号：US217815
申请日：1980-12-18
IPC分类号： F22B37/22 , G21C11/08 , G21C13/036 , G21C13/073 , B65D6/10
CPC分类号： F22B37/225 , G21C11/08 , G21C13/036 , G21C13/073 , Y02E30/40
摘要： A vaulted cover for an opening in a pressure vessel comprising a vaulted center piece and an annular rim surrounding thermal insulation material of a cover flange. The rim is assembled of two coaxially arranged cylindrical sections. Expansion gaps and sealing disks are provided about pipe fittings in said vaulted cover in a manner that permits release of pressure through gaps formed by said sealing disks.
摘要翻译： 一种用于压力容器中的开口的拱形盖，包括拱形中心件和围绕盖法兰的隔热材料的环形边缘。 轮辋由两个同轴布置的圆柱形部分组装。 提供了扩展间隙和密封盘关于所述拱形盖中的管件，其允许通过由所述密封盘形成的间隙释放压力。
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公开(公告)号：US4349991A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-21
申请号：US125708
申请日：1980-02-28
CPC分类号： G21C13/073 , Y02E30/40
摘要： Disclosed is a closing arrangement for large passages in a prestressed pressure vessel comprising a cover means for covering the opening of a passage in the prestressed pressure vessel, an annular structural part having an inner boundary surface surrounding the covering means at a distance and defining a space therebetween, a means for securing the annular structural part to the prestressed pressure vessel and a plurality of connecting elements disposed in the space between the annular structural part and the covering means in abutting relationship with the inner boundary surface of the annular structural part and the covering means.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于预应力压力容器中的大通道的闭合装置，包括用于覆盖预应力压力容器中的通道的开口的盖装置，环形结构部件，其具有围绕覆盖装置的内部边界表面，并且限定空间 在其间具有用于将环形结构部件固定到预应力压力容器的装置，以及设置在环形结构部件和覆盖装置之间的空间中的多个连接元件，与环形结构部件的内边界面和盖体 手段。
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27.发明授权Roof reflector for a gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor and process for the disassembly of the roof reflector 失效用于气冷鹅卵石反应堆的屋顶反射器和用于拆卸屋顶反射器的工艺
公开(公告)号：US4290852A
公开(公告)日：1981-09-22
申请号：US32434
申请日：1979-04-23
摘要： The invention concerns a roof reflector suspended from the thermal cover shield of a gas-cooled pebble-bed reactor with a plurality of passages for absorber rods arranged in a triangular lattice, and with channels for the passage of the cooling gas. The roof reflector comprises a plurality of essentially hexagonal graphite blocks arranged in several layers to form vertical, closely-adjacent columns. A process for the disassembly of the roof reflector is further provided.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种从气体冷却的卵石床反应器的热盖罩悬挂的屋顶反射器，其具有布置成三角形格子的吸收棒的多个通道和用于冷却气体通过的通道。 屋顶反射器包括多个基本上六角形的石墨块，其布置成几层以形成垂直的，紧密相邻的柱。 还提供了用于拆卸屋顶反射器的工艺。
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公开(公告)号：US4183784A
公开(公告)日：1980-01-15
申请号：US825545
申请日：1977-08-16
申请人： Dirk Haferkamp , Alija Hodzic , Paul Moser , Dieter Prasch
发明人： Dirk Haferkamp , Alija Hodzic , Paul Moser , Dieter Prasch
摘要： Disclosed is a nuclear reactor plant, comprising:a prestressed concrete pressure vessel;a high temperature reactor arranged in a central cavity within the vessel;a closed gas cooling circuit including at least one housed gas turbo unit arranged in a turbine duct in the wall of the vessel, said unit including a turbine and a compressor and having detachable bearings; means for exchanging heat and means for transporting gas in the cooling circuit including hot gas from the reactor to the turbine, said heat exchange means and said gas transport means being arranged in recesses in the wall of the vessel;means for forming a detachable plug-in type connection between the hot gas transport means and each turbo unit;means, positioned at the edge of the turbine duct, for connecting all remaining gas transport means to the turbo unit;means, including peripheral sealing members positioned between the inside wall of the turbine duct and the outer housing of the turbo unit, for separating each of the remaining gas transport means from each other;means for detachably connecting each turbo unit to the inside of its turbine duct;remote control means for detaching these connecting means;means, including at least one lifting device controllable from outside of the vessel through a bore in the wall of the vessel, for dismounting each turbo unit from within its turbine duct;means for detaching from outside of the vessel all connections to each turbo unit which must be removed in order for removal of the turbo unit from its turbine duct; andmeans, including a duct through the wall of said vessel, for gaining access to each bearing of each turbo unit.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种核反应堆设备，包括：预应力混凝土压力容器; 设置在容器内的中心空腔中的高温反应器; 封闭式气体冷却回路，其包括布置在容器壁上的涡轮机管道中的至少一个容纳气体涡轮机单元，所述单元包括涡轮机和压缩机，并具有可拆卸的轴承; 用于交换热量的装置和用于将包括来自反应器的热气体的冷却回路中的气体输送到涡轮机的装置，所述热交换装置和所述气体输送装置设置在容器的壁中的凹部中; 用于在热气体输送装置和每个涡轮单元之间形成可拆卸插入式连接的装置; 装置，定位在涡轮机管道的边缘处，用于将所有剩余的气体输送装置连接到涡轮机单元; 包括定位在涡轮机管道的内壁和涡轮机单元的外壳之间的周边密封构件，用于将每个剩余的气体输送装置彼此分离; 用于将每个涡轮单元可拆卸地连接到其涡轮机管道内部的装置; 用于分离这些连接装置的遥控装置; 装置，包括至少一个提升装置，可从容器外部通过容器的壁中的孔可控制，用于从其涡轮管内拆卸每个涡轮单元; 用于从船舶外部拆卸与每个涡轮机单元的连接的装置，其必须被移除，以便从其涡轮机管道移除涡轮机单元; 以及包括通过所述容器的壁的管道的装置，用于进入每个涡轮机单元的每个轴承。
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29.发明授权Process and apparatus for shutdown and control of a gas-cooled nuclear reactor 失效用于关闭和控制气冷式核反应堆的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4148685A
公开(公告)日：1979-04-10
申请号：US780046
申请日：1977-03-22
申请人： Siegfried Brandes
发明人： Siegfried Brandes
CPC分类号： G21C7/08 , G21C1/07 , G21Y2002/202 , G21Y2002/501 , G21Y2004/30 , Y02E30/33 , Y02E30/36 , Y02E30/39
摘要： Disclosed are a method and apparatus for regulating and shutting down a gas cooled nuclear reactor having a bed of spherical fuel elements, wherein regulation of the reactor is accomplished by a first set of absorber rods in the side reflector of the reactor, partial shutdown is achieved by a second set of absorber rods movable in the top reflector and in the space above the fuel elements, and total shutdown is accomplished by a third independent set of absorber rods which can be moved downwardly into the fuel elements.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于调节和关闭具有球形燃料元件床的气体冷却核反应堆的方法和装置，其中反应器的调节由反应器的侧反射器中的第一组吸收棒实现，实现部分关闭 通过可在顶部反射器中和在燃料元件上方的空间中移动的第二组吸收器杆，并且通过可以向下移动到燃料元件中的第三独立的吸收杆组完成关闭。
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30.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5110006A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-05
申请号：US570627
申请日：1990-08-21
CPC分类号： G21C11/086 , F16L59/029 , F16L59/12 , Y02E30/40 , Y10S220/901
摘要： A heat insulation system may protect surfaces along which a hot gas stream is conducted. The insulation may be several plies of slightly compressed ceramic fiber mats, separated by intermediate plates. Cover plates are attached to the hot side. The cover plates are mounted by holding bolts on the support structure carrying the insulation. The support structure may be the liner of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. Thickness and size of the cover plates are optimized with regard to the stresses occurring at the edges of the holes provided for the holding bolts to ensure dimensional stability of the fiber mats and the functional capability of the metallic mounting system during a long period of time. Several sealing sleeves may be arranged on each holding bolt. In a first solution, some intermediate plates exhibit lug-shaped points stamped out of the plates on both sides in vertical areas of the heat insulation system. The lug-shaped points which transfer the forces of the fiber mats to the intermediate plates. In a second solution, the function of these intermediate plates may be taken over by layers of expanded metal arranged between the fiber mats.
摘要翻译： 隔热系统可以保护传导热气流的表面。 绝缘可以是几层轻微压缩的陶瓷纤维垫，由中间板隔开。 盖板连接到热侧。 盖板通过固定螺栓安装在承载绝缘体的支撑结构上。 支撑结构可以是核反应堆压力容器的衬管。 关于在为保持螺栓设置的孔的边缘处发生的应力而优化盖板的厚度和尺寸，以确保纤维垫的尺寸稳定性和金属安装系统在长时间内的功能性。 每个固定螺栓上可以安装几个密封套筒。 在第一种解决方案中，一些中间板在绝热系统的垂直区域中表现出从两侧板上冲出的凸耳形点。 将纤维垫的力传递到中间板的凸耳状点。 在第二种解决方案中，这些中间板的功能可以由配置在纤维垫之间的多孔金属制成。
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