公开(公告)号：US07454144B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

申请号：US11844940

申请日：2007-08-24

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Rene′-Jean Essiambre ,  Lisa Kathleen Wickham

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Rene′-Jean Essiambre ,  Lisa Kathleen Wickham

IPC: H04B10/00

CPC classification number: H04B10/25253

Abstract: A process optically transports digital data over an all-optical long-haul communication path. The process includes transporting digital optical data signals at a selected bit rate and a selected wavelength over a sequence of transmission spans. The sequence includes 70 percent or more of the spans of the long-haul all-optical communication path. Each span of the sequence has a primary local maximum optical power point for the wavelength on a transmission fiber and nearest to an input of the span. The transporting causes a cumulative dispersion of each signal to evolve such that residual dispersions per span are positive over some of the spans and are negative over other of the spans. At the primary local maximum power points, magnitudes of cumulative dispersions of the signals in pico seconds per nanometer remain at less than 32,000 times the inverse of the bit rate in giga bits per second.

Abstract translation: 一种过程通过全光学长途通信路径光学传输数字数据。 该过程包括以选定的比特率传送数字光学数据信号，并在一系列传输跨度上传输选定的波长。 该序列包括长距离全光通信路径的70％或更多的跨度。 序列的每个跨度具有用于传输光纤上的波长并且最接近跨度的输入的主要局部最大光功率点。 运输导致每个信号的累积色散发展使得每跨度的每个跨度的残余分散是正的，并且在其它跨度上是负的。 在主要局部最大功率点，信号的累积分散幅度以微微秒/纳米为单位，保持在小于每秒百兆比特比特率的倒数的32,000倍。

公开(公告)号：US07433117B2

公开(公告)日：2008-10-07

申请号：US11412018

申请日：2006-04-26

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Christopher Richard Doerr ,  Gregory Raybon

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Christopher Richard Doerr ,  Gregory Raybon

IPC: H01S3/00 ,  G02B6/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/5009 ,  H01S3/06712 ,  H01S3/10007 ,  H01S3/10023 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/2308

Abstract: A polarization-diverse optical amplifier includes a polarization-sensitive optically active medium and a polarization splitter. The polarization splitter is configured to receive input light, to direct a first polarization component of the received input light to a first optical path segment, and to direct a second polarization component of the received input light to a separate second optical path segment. The active medium has first and second optical ports. The first optical port is at an end of the first optical path segment. The second port is at an end of the second optical path segment. The active medium outputs amplified light from one of the ports in response to receiving the input light at the other of the ports. In a preferred embodiment, the active medium has an internal optical axis, and the polarizations of the first and second components are oriented relative to that axis so that amplification is enhanced. The two optical path segments may include polarization-maintaining optical waveguides.

Abstract translation: 偏振分集光放大器包括偏振光敏光学介质和偏振分光器。 偏振分离器被配置为接收输入光，以将接收的输入光的第一偏振分量引导到第一光路段，并将接收的输入光的第二偏振分量引导到单独的第二光路段。 活动介质具有第一和第二光学端口。 第一光口位于第一光路段的一端。 第二端口处于第二光路段的一端。 响应于在另一个端口处接收输入光，有源介质从一个端口输出放大的光。 在优选实施例中，活性介质具有内部光轴，并且第一和第二组分的极化相对于该轴取向，从而增强了放大。 两个光路段可以包括偏振保持光波导。

公开(公告)号：US20070253055A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-01

申请号：US11412018

申请日：2006-04-26

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Christopher Doerr ,  Gregory Raybon

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Christopher Doerr ,  Gregory Raybon

IPC: H01S3/00

CPC classification number: H01S5/5009 ,  H01S3/06712 ,  H01S3/10007 ,  H01S3/10023 ,  H01S3/1301 ,  H01S3/2308

Abstract: A polarization-diverse optical amplifier includes a polarization-sensitive optically active medium and a polarization splitter. The polarization splitter is configured to receive input light, to direct a first polarization component of the received input light to a first optical path segment, and to direct a second polarization component of the received input light to a separate second optical path segment. The active medium has first and second optical ports. The first optical port is at an end of the first optical path segment. The second port is at an end of the second optical path segment. The active medium outputs amplified light from one of the ports in response to receiving the input light at the other of the ports. In a preferred embodiment, the active medium has an internal optical axis, and the polarizations of the first and second components are oriented relative to that axis so that amplification is enhanced. The two optical path segments may include polarization-maintaining optical waveguides.

Abstract translation: 偏振分集光放大器包括偏振光敏光学介质和偏振分光器。 偏振分离器被配置为接收输入光，以将接收的输入光的第一偏振分量引导到第一光路段，并将接收的输入光的第二偏振分量引导到单独的第二光路段。 活动介质具有第一和第二光学端口。 第一光口位于第一光路段的一端。 第二端口处于第二光路段的一端。 响应于在另一个端口处接收输入光，有源介质从一个端口输出放大的光。 在优选实施例中，活性介质具有内部光轴，并且第一和第二组分的极化相对于该轴取向，从而增强了放大。 两个光路段可以包括偏振保持光波导。

公开(公告)号：US20060210993A1

公开(公告)日：2006-09-21

申请号：US11064907

申请日：2005-02-23

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Bernard Yurke

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Bernard Yurke

IPC: C12Q1/68 ,  C12M1/34

CPC classification number: G02B6/124 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01N33/553 ,  G01N33/588

Abstract: An apparatus includes a substrate and a plurality of DNA oligomers in contact with a top surface of the substrate. The substrate is a polar ferroelectric or a polar compound semiconductor.

公开(公告)号：US07079714B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-18

申请号：US10631649

申请日：2003-07-31

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Douglas M. Gill ,  Mark Lee

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Douglas M. Gill ,  Mark Lee

IPC: G02F1/035

CPC classification number: G02F1/2255 ,  G02F2201/12

Abstract: The present invention is an improved electro-optical device comprising a substrate-supported layer of electro-optical material disposed between upper and lower electrodes. Conventional practice has been to make the electrodes thick to minimize electrical loss. Applicants, in contrast, have discovered that the performance of the device can be improved by making the electrodes thin—typically about 2 microns or less and preferably about 0.5 micron or less. While the thin electrodes take a relatively large loss penalty at low frequencies, at higher frequencies the thin electrodes provide a relatively low loss, thus producing a flattened frequency response as compared with thick electrode devices. The device can maintain a wide operating bandwidth at frequencies of interest for optical transmission while reducing the required drive voltage.

Abstract translation: 本发明是一种改进的电光装置，其包括设置在上电极和下电极之间的电光材料的基片支撑层。 传统的做法是使电极变厚以最小化电损耗。 相比之下，申请人已经发现，可以通过使电极变薄 - 通常约2微米或更小，优选约0.5微米或更小来提高器件的性能。 虽然薄电极在低频下具有相对较大的损耗损失，但是在较高频率下，薄电极提供相对较低的损耗，从而与厚电极器件相比产生平坦化的频率响应。 该设备可以在减少所需的驱动电压的同时，在光学传输的频率下维持宽的工作带宽。

公开(公告)号：US20060045541A1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-02

申请号：US10932980

申请日：2004-09-02

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Rene-Jean Essiambre ,  Gregory Raybon

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Rene-Jean Essiambre ,  Gregory Raybon

IPC: H04B10/04

CPC classification number: H04B10/2531

Abstract: An apparatus includes a non-solitonic all-optical communication path having serially connected first and second segments. The first segment end-couples to a lumped optical transmitter. The second segment end-couples to a lumped optical receiver. Each segment has a series of spans of transmission optical fibers. The all-optical communication path has an optical phase conjugator that optically end-couples the first segment to the second segment. The optical phase conjugator is positioned away from the path's midpoint.

公开(公告)号：US20050269593A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：US11180350

申请日：2005-07-13

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Slusher

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Hock Ng ,  Richart Slusher

IPC: H01L21/205 ,  B81B1/00 ,  G02B6/122 ,  H01J1/30 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J9/02 ,  H01L21/306 ,  H01L29/24

CPC classification number: B82Y20/00 ,  B81B1/00 ,  G02B6/1225 ,  G02B2006/12035 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J3/022 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01L21/0254 ,  H01L21/02639 ,  H01L21/30612

Abstract: A fabrication method produces a mechanically patterned layer of group III-nitride. The method includes providing a crystalline substrate and forming a first layer of a first group III-nitride on a planar surface of the substrate. The first layer has a single polarity and also has a pattern of holes or trenches that expose a portion of the substrate. The method includes then, epitaxially growing a second layer of a second group III-nitride over the first layer and the exposed portion of substrate. The first and second group III-nitrides have different alloy compositions. The method also includes subjecting the second layer to an aqueous solution of base to mechanically pattern the second layer.

Abstract translation: 制造方法产生III族氮化物的机械图案化层。 该方法包括提供晶体衬底并在衬底的平坦表面上形成第一III族氮化物的第一层。 第一层具有单一极性，并且还具有露出基板的一部分的孔或沟槽的图案。 该方法包括在第一层和衬底的暴露部分上外延生长第二III族氮化物层的第二层。 第一和第二III族氮化物具有不同的合金组成。 该方法还包括使第二层经受基底水溶液以机械地图形化第二层。

公开(公告)号：US06856450B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-15

申请号：US10122804

申请日：2002-04-15

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Robert Meachem Jopson

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Robert Meachem Jopson

IPC: G02F1/355 ,  G02F2/02 ,  G02F1/35

CPC classification number: G02F2/02 ,  G02F2203/56

Abstract: An optical comb generator includes frequency-shifting elements of a particular type that we refer to as a “frequency mirror.” A frequency mirror mixes input light at a signal frequency and a reference frequency to produce output light at a third frequency that lies in contraposition to the signal frequency relative to the reference frequency. The comb generator includes at least two frequency mirrors, having respective reference frequencies F1 and F2. At least some of the power of a light beam is shifted by the first frequency mirror from an input frequency to a frequency that lies in contraposition thereto relative to F1, and then light at the shifted frequency is shifted to yet a new frequency by the second frequency mirror. The resulting twice-shifted frequency lies in contraposition to the once-shifted frequency, relative to F2. The result is that a difference of 2(F2−F1) separates the twice-shifted frequency from the input frequency. This process is repeatable to generate a comb of equally spaced, shifted frequencies. In specific embodiments of the invention, the frequency mirror is a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) device pumped by laser radiation at the pertinent reference frequency.

Abstract translation: 光梳发生器包括我们称为“频率镜”的特定类型的频移元件。 频率镜以信号频率和参考频率混合输入光，以产生与相对于参考频率的信号频率相对的第三频率的输出光。 梳状发生器包括至少两个具有相应参考频率F1和F2的频率镜。 光束的至少一部分功率被第一频率镜从输入频率偏移到与F1相对应的频率，然后移位频率的光被第二频率转移到新的频率 频率镜。 所产生的两次移位的频率与相对于F2的一次移动频率相对。 结果是2（F2-F1）的差异将两倍频率与输入频率分开。 该过程是可重复的，以产生等间隔移位频率的梳。 在本发明的具体实施例中，频率镜是在相关参考频率下通过激光辐射泵浦的周期性极化铌酸锂（PPLN）器件。

公开(公告)号：US06433919B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-13

申请号：US09575040

申请日：2000-05-19

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury ,  Leon McCaughan

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury ,  Leon McCaughan

IPC: G02F1365

CPC classification number: G02F2/004 ,  G02F1/3534

Abstract: A two-dimensional second order nonlinear lattice formed in a lattice body is utilized for performing a one-step optical carrier wavelength interchange between pairs of input optical signals. The lattice body includes sensitized regions arranged in a two-dimensional array in a matrix material with the sensitized regions differing from the matrix material in the sign of the second order susceptibility. When an optical pump signal is coupled to the lattice body at a frequency corresponding to the sum of the frequencies of the two input signals, nonlinear interactions in the lattice body produce wavelength interchange between the input signals, resulting in angularly deflected optical signals exiting the lattice body in which the signal information on the input signals is interchanged between the carrier frequencies of the two input signals. The apparatus can be utilized to provide switching of optical signals and wavelength interchange for applications such as in wavelength division multiplexed communication systems.

Abstract translation: 在晶格体中形成的二维二阶非线性晶格被用于在输入光信号对之间执行一步光载波波长交换。 晶格体包括以矩阵材料二维阵列布置的敏化区域，其中敏感区域与基质材料不同于二阶易感性的符号。 当光泵浦信号以对应于两个输入信号的频率之和的频率耦合到晶格体时，晶格体中的非线性相互作用产生输入信号之间的波长交换，导致离开晶格的角度偏转的光信号 其中输入信号的信号信息在两个输入信号的载波频率之间互换。 该装置可以用于为诸如波分复用通信系统之类的应用提供光信号和波长交换的切换。

公开(公告)号：US09363103B2

公开(公告)日：2016-06-07

申请号：US13531019

申请日：2012-06-22

Applicant: Aref Chowdhury

Inventor： Aref Chowdhury

IPC: H04W52/02 ,  H04L12/54 ,  H04W40/00

CPC classification number: H04L12/5692 ,  H04W40/00 ,  H04W52/02 ,  Y02D70/142 ,  Y02D70/144 ,  Y02D70/162 ,  Y02D70/168

Abstract: An energy-management system for controlling energy consumption in a relatively small network of energy-consuming/generating objects connected to an electricity grid and located, e.g., at a user premises. The energy consumption is managed through a programmable gateway device that can be accessed remotely, e.g., through a smart-meter network of the utility company or through a short-range wireless link. A user interface for the remote access can be implemented, e.g., using a smart phone or a tablet. In operation, the gateway device advantageously provides the user and/or the utility company with numerous opportunities for realizing cost and/or energy savings through appropriate and timely response to various actionable conditions, such as price-of-electricity fluctuations, configuration-modification requests, failure notices, service requirements, hazard signals, etc.

Abstract translation: 一种能量管理系统，用于控制连接到电力网并位于用户房屋处的能量消耗/产生物体的相对小的网络中的能量消耗。 能量消耗通过可编程网关设备进行管理，该设备可以远程访问，例如通过公用事业公司的智能电表网络或通过短距离无线链路进行访问。 可以实现用于远程访问的用户界面，例如使用智能电话或平板电脑。 在操作中，网关设备有利地向用户和/或公用事业公司提供许多机会，通过适当和及时地响应诸如电价波动，配置修改请求等各种可操作的条件来实现成本和/或节能 ，故障通知，服务要求，危险信号等