摘要:
An image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a movable body to be charged and a charger including a charging member that contacts or adjoins the body to be charged and applies a voltage, including an AC component, to the charging member for thereby charging the body. A protection substance for protecting the surface of the body from deterioration ascribable to charging is caused to exist on the body. The number of particular elements, contained in the protection substance and detected by an X-ray photon spectral analyzer (XPS) in a zone where the charging member charges the body, is held in a particular ratio to the total number of all elements constituting the outermost surface of the body and also detected by the XPS.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a simulation tool, which can overcome complications of examinations by simulations as described above and can provide a designer with easy examinations. A simulation based on a design parameter of a unit is implemented. Furthermore, a simulation result implemented by the control device is output on a display screen as a graph. Then, the unit design parameter is corrected in accordance with a correction in the graph displayed on the display screen. Thus, the simulation can be retried easily.
摘要:
A data medium handling apparatus and a data medium handling method suitable for use for handling of documents, for example, in a financial organ. The data medium handling apparatus (30) for recognizing, based on an image (19) read from a data medium on which information is described in an arbitrary format, the information, is constructed such that it comprises means (2) for extracting characteristics unique to the data medium including the format from the read image data (19) and specifying, from the characteristics, a position at which information to be recognized is present, and image recognition means (3) for recognizing the image (19) at the position specified by the is preceding means (2) to discriminate the information, so that the data medium handling apparatus (30) can handle documents having various formats such as private slips.
摘要:
A substrate holder and an electrode are arranged facing each other in a vacuum chamber. The electrode is provided with a process gas introduction mechanism and a gas blowoff plate. A substrate is loaded on the substrate holder, the process gas is introduced, and electric power is supplied between the substrate holder and the electrode to generate plasma for etching the substrate surface. At the rear side of the gas blowoff plate in the vacuum chamber, a plurality of magnets is provided at concentric positions. The magnetic field strength resulting from the magnets on the surface of the substrate is made 0 Gauss. By using the magnets in this way and improving the magnets, it is possible to establish a better etching process for various materials to be etched.
摘要:
To be able to reduce the size of a drive part and, as a result, to achieve the reduction in size and the lowering of manufacturing cots of a gate valve. An open/close mechanism is configured from a turning pair only. This open/close mechanism is configured from a first swing link, second swing link and coupling link. The first swing link is driven by a rotation cylinder to perform a swinging motion. The second swing link is connected to a drive shaft and performs a swinging motion with the drive shaft as its axis. The first swing link and second swing link are coupled by the coupling link. When the rotation cylinder is driven, whereby the first swing link is caused to swing, the coupling link is vertically driven whereby the second swing link is caused to swing. As a result, a valve, connected to the second swing link, swings and the opening and closing operation of the flow path port is performed.
摘要:
The present invention provides a substrate processing apparatus having improved temperature distribution on a block heater and improved productivity. The substrate processing apparatus includes a reactor having an exhaust unit to form a vacuum environment therein for processing a surface of a substrate, a support member provided in the reactor, and gas introduction units for introducing reactive gases into the reactor, the substrate support member including a block heater. The block heater has upper, intermediate and lower members, which are placed one over another, the faying surfaces of the respective members being joined by diffusion bonding. A heating member is provided between the intermediate and lower members, and purge gas passages are formed between the intermediate and upper members.
摘要:
Disclosed is an organic electroluminescent device comprising a light-emitting layer containing an organic matter, and a film so arranged as to face the light-emitting layer and located in the front surface portion of the device. The film has projections and recesses in a surface opposite to the light-emitting layer-side surface, while having a haze value of not less than 70% and a total light transmittance of not less than 80%.
摘要:
A dry toner contains fine particles having average sphericity of 0.93 to 0.99, a content of the fine particles having a particle diameter of 2 μm or less in the dry toner is 20% by number or less. A method for manufacturing a dry toner includes a process for dispersing in an aqueous medium containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent, a toner composition contained in an organic solvent by using fine solid dispersing agent; and a process for contracting volume of the dispersed toner composition. Further, the image forming apparatus having a photoconductor; a charger for charging the photoconductor; a light irradiator for irradiating the electrophotographic photoconductor to form a latent electrostatic image; a developer for developing the latent electrostatic image to form a developed image; and a transfer for transferring the developed image to a recording material, and the developer contains the dry toner abovementioned.
摘要:
The invention provides an aided design apparatus including a output element for outputting data of an attribute name associated with an attribute group of a part used for transporting a sheet along with three-dimensional shape data of the part. The invention further provides a related aided design method and a recording medium for recording a program for carrying out the method, wherein the data of parts used in a simulation for paper transportation can be easily exchanged.
摘要:
A dry toner contains fine particles having average sphericity of 0.93 to 0.99, a content of the fine particles having a particle diameter of 2 μm or less in the dry toner is 20% by number or less. A method for manufacturing a dry toner includes a process for dispersing in an aqueous medium containing water and a water-soluble organic solvent, a toner composition contained in an organic solvent by using fine solid dispersing agent; and a process for contracting volume of the dispersed toner composition. Further, the image forming apparatus having a photoconductor; a charger for charging the photoconductor; a light irradiator for irradiating the electrophotographic photoconductor to form a latent electrostatic image; a developer for developing the latent electrostatic image to form a developed image; and a transfer for transferring the developed image to a recording material, and the developer contains the dry toner abovementioned.