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    Battery having a built-in controller
    32.
    发明授权
    Battery having a built-in controller 失效
    电池内置控制器

    公开(公告)号：US06835491B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-12-28

    申请号：US09275495

    申请日：1999-03-24

    申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

    发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

    IPC分类号： H01M1048

    CPC分类号： H01M10/48 ,  H01M6/5044 ,  H01M10/425 ,  H01M10/4257 ,  H01M2200/00

    摘要： A multiple-cell battery having a built-in controller is disclosed that extends the run time of the battery. The controller may extend the run time of the battery, for example, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is greater than a cut-off voltage of an electronic device, by converting the cell voltage to an output voltage that is less than the nominal voltage of the electrochemical cell of the battery, or by protecting the electrochemical cell from current peaks. The controller may also include a ground bias circuit that provides a virtual ground so that a converter may operate at lower cell voltages. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery. The individual cells of the multiple-cell battery may be connected in series or parallel. In addition, the individual cells may have a controller in each cell that is capable of performing one or more functions to extend the run time of the cell.

    摘要翻译： 公开了具有内置控制器的多节电池，其延长了电池的运行时间。 控制器可以延长电池的运行时间，例如通过将电池电压转换成小于电子装置的截止电压的输出电压，将电池电压转换成小于 电池的电化学电池的标称电压，或通过保护电化学电池免受电流峰值的影响。 控制器还可以包括提供虚拟接地的接地偏置电路，使得转换器可以在较低的电池电压下工作。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。 多节电池的单个电池可以串联或并联连接。 此外，各个单元可以在每个单元中具有能够执行一个或多个功能以延长单元的运行时间的控制器。

    Intracutaneous microneedle array apparatus
    34.
    发明授权
    Intracutaneous microneedle array apparatus 有权
    内皮微针阵列装置

    公开(公告)号：US06379324B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

    申请号：US09328947

    申请日：1999-06-09

    申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Grover David Owens ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov

    发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic ,  Grover David Owens ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman ,  Vadim Vladimirovich Yuzhakov

    IPC分类号： A61B1720

    CPC分类号： B81C99/0085 ,  A61B5/14514 ,  A61B5/150022 ,  A61B5/150099 ,  A61B5/150282 ,  A61B5/150389 ,  A61B5/150412 ,  A61B5/150458 ,  A61B5/150969 ,  A61B5/150984 ,  A61M37/0015 ,  A61M2037/0023 ,  A61M2037/003 ,  A61M2037/0053 ,  B29L2031/7544 ,  B29L2031/756 ,  B81B2201/055

    摘要： A first embodiment microneedle array is constructed of silicon and silicon dioxide compounds using MEMS technology and standard microfabrication techniques to create hollow cylindrical individual microneedles. The resulting array of microneedles can penetrate with a small pressure through the stratum corneum of skin to either deliver drugs or to facilitate interstitial fluid sampling through the hollow microneedles into the epidermis. The delivery of drugs and sampling of fluids can be performed by way of passive diffusion (time release), instantaneous injection, or iontophoresis. In a second embodiment, an array of hollow (or solid) microneedles is constructed of plastic or some other type of molded or cast material. An electric field may be used to increase transdermal flow rate, and the microneedles can be effectively combined with the application of an electric field between an anode and cathode attached to the skin which causes a low-level electric current. As a drug delivery system, the microneedle array includes electrodes that apply an electric potential to the skin between the electrode locations. One of the electrode assemblies is filled with an ionized drug, and the charged drug molecules move into the body due to the applied electric potential. As a body-fluid sampling system, the microneedle array also includes electrodes to assist in moving fluid from the body into a receiving chamber, and which further includes a bioelectrochemical sensor to measure the concentration of a particular substance.

    摘要翻译： 第一实施例微针阵列由硅和二氧化硅化合物构成，使用MEMS技术和标准微加工技术来制造中空圆柱形单个微针。 所得的微针阵列可以通过皮肤的角质层穿透小的压力，以递送药物或促进通过空心微针进入表皮的间质液取样。 可以通过被动扩散（时间释放），瞬时注射或离子电渗法进行药物的输送和液体取样。 在第二实施例中，中空（或固体）微针的阵列由塑料或其它类型的模制或铸造材料构成。 可以使用电场来增加透皮流速，并且可以将微针与附着在皮肤上的阳极和阴极之间的电场的施加有效地组合，这导致低电平电流。 作为药物递送系统，微针阵列包括在电极位置之间向皮肤施加电位的电极。 电极组件中的一个填充有电离药物，并且带电药物分子由于施加的电位而进入体内。 作为体液采样系统，微针阵列还包括有助于将流体从身体移动到接收室中的电极，并且还包括用于测量特定物质浓度的生物电化学传感器。

    Battery having a built-in controller
    35.
    发明授权
    Battery having a built-in controller 失效
    电池内置控制器

    公开(公告)号：US6163131A

    公开(公告)日：2000-12-19

    申请号：US54087

    申请日：1998-04-02

    申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

    发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Dragan Danilo Nebrigic

    IPC分类号： G01N27/416 ,  H02J7/00

    CPC分类号： H02J50/12 ,  H02J7/025 ,  H02M3/00

    摘要： A battery having a built-in controller that controls one or more functions of the battery is disclosed. The battery may, for example, control a charge or a discharge cycle of a battery, disconnect an electrochemical cell from the terminals of the battery in an emergency condition, provide electronic identification of cell characteristics or conditions, or provide a low remaining charge warning. The battery may be a single-cell battery, a universal single-cell battery, a multiple-cell battery or a multiple-cell hybrid battery. Each individual cell preferably has a built-in controller.

    摘要翻译： 公开了具有控制电池的一个或多个功能的内置控制器的电池。 例如，电池可以控制电池的充电或放电循环，在紧急情况下将电池的电池从电池的端子断开，提供电池特性或条件的电子识别，或提供低的剩余电量警告。 电池可以是单节电池，通用单节电池，多节电池或多节电池混合电池。 每个单元优选地具有内置的控制器。

    Method of exfoliation of skin using closely-packed microstructures
    40.
    发明授权
    Method of exfoliation of skin using closely-packed microstructures 有权
    使用紧密堆积的微结构剥离皮肤的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08702726B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

    申请号：US12906918

    申请日：2010-10-18

    申请人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman

    发明人： Vladimir Gartstein ,  Faiz Feisal Sherman

    IPC分类号： A61B17/50

    CPC分类号： A61M37/0015 ,  A45D26/0004 ,  A61B17/205 ,  A61B17/54 ,  A61B2017/00761 ,  A61M2037/003

    摘要： An improved method and apparatus is provided as a system to enhance skin appearance and health, in which skin is cleaned (or exfoliated) and conditioned by use of microelements affixed to a base element or hand-held patch. The dimensions of the microelements are controlled so as to remove a certain number of layers of skin cells and to accumulate those skin cells, along with other foreign substances, into areas between the microelements. In addition, a conditioning compound or therapeutic active can be applied to the exfoliated skin to enhance the skin. Moreover, the amount of accumulated skin cells represents a self-limiting maximum quantity that cannot be substantially exceeded regardless of the number of attempts by a user to re-use the microstructure apparatus. Some of the microstructures are designed with very close-packed microelements, which in some cases have flexible substrates.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种改进的方法和装置，作为增强皮肤外观和健康的系统，其中皮肤被清洁（或剥离）并通过使用固定在基底元件或手持贴片上的微量元件进行调理。 控制微量元素的尺寸以去除一定数量的皮肤细胞层，并将这些皮肤细胞与其它外来物质一起积聚在微量元素之间的区域中。 此外，调理化合物或治疗活性物质可以施用于剥离的皮肤以增强皮肤。 此外，无论使用者重复使用微结构装置的尝试次数多少，累积的皮肤细胞的量代表不能大幅超过的自限制最大量。 一些微结构被设计成非常紧密堆积的微量元素，其在一些情况下具有柔性基底。