Abstract:
According to one or more embodiments, a chemical feed distributor may include a chemical feed inlet, a body, a plurality of primary chemical feed outlets, and a secondary chemical feed outlet. The chemical feed inlet may pass a chemical feed stream into the chemical feed distributor. One or more walls of the body may define an elongated chemical feed stream flow path. The plurality of primary chemical feed outlets may be spaced along at least a portion of the length of the elongated chemical feed stream flow path and may be operable to pass a first portion of the chemical feed stream out of the feed distributor and into a vessel. The secondary chemical feed outlet may be downstream of the plurality of primary chemical feed outlets and may be operable to pass a second portion of the chemical feed stream out of the chemical feed distributor.
Abstract:
A method for operating an acetylene hydrogenation unit of a steam cracking system that integrates a fluidized catalytic dehydrogenation (FCDh) effluent from a fluidized catalytic dehydrogenation (FCDh) system may include separating a cracked gas from the steam cracking system into at least a hydrogenation feed comprising at least acetylene, CO, and hydrogen, introducing the FCDh effluent to the separation system, combining the FCDh effluent with the cracked gas upstream of the separation system, or both. The method may include hydrogenating acetylene in the hydrogenation feed. Elevated CO concentration in the hydrogenation feed due to the FCDh effluent may reduce a reaction rate of acetylene hydrogenation. The acetylene hydrogenation unit may operate at an elevated temperature relative to normal operating temperatures when the portion of the FCDh effluent is not integrated, such that a concentration of acetylene in the hydrogenated effluent is less than a threshold acetylene concentration.
Abstract:
According to one or more embodiments presently disclosed, a method for processing a chemical stream may include contacting a feed stream with a catalyst in a reactor portion of a reactor system that includes a reactor portion and a catalyst processing portion. Contacting the feed stream with the catalyst may cause a reaction forming an effluent. The method may include separating the effluent stream from the catalyst, passing the catalyst to the catalyst processing portion, and processing the catalyst in the catalyst processing portion. Processing the catalyst may include passing the catalyst to a combustor, combusting a supplemental fuel stream in the combustor to heat the catalyst, and treating the heated catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas. The supplemental fuel stream may include at least 1 mol % of one or more hydrocarbons, and a weight ratio of catalyst to hydrocarbons in the combustor may be at least 300:1.
Abstract:
A method for operating an acetylene hydrogenation unit in an integrated steam cracking-fluidized catalytic dehydrogenation (FCDh) system may include separating a cracked gas from a steam cracking system and an FCDh effluent from an FCDh system into a hydrogenation feed and an acetylene-depleted stream, the hydrogenation feed comprising at least hydrogen, CO, and acetylene. During normal operating conditions, at least 20% of the CO in the hydrogenation feed is from the cracked gas. The method may include contacting the hydrogenation feed with an acetylene hydrogenation catalyst to hydrogenate at least a portion of the acetylene in the hydrogenation feed to produce a hydrogenated effluent. The steam cracking is operated under conditions that increase CO production such that a concentration of CO in the cracked gas is great enough that when a flowrate of the FCDh effluent is zero, a CO concentration in the hydrogenation feed is at least 100 ppmv.
Abstract:
A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.
Abstract:
A process for dehydrogenating alkane or alkylaromatic compounds comprising contacting the given compound and a dehydrogenation catalyst in a fluidized bed. The dehydrogenation catalyst is prepared from an at least partially deactivated platinum/gallium catalyst on an alumina-based support that is reconstituted by impregnating it with a platinum salt solution, then calcining it at a temperature from 400° C. to 1000° C., under conditions such that it has a platinum content ranging from 1 to 500 ppm, based on weight of catalyst; a gallium content ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 wt %; and a platinum to gallium ratio ranging from 1:20,000 to 1:4. It also has a Pt retention that is equal to or greater than that of a fresh catalyst being used in a same or similar catalytic process.
Abstract:
Manage sulfur present as sulfur or a sulfur compound in a hydrocarbon feedstream while effecting dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon(s) (e.g. propane) contained in the hydrocarbon feedstream to its/their corresponding olefin (e.g. propylene where the hydrocarbon is propane) without subjecting the feedstream to desulfurization before it contacts a fluidizable dehydrogenation catalyst that is both a desulfurant and a dehydrogenation catalyst and comprises gallium and platinum on an alumina or alumina-silica catalyst support with optional alkali or alkaline earth metal such as potassium. Contact with such a catalyst yields a desulfurized crude olefin product that corresponds to the hydrocarbon and has a reduced amount of sulfur or sulfur compounds relative to the sulfur or sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstream prior to contact with the catalyst.
Abstract:
Increase propane dehydrogenation activity of a partially deactivated dehydrogenation catalyst by heating the partially deactivated catalyst to a temperature of at least 660° C., conditioning the heated catalyst in an oxygen-containing atmosphere and, optionally, stripping molecular oxygen from the conditioned catalyst.
Abstract:
Manage sulfur present as sulfur or a sulfur compound in a hydrocarbon feedstream while effecting dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon(s) (e.g. propane) contained in the hydrocarbon feedstream to its/their corresponding olefin (e.g. propylene where the hydrocarbon is propane) without subjecting the feedstream to desulfurization before it contacts a fluidizable dehydrogenation catalyst that is both a desulfurant and a dehydrogenation catalyst and comprises gallium and platinum on an alumina or alumina-silica catalyst support with optional alkaline or alkaline earth metal such as potassium. Contact with such a catalyst yields a desulfurized crude olefin product that corresponds to the hydrocarbon and has a reduced amount of sulfur or sulfur compounds relative to the sulfur or sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstream prior to contact with the catalyst.
Abstract:
A catalyst comprising a Group IIIA metal, a Group VIII noble metal, and an optional promoter metal, on a support selected from silica, alumina, silica-alumina compositions, rare earth modified alumina, and combinations thereof, doped with iron, a Group VIB metal, a Group VB metal, or a combination thereof, offers decreased reactivation time under air soak in comparison with otherwise identical catalysts. Reducing reactivation time may, in turn, reduce costs, both in inventory and capital.