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    Reflective chiral-nematic liquid crystal display with broadband reflection
    31.
    发明申请
    Reflective chiral-nematic liquid crystal display with broadband reflection 有权
    具有宽带反射功能的反光手写向列型液晶显示器

    公开(公告)号：US20050110925A1

    公开(公告)日：2005-05-26

    申请号：US10718900

    申请日：2003-11-21

    Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Charles Rankin

    Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Charles Rankin

    IPC: G02F1/1333 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F1/137 ,  G02F1/1335

    CPC classification number: G02F1/13718 ,  G02F1/133305 ,  G02F1/1334 ,  G02F2203/34

    Abstract: A display sheet comprising a substrate carrying layers of material; including a polymer-dispersed chiral-nematic liquid-crystal layer having a first high reflection state within the visible light spectrum and a second less-reflective state in said spectrum, said states being changeable by an electric field, which states can be maintained in the absence of an electric field; a first transparent conductor disposed over said polymer-dispersed chiral-nematic liquid-crystal layer; and a second conductor, wherein said imaging layer is substantially a monolayer of said domains comprises a mixture of at least two differently reflecting liquid crystal materials, in which the λ maximums of the two materials are separated by 100 to 250 nm.

    Abstract translation: 一种显示板，包括承载材料层的基板; 包括在可见光谱内具有第一高反射状态的聚合物分散的手性向列型液晶层和所述光谱中的第二较少反射状态，所述状态可由电场改变，这些状态可以保持在 没有电场; 布置在所述聚合物分散手性向列型液晶层上的第一透明导体; 和第二导体，其中所述成像层基本上是所述畴的单层包括至少两种不同反射的液晶材料的混合物，其中两种材料的λ最大值分隔100至250nm。

    Color photographic elements containing yellow-colored magenta dye-forming masking couplers
    32.
    发明授权
    Color photographic elements containing yellow-colored magenta dye-forming masking couplers 失效
    含有黄色品红色染料形成掩蔽剂的彩色照相元件

    公开(公告)号：US6132943A

    公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

    申请号：US418392

    申请日：1999-10-14

    Applicant: Janet N. Younathan ,  Michael W. Crawley ,  Krishnan Chari

    Inventor： Janet N. Younathan ,  Michael W. Crawley ,  Krishnan Chari

    IPC: C07D231/52 ,  C09B29/50 ,  G03C7/305 ,  G03C7/333 ,  G03C7/384 ,  G03C1/46

    CPC classification number: G03C7/3335 ,  G03C7/30547 ,  G03C7/384

    Abstract: A multilayer silver halide color photographic element is disclosed comprising a support bearing a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a non-diffusible yellow-colored magenta dye-forming masking coupler of the following formula ##STR1## wherein COUP is a magenta dye-forming coupler having the azo group attached to its coupling position; q is an integer of from 0 to 3, and each R' independently represents a substituent group or two R' groups together complete a ring of from 5-7 atoms, which ring may include 1 or more heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; m is 1 or 2, and DG represents a substituent of the formula ##STR2## where each L.sup.1 represents a divalent linking group, preferably --O(CH.sub.2).sub.y --, --NHCO(CH.sub.2).sub.y --, or --NRCO(CH.sub.2).sub.y --, where R represents an alkyl or aryl group and y represents an integer from 1 to 4; each k is either 0 or 1; each L.sup.2 represents --NHSO.sub.2 --, --NHCO--, --SO.sub.2 NH--, or --CONH--, preferably at least one L.sup.2 group being --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 NH--, more preferably --NHSO.sub.2 --; each Z represents --SO.sub.3 M or --PO.sub.3 M, where M represents H or a counter ion such as Na, K, Li, or NH.sub.4 ; and each n represents an integer of from 1 to 5; with the provisos that each DG substituent group, when present, is located in the 4- or 6-position meta to the 2-hydroxyl substituent on the arylazo group, and that when at least one L.sup.1 or L.sup.2 group comprises an --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 NH-- group then the total number of Z group substituents on the coupler is at least 2, and when no L.sup.1 or L.sup.2 group comprises an --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --SO.sub.2 NH-- group then the total number of Z group substituents on the coupler is at least 3, and if k is 0 for a DG substituent group then the L.sup.2 group for that DG substituent is either --NHSO.sub.2 -- or --NHCO--.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种多层卤化银彩色照相材料，其包含支持感光卤化银乳剂层的支持体和下式不可扩散的黄色品红色染料形成掩蔽剂，其中COUP是形成品红色染料的成色剂，其具有 偶氮基团连接到其耦合位置; q为0〜3的整数，每个R'独立地表示取代基或两个R'基团一起形成5-7个原子的环，该环可包括1个或多个选自O，N和S的杂原子 ; m为1或2，DG表示下式的取代基，其中每个L1表示二价连接基团，优选-O（CH 2）y - ， - NHCO（CH 2）y - 或-NRCO（CH 2）y - ，其中 R表示烷基或芳基，y表示1至4的整数; 每个k是0或1; 每个L2代表-NHSO2-，-NHCO-，-SO2NH-或-CONH-，优选至少一个L2基团是-NHSO2-或-SO2NH-，更优选-NHSO2-; 每个Z表示-SO 3 M或-PO 3 M，其中M表示H或抗衡离子如Na，K，Li或NH 4; 并且每个n表示1至5的整数; 条件是每个DG取代基（当存在时）位于芳基偶氮基上的2-羟基取代基的4-或6-位，并且当至少一个L1或L2基团包含-NHSO 2 - 或 -SO 2 NH-基团，则成色剂上Z基团取代基的总数至少为2，当没有L1或L2基团包含-NHSO2-或-SO2NH-基团时，耦合器上的Z基团取代基的总数为 至少3，如果DG取代基的k为0，则该DG取代基的L2基团为-NHSO 2 - 或-NHCO-。

    Low melting point ionizable epoxy scavengers for residual magenta couplers
    33.
    发明授权
    Low melting point ionizable epoxy scavengers for residual magenta couplers 失效
    用于残留品红色成色剂的低熔点电离环氧清除剂

    公开(公告)号：US5627017A

    公开(公告)日：1997-05-06

    申请号：US427764

    申请日：1995-04-25

    Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Paul P. Spara ,  Sundaram Krishnamurthy

    Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Paul P. Spara ,  Sundaram Krishnamurthy

    IPC: C07D303/16 ,  C07D303/22 ,  C07D303/34 ,  C07D303/42 ,  C07D303/46 ,  C07D405/12 ,  C07F5/02 ,  C07F9/655 ,  G03C1/005 ,  G03C7/392 ,  G03C7/388

    CPC classification number: C07D303/22 ,  C07D303/16 ,  C07D303/34 ,  C07D303/42 ,  C07D303/46 ,  C07D405/12 ,  C07F5/025 ,  C07F9/65502 ,  G03C1/005 ,  G03C7/39268 ,  G03C7/39296 ,  Y10S430/136

    Abstract: Low melting point epoxy scavenger compounds are disclosed which contain a pH dependent ionizable group to facilitate migration of the scavenger from an adjacent scavenger layer (that does not contain any coupler) to an imaging layer (containing coupler and emulsion) of a photographic element at the pH of development. One aspect of the invention comprises a process of forming an aqueous dispersion of an epoxy compound of the structural formula SI: ##STR1## wherein: R is H, an alkyl group, or an aryl group; L.sub.1 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; L.sub.2 is --O--, --CO--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --PO.sub.2 --, --CO.sub.2 --, --NHCO-- or --NHSO.sub.2 --, wherein L.sub.2 may be orientated in either direction; L.sub.3 is an alkyl group; m is 0 or 1; p is 0 or 1; and X is ##STR2## wherein R' is H or an alkyl or aryl group, with the proviso that where L.sub.2 comprises an ionizable group, X may also be an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the compound has a melting point of less than about 50.degree. C. and the process comprises adding the compound in a liquid state to an aqueous solution, and directly dispersing the compound in the aqueous solution. Thermal and photochemical yellowing of a color photographic element, such as a color print, is inhibited by incorporating such compounds into the photographic element.

    Abstract translation: 公开了低熔点环氧清除剂化合物，其含有pH依赖性可电离基团，以促进清除剂从相邻的清除剂层（不含任何偶合剂）迁移至摄影元件的成像层（含有偶联剂和乳液） 发展pH。 本发明的一个方面包括形成结构式为SI：n芳基的环氧化合物的水分散体的方法; L1是烷基或芳基; L 2是-O-，-CO-，-S-，-SO 2 - ， - O 2 - ， - CO 2 - ， - NHCO-或-NHSO 2 - ，其中L2可以沿任一方向取向; L3是烷基; m为0或1; p为0或1; 并且X是，其中R'是H或烷基或芳基，条件是其中L2包含可离子化基团，X也可以是烷基或芳基; 其中所述化合物具有小于约50℃的熔点，并且所述方法包括将液体中的化合物加入到水溶液中，并将化合物直接分散在水溶液中。 通过将这样的化合物并入照相元件中，可以抑制彩色照相元件如彩色印刷的热和光化学变黄。

    Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers
    34.
    发明授权
    Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers 失效
    疏水性成色剂沉淀分散体的稳定化

    公开(公告)号：US5087554A

    公开(公告)日：1992-02-11

    申请号：US544720

    申请日：1990-06-27

    Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  James T. Beck

    Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  James T. Beck

    IPC: B01J13/00 ,  G03C1/053 ,  G03C1/38 ,  G03C7/388

    CPC classification number: G03C7/3882

    Abstract: The invention provides stable dispersions of couplers and methods of their formation. The stable dispersions are formed by the use of a nonionic water soluble polymer in combination with an anionic surfactant having a sulfate or sulfonate head group and a hydrophobic group of 8 to 20 carbons. The preferred nonionic water soluble polymers are polyethyleneoxide and polyvinylpyrrolidene. It is preferred that the dispersions have a pH of between about 5 and 5.5.

    Abstract translation: 本发明提供稳定的成色剂分散体及其形成方法。 通过使用非离子水溶性聚合物与具有硫酸盐或磺酸盐头基和8至20个碳的疏水基团的阴离子表面活性剂组合来形成稳定的分散体。 优选的非离子水溶性聚合物是聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。 优选分散体的pH为约5至5.5。

    Increased activity precipitated photographic materials
    35.
    发明授权
    Increased activity precipitated photographic materials 失效
    增加的活性沉淀照相材料

    公开(公告)号：US5008179A

    公开(公告)日：1991-04-16

    申请号：US440160

    申请日：1989-11-22

    Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Wayne A. Bowman ,  Brian Thomas

    Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Wayne A. Bowman ,  Brian Thomas

    IPC: G03C7/32 ,  G03C7/34 ,  G03C7/36 ,  G03C7/384 ,  G03C7/388

    CPC classification number: G03C7/388 ,  Y10S430/136

    Abstract: The invention is accomplished by providing an aqueous dispersion of a photographic coupler by precipitation from a solvent solution by solvent and/or pH shift. A second aqueous dispersion of an activating permanent solvent for the photographic coupler is also provided. The dispersion of activating permanent solvent and photographic coupler are combined to form a combined dispersion which is mixed with a gelatin dispersion of silver halide particles to form a photographic emulsion suitable for casting as a photographic element. In a preferred method of the invention, the activating solvent is incorporated into a dispersion of latex particles prior to being combined with the dispersion of photographic coupler.

    Abstract translation: 通过用溶剂和/或pH漂移从溶剂溶液中沉淀提供照相成色剂的水分散体来实现本发明。 还提供了用于照相偶联剂的活化永久性溶剂的第二水性分散体。 将活化永久性溶剂和照相成色剂的分散体合并形成组合的分散体，其与卤化银颗粒的明胶分散体混合以形成适合于作为照相元件浇铸的照相乳剂。 在本发明的优选方法中，活化溶剂在与照相成色剂的分散体组合之前并入胶乳颗粒的分散体中。

    Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers
    36.
    发明授权
    Stabilization of precipitated dispersions of hydrophobic couplers 失效
    疏水性成色剂沉淀分散体的稳定化

    公开(公告)号：US4957857A

    公开(公告)日：1990-09-18

    申请号：US288922

    申请日：1988-12-23

    Applicant: Krishnan Chari

    Inventor： Krishnan Chari

    IPC: G03C1/38 ,  G03C7/32 ,  G03C7/388

    CPC classification number: G03C7/3212 ,  G03C7/3882

    Abstract: The invention provides stable dispersions of couplers and methods of their formation. The stable dispersions are formed by the use of a nonionic water soluble polymer in combination with an anionic surfactant having a sulfate or sulfonate head group and a hydrophobic group of 8 to 20 carbons. The preferred nonionic water soluble polymers are polyethyleneoxide and polyvinylpyrrolidene.

    LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE WITH MICROLENS ARRAY
    39.
    发明申请
    LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE WITH MICROLENS ARRAY 有权
    具有微阵列的发光装置

    公开(公告)号：US20080310186A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

    申请号：US11763264

    申请日：2007-06-14

    Applicant: Krishnan Chari ,  Charles W. Lander ,  Liang-Sheng Liao ,  Paul D. Yacobucci

    Inventor： Krishnan Chari ,  Charles W. Lander ,  Liang-Sheng Liao ,  Paul D. Yacobucci

    IPC: F21V5/04 ,  B29D11/00

    CPC classification number: B29D11/00365 ,  B29D11/00807 ,  G02B3/0006

    Abstract: A method of manufacturing a micro-lens array and light-emitting device, comprising forming a first structured polymer film with close packed surface cavities having a mean diameter of less than 20 micrometers and a relatively lower surface energy surface, forming a transparent second structured film with an array of microlenses formed thereon corresponding to the cavities of the first structured film, wherein the second structured film comprises a relatively high surface energy material and has a refractive index greater than 1.45, and wherein the microlenses are randomly distributed, separating the second structured film with the micro-lens array from the first structured polymer film, and attaching the second structured film to a transparent substrate or cover of a light-emitting device through which light is emitted. Use of microlens arrays formed from relatively high surface energy materials enables matching refractive index of microlens array to that of light-emitting devices substrate or cover through which light is emitted and relatively high elastic modulus providing good scratch resistance.

    Abstract translation: 一种制造微透镜阵列和发光器件的方法，包括：形成具有平均直径小于20微米的密堆积表面腔的第一结构化聚合物膜和相对较低的表面能表面，形成透明的第二结构膜 其上形成有对应于第一结构化膜的空腔的微透镜阵列，其中第二结构化膜包括相对高的表面能材料并具有大于1.45的折射率，并且其中微透镜是随机分布的，将第二结构化膜 具有来自第一结构化聚合物膜的微透镜阵列的膜，以及将第二结构膜附着到发光装置的透明基板或盖。 使用由相对高的表面能材料形成的微透镜阵列使微透镜阵列的折射率能够匹配发光器件的发光器件衬底或覆盖层，通过该发光器件衬底或盖发射光，并且相对较高的弹性模量提供良好的耐刮擦性。

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