摘要:
A pulse power source comprises a first circuit, a second circuit, a transformer for coupling the first circuit and the second circuit, and a switching controller. The second circuit comprises a third semiconductor switch connected in series with a secondary winding of the transformer. The third semiconductor switch is connected in such a direction that a voltage generated in the second circuit is reverse-biased during a period in which the second semiconductor switch is turned on. A gate amplifier for forming a control signal from the switching controller into a pulse and outputting the pulse as a pulse signal is connected between a gate terminal and a cathode terminal of the third semiconductor switch.
摘要:
A pulse voltage is applied on a process gas to generate discharge plasma. The pulse voltage has a duty ratio controlled in a range of 0.001 percent or more and 8.0 percent or less. Preferably, the discharge plasma has an electron density of 1×1010 cm−3 or larger and an electron temperature of 1.5 eV or lower at a supplied power of 1.0 W/cm2 or more per a unit area of a discharge electrode.
摘要翻译:对工艺气体施加脉冲电压以产生放电等离子体。 脉冲电压的占空比控制在0.001%以上且8.0%以下的范围内。 优选地,放电等离子体的供电功率为1.0W / cm 2,电子密度为1×10 9 cm -3以上,电子温度为1.5eV以下, 每放电电极的单位面积的SUP> 2以上。
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for producing amino acid derivatives such as optically active β-amino acid in short steps with good yield and high optical purity, which comprises reacting a keto acid of the formula (1): wherein R1 is hydrogen, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon, etc.; R2 is a spacer; and R3 is an optionally substituted alkoxy, etc., or a salt thereof, with ammonia or an amine or a salt thereof in the presence of a chiral catalyst and in the presence or absence of an acid and/or a fluorine-containing alcohol, to give an amino acid derivative of the formula (2): wherein Q is a group formed by removing one hydrogen atom from ammonia or an amine; X′ is an acid and/or a fluorine-containing alcohol; and b is 0 or 1.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及以简单的步骤生产氨基酸衍生物如光学活性β-氨基酸的方法,该方法具有良好的产率和高的光学纯度,其包括使式(1)的酮酸:其中R 1 氢,任选取代的烃等; R 2是间隔物; R 3是任选取代的烷氧基等,或其盐与氨或胺或其盐在手性催化剂的存在下和存在或不存在酸和 /或含氟醇,得到式(2)的氨基酸衍生物:其中Q是通过从氨或胺除去一个氢原子而形成的基团; X'是酸和/或含氟醇; b为0或1。
摘要:
An insulated square wire that has a high dielectric breakdown voltage is prepared by coating a square wire by cationic electrodeposition on a square wire to form an insulating film thereon, by application of a cationic electrocoating from an electrocoating bath, wherein the shifting speed of the square wire in the electrocoating bath is set in a range from 1 to 80 m/min; the shortest distance from a liquid-contact portion of the square wire onto the cationic electrocoating to an electrode is et longer than 1/2 of the total shift distance of the square wire from the liquid-contact portion of the square wire to a liquid-separation portion in the electrocoating bath, the cationic electrocoating contains a resin composition of which a hydratable functional group is reduced directly by electrons and passivated, resulting in deposition of a film, and the cationic electrocoating contains crosslinked resin particles.
摘要:
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of coating an electric wire having edges, by which insulated wires having a high dielectric breakdown voltage can be attained. A method of coating an electric wire having edges, comprising a step of: forming an insul at ing film by cationic electrodeposition using a cationic electrocoating, the cationic electrocoating containing a resin composition of which a hydratable functional group is reduced directly by electrons and passivated, resulting in deposition of a film, and the cationic electrocoating containing crosslinked resin particles.
摘要:
A die for extrusion-forming of ceramic formed bodies having a part coming in contact with extruded ceramic clay with a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.1 μm or more is disclosed. The die has excellent wear resistance and can remarkably reduce a defective body ratio.
摘要:
Phosphine compounds represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represent substituents, and asymmetric synthesis catalysts containing transition metal phosphine complexes with the compounds contained as ligands therein. The novel phosphine compounds according to the present invention are useful especially as ligands in transition metal complexes. The transition metal phosphine complexes are useful as catalysts for asymmetric synthetic reactions. The novel phosphine compounds useful as ligands can be prepared by a relatively economical preparation process. Further, use of these catalysts can afford hydrogenated products with high optically purity and is also extremely useful from the industrial standpoint.
摘要:
The present invention is to provide a process for producing an optically active amino alcohol which is useful for the synthesis of natural substances and as an intermediate for drugs and agricultural chemicals in a high yield, a high selectivity and an economical manner with a good working efficiency and the present invention relates to a process for producing an optically active amino alcohol represented by the following formula (2) (in the formula, R1 is a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or a substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group; R2 and R3 each independently is hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or a substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group; R4 is hydrogen atom or a protective group; two or more of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be bonded each other to form a ring; and * is asymmetric carbon) or a salt thereof which comprises subjecting a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof to an asymmetric hydrogenation. (in the formula, R1 is a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or a substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group; R2 and R3 each independently is hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a substituted aromatic heterocyclic group, an aliphatic heterocyclic group or a substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group; R4 is hydrogen atom or a protective group; two or more of R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be bonded each other to form a ring; and a double bond is either cis or trans).
摘要:
A novel process for producing an optically active amide excellent in chemical selectivity and enantioselectivity by asymmetric hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated amide and also allowing the reaction to proceed efficiently even when a trace amount of a catalyst is used relative to the substrate as compared with the amount in a conventional process. An optically active amide is produced by asymmetric hydrogenation of an α,β-unsaturated amide derivative in the presence of a transition metal complex containing a specific phosphine-phosphorane compound.
摘要:
A novel phosphine compound having excellent properties (chemical selectivity, enantioselectivity, catalytic activity) as a catalyst for asymmetric syntheses, especially asymmetric hydrogenation. A phosphine-phosphorane compound represented by the following general formula: (wherein R1 represents hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are the same or different, and each represents hydrogen atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, etc., and each of R2 and R3, R3 and R4, and R4 and R5 may be together combined to form a ring which may contain one or more (preferably 1 to 2) oxygen atoms, and R6 and R7 are the same or different, and each represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, etc.).