摘要:
A lithographic apparatus having a projection system that includes a plurality of mirrors arranged to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate. The lithographic apparatus further includes an autofocus system having a light source, a position sensitive detector, and a light directing arrangement for directing a first portion of light from the light source to the position sensitive detector. The light directing arrangement further directs a second portion of light from the light source into the projection system and, after the second portion of light has traveled through the projection system to the substrate and back through the projection system to the light directing arrangement, the second portion of light is directed onto the position sensitive detector.
摘要:
A lithographic apparatus comprises an illumination system for providing a projection beam of radiation, a support structure for supporting patterning device, the patterning device serving to transmit or reflect radiation in the projection beam and impart the projection beam with a pattern in its cross-section, a substrate table for holding a substrate, and a projection system for projecting the patterned beam onto a target portion of the substrate. A sensor is provided for measuring the spatial intensity distribution of the projection beam at the substrate. The spatial distribution of transmission or reflectance of the patterning device, together with the distribution of the projection beam incident on the patterning device, may be determined from the measured intensity distribution. By comparing the transmission or reflectance from regions having identical patterns the overall (macroscopic) distribution of the transmission or reflectance of the patterning device can be determined.
摘要:
A method of fabricating a device using a lithographic process, the method comprising applying a layer of radiation sensitive resist on top of the device, applying a metallic layer on top of the resist layer, and exposing a part of the resist layer to radiation while coupling the metallic layer to a fixed potential so as to apply an electric field across the resist layer, the direction of the electric field being substantially perpendicular to the plane of the resist layer.
摘要:
In a lithographic apparatus, a beam of radiation passes along a beam path to a substrate, for applying patterned illumination to the substrate. An exchangeable aperture screen is inserted in the beam path to partially block out the beam from a remainder of the path onto the substrate. A test surface is provided on the aperture screen, so that the test surface receives a part of the beam that is not passed along the remainder of the beam path. The test surface is made of a material that is sensitive, under influence of radiation from the beam, to chemical alterations that also affect the optical element under influence of radiation from the beam. The test surface is later analyzed for chemical alterations after exposure to the beam.
摘要:
A method using a lithographic apparatus comprising a reflective integrator is claimed that optimizes the exposure of features on a target area of a substrate, when the features make an angle between 5 and 85 degrees with respect to the target area. The method comprises rotating the reflective integrator with respect to the target area providing a rotated mirror-symmetric pupil shape, which is implemented by either rotating the substrate or rotating the reflective integrator with respect to the machine or the patterning device. The patterning device comprises a maximum usable area and a patterned area which are rotated with respect to each other if a rotated substrate is employed. The method can be used in single exposure or double exposure mode. A further advantage of the method of using a rotated wafer is that it can be used for exposing features on a substrate in any direction even when the projection system of the lithographic apparatus shows a preferred polarization direction.