摘要:
A method of forming a transistor reduces leakage current and hot carrier effects, and therefore improves current performance. The method of forming a transistor includes selectively etching the semiconductor substrate to form a substrate protrusion and expose a buried source/drain implant region. A gate insulating layer covers the substrate protrusion and the first source/drain region. A gate conductor layer is selectively etched to form a gate pattern covering the sidewalls of the substrate protrusion and a portion of the semiconductor substrate adjacent to the sidewalls of the substrate protrusion. A second source/drain region is stacked over the top of the substrate protrusion. Contacts connected to the gate pattern and the first and second source/drain regions.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for using a guard band as a data subcarrier in a communication system supporting frequency overlay are provided. In a method of operating mobile station for using a guard band as a subcarrier for signal transmission in a communication system supporting frequency overlay, the method includes searching for a first center frequency located at a position corresponding to an integer multiple of a subcarrier spacing, after searching for the first center frequency, receiving information indicating the numbers n1 and n2 of first additional subcarriers, and performing a first network entry process by using all subcarriers including the first additional subcarriers.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for controlling uplink transmission power in a communication system are provided. In the method, transmission power of an uplink data channel signal is determined according to an Open Loop Power Control (OLPC) scheme and transmission power of an uplink control channel signal is determined according to a Closed Loop Power Control (CLPC) scheme.
摘要:
An optical element capable of increasing an angular field while improving luminance by condensing light, and a backlight unit and a liquid crystal display including the same. The optical element includes a light-transmitting base film; a plurality of diffusing cavities or convex diffusing structures formed in one surface of the base film to diffuse light entering the base film; and a light-condensing pattern formed in the surface of the base film where the diffusing cavities or convex diffusing structures are formed so as to condense incident light.
摘要:
An apparatus and method for dynamic channel allocation in a multiple channel wireless communication system are provided. The apparatus includes a scheduler for dividing resources to be used for a band Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) channel and a diversity channel, a generator for generating a MAP heading field including physical distribution information on the band AMC channel and the diversity channel, and a mapper for mapping the MAP heading field to a predetermined physical resource region.
摘要:
An optical device which maintains luminance characteristics to the greatest extent, improves light-collecting effects, and realizes a wide viewing angle, and a backlight unit and an LCD including the same. The optical device includes a light-transmitting base film. A plurality of convex portions is formed on at least one surface of the base film, and microscopic optical patterns have peaks and valleys, which abut each other, on part of the convex portions. Alternatively, a plurality of third fine optical patterns is formed on at least one surface of the base film. A portion of each third fine optical patterns abutting the base film forms a figure having long and short axes. Each of the third fine optical patterns has a peak with a height that decreases from the center to both ends thereof along the long axis.
摘要:
Provided are a method and apparatus for estimating a center line of an intersection by recognizing a crosswalk on a road input through a camera installed in a vehicle. The apparatus includes a road information providing unit which provides information about a road being traveled based on location information of a traveling vehicle; a crosswalk recognizing unit which recognizes a crosswalk based on an input image of the intersection and the information about the road and obtains a distance from the traveling vehicle to the crosswalk; and an intersection center line estimating unit which estimates the center line of the intersection based on the information about the road and the distance from the traveling vehicle to the crosswalk. Since the center line of the intersection is estimated, the apparatus and method of estimating a center line of an intersection according to the present invention can prevent traffic accidents occurring frequently at an intersection and helps indicate direction information of ‘real vehicle navigation.’
摘要:
A transistor which may effectively control the short channel effect with a vertical transistor structure. This structure may prevent the degradation of a transistor's performance caused by the hot carrier effect. The transistor has a source region having a concentration of implanted impurity ions on a semiconductor substrate; a channel region having a cylindrical shape over the source region; a drain region formed over the channel region; a gate insulation layer formed over the source region, a side of the channel region, and the drain region; and a gate conductor extending over an upper portion and one side of the channel region.
摘要:
Embodiments relate to a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor that may include a lower insulation layer where a capacitor lower metal layer is already formed, an intermediate structure, a first conductive structure, and a second conductive structure. The intermediate structure may include a first capacitor insulation pattern, a capacitor middle metal layer, a second capacitor insulation pattern, a capacitor upper metal layer, and an insulation pattern formed in sequence over the lower insulation layer. The first conductive structure may include a copper-based material and may be coupled between the capacitor upper metal layer and the capacitor lower metal layer. The second conductive structure may include a copper-based material and is coupled to the capacitor middle metal layer.
摘要:
A transistor which may effectively control the short channel effect with a vertical transistor structure. This structure may prevent the degradation of a transistor's performance caused by the hot carrier effect. The transistor has a source region having a concentration of implanted impurity ions on a semiconductor substrate; a channel region having a cylindrical shape over the source region; a drain region formed over the channel region; a gate insulation layer formed over the source region, a side of the channel region, and the drain region; and a gate conductor extending over an upper portion and one side of the channel region.