Abstract:
Techniques for controlling a bottom hole assembly (BHA) to follow a planned wellbore path include determining sensor measurements from the BHA; determining a model of BHA dynamics based on the sensor measurements from the BHA; determining a weighting factor that corresponds to a drilling objective; determining an objective function comprising the drilling objective, weighted by the weighting factor, and one or more constraints; determining a control input to the BHA that satisfies the objective function and the one or more constraints; and applying the control input to the BHA.
Abstract:
Uncertainty of microseismic monitoring results can be reduced to improve hydraulic fracture modeling. A computing device can use a fracture model to determine a predicted geometry of a hydraulic fracture in a subterranean formation based on properties of a fracturing fluid that is introduced into the subterranean formation. An uncertainty index of the predicted geometry of the hydraulic fracture can be determined based on an uncertainty value of the predicted geometry and a trend of uncertainty values. When the injection flow rate of the fracturing fluid is less than a maximum flow rate, it can be increased from an initial injection flow rate to an increased injection flow rate in response to determining the uncertainty index exceeds a pre-set maximum.
Abstract:
A system for optimizing a completion operation includes an interface to equipment and sensors for performing the completion operation. The interface supplies control signals to the equipment and obtains measurement signals from the sensors. The system further includes a short-term optimizer that derives a current job state based at least in part on the measurement signals, and that further adjusts the control signals to optimize a short-term cost function. The short-term cost function includes a difference between the current job state and a desired job state derived from optimized values of a set of decision variables. The system further includes a long-term optimizer module that determines the optimized values based on a long-term cost function, the long-term cost function accounting for at least a long-term reward and a final state cost.
Abstract:
Systems comprising a main tubular coupled to a pump and extending from a surface into a subterranean formation, wherein produced bulk fluid is pumped to the surface, and wherein the bulk fluid comprises at least water and a hydrocarbon, and has certain constituent parameters; a storage container for retaining the bulk fluid; a sampling tubular in fluid communication with the main tubular for sampling the bulk fluid, thereby forming at least one sampled fluid; and a dosing system coupled to the sampling tubular and configured to receive the sampled fluid, the dosing system configured to determine a constituent parameter of the sampled fluid, identify a type and concentration of separating surfactant to include in the bulk fluid to obtain a hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) substantially equal to 0, and introduce the identified type and concentration of the separating surfactant into the storage container retaining the bulk fluid.
Abstract:
A fracture model for a hydraulic fracture in a wellbore can be updated and calibrated. Information about a microseismic event can be received from a sensor that is monitoring a subterranean formation. The information can be received subsequent to a fracking fluid being introduced into the formation. An observed geometry of a hydraulic fracture can be determined based on the information and a predicted geometry of the fracture can be determined based on properties of the fracking fluid and a fracture model. The fracture model can be updated using the information about the microseismic event where it is determined that an uncertainty value of the observed geometry does not exceed a pre-set maximum. The uncertainty value can be based on the predicted geometry of the hydraulic fracture.
Abstract:
In some embodiments, an apparatus and a system, as well as a method and article, may operate to determine a change in fracture volume in a geological formation over a selected time period. Further activities may include determining injected fluid loss as an amount of lost fluid over the selected time period, based on the change in fracture volume, selecting a fluid loss model as a selected model based on the amount of lost fluid, and operating a controlled device based on the selected model. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.
Abstract:
Uncertainty in microseismic monitoring sensor data can be reduced. A computing device can receive information about at least one sensor that is monitoring a subterranean formation, including a location, after a fracturing fluid is introduced into the formation. The computing device can also receive information about a microseismic event and determine a seismic ray bath between a location of the event and the at least one sensor, and an uncertainty value of the location based on information about the formation and the information about the event. The computing device can determine a total uncertainty value associated with the locations of a plurality of microseismic events, including the microseismic event. The computing device can determine a solution to an objective function based on the total uncertainty value and a number of sensors. The computing device can determine a new location of the at least one sensor based on the solution.
Abstract:
Systems comprising a main tubular coupled to a pump and extending from a surface into a subterranean formation, wherein produced bulk fluid is pumped to the surface, and wherein the bulk fluid comprises at least water and a hydrocarbon, and has certain constituent parameters; a storage container for retaining the bulk fluid; a sampling tubular in fluid communication with the main tubular for sampling the bulk fluid, thereby forming at least one sampled fluid; and a dosing system coupled to the sampling tubular and configured to receive the sampled fluid, the dosing system configured to determine a constituent parameter of the sampled fluid, identify a type and concentration of separating surfactant to include in the bulk fluid to obtain a hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) substantially equal to 0, and introduce the identified type and concentration of the separating surfactant into the storage container retaining the bulk fluid.
Abstract:
An example method for optimized rotation of a drill string coupled to a drill bit and disposed within a borehole may comprise determining an angular velocity of at least part of the drill string. An angular velocity threshold to avoid static friction may also be determined. Additionally, a minimum input torque to apply to the drill string to maintain the angular velocity at or above the angular velocity threshold may be determined. The method may further include generating a control signal to a top drive motor based, at least in part, on the minimum input torque.