摘要:
Gas generation of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a negative active material that intercalates/deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium as negative electrode is suppressed.A non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent, a positive electrode and a negative electrode is characterized in that the main active material of said negative electrode is an active material that intercalates/deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium and the auxiliary active material of said negative electrode is an active material that at least intercalates lithium ions at a potential lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium and that there exists lithium showing a spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of not less than 1 second as determined by a solid-state Li—NMR measurement in the main active material of said negative electrode. A method of manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode and a negative electrode (a main active material and an auxiliary active material of the negative electrode) is characterized in that the negative electrode potential is lowered to not higher than 0.8 V relative to the potential of lithium at least once in the initial cycle.
摘要:
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery suppresses gas generation in a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a negative active material that intercalates and deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium for the negative electrode thereof. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery comprises a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an electrolytic salt and a non-aqueous solvent, a positive electrode and a negative electrode having a negative active material that intercalates/deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium and is characterized in that a film coat having a carbonate structure and a thickness of not less than 10 nm exists on the surface of said negative electrode and that the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is operated in a region of potential of the negative electrode higher than 0.8 V relative to the potential of lithium. A method of manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte battery having a non-aqueous electrolyte, a positive electrode and a negative electrode having a negative active material that intercalates/deintercalates lithium ions at a potential not lower than 1.2 V relative to the potential of lithium is characterized in that a film coat having a carbonate structure is brought into existence on the surface of said negative electrode by lowering the potential of the negative electrode to lower than 0.8 V relative to the potential of lithium at least once in an initial cycle.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided, in which the lengths of a wiring trench and a via hole in a depth direction are easily controlled. A component having a first insulating film is prepared on a substrate, and a layer is disposed on the above-described first insulating film. A mold having a pattern is imprinted on the above-described layer so as to form a second insulating film having a wiring trench and a first via, the pattern corresponding to the wiring trench and the first via. Thereafter, the above-described first insulating film is etched by using the above-described second insulating film as a mask so as to form a second via, which is connected to the first via, in the first insulating film.
摘要:
An engine for a vehicle for which the work of replacing an oil filter or an oil cooler is easily executed. The vehicle engine is provided with a crank case, a cylinder head having an exhaust passage outlet in a front face, an oil pan being independently formed from the crank case and attached to a lower surface of the crank case, an oil supply path communicating the oil pan with lubricated positions of the engine so as to circulate oil in the oil pan, an oil pump drawing the oil from the oil pan and pressure feeding the oil to the lubricated positions via the oil supply path, and an oil filter or an oil cooler interposed in the middle of the oil supply path and attached to a front face, a side face or a rear face of the oil pan.
摘要:
The present invention provides a generator cooling system of an engine which can supply sufficient cooling oil to a generator even during low speed operation, without complicating an oil passage formed within a wall of a crankcase. In the generator cooling system of the engine having a generator accommodated in a generator room which is formed at an end portion of the crankcase in a longitudinal direction of a crankshaft of the engine, the generator cooling system is provided with an oil passage formed to the crankcase in a position lower than an axis of the crankshaft, and an oil nozzle provided in the oil passage for injecting oil of the oil passage toward a lower portion within the generator room.
摘要:
A stacked body is formed by stacking a plurality of power generation cells in a stacking direction. End power generation cells are provided at opposite ends of the stacked body in the stacking direction. Each of the power generation cells includes a membrane electrode assembly and first and second metal separators sandwiching the membrane electrode assembly therebetween. The end power generation cells include first outer separators and second outer separators. The first outer separators are more highly hydrophilic in comparison with the first and second metal separators of the power generation cells.
摘要:
A diffractive optical element, which is used for an optical system of an exposure apparatus, includes a light-shielding member composed of a laminated layer of Cr oxide and Cr at a periphery of an effective area.
摘要:
An electrode base material is held by electrostatic attraction when a voltage from a DC power source is applied to electrodes for electrostatic attraction. A paste is applied to the electrode base material, and then the paste is dried to form the water-repellent layer. Subsequently, another paste is applied to the water-repellent layer, and then the paste is dried. Accordingly, the substantially flat electrode catalyst layer including an extremely small number of depressions is formed. The electrode of the fuel cell produced as described above can be used as an anode or a cathode.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method of producing a two-dimensional phase type optical element, wherein a first mask and a second mask made of different materials and both having a stripe-like shape are superposedly formed on a substrate, along different directions, respectively, and wherein positions of all levels to be defined are determined on the basis of at least one of the first and second masks.
摘要:
A method for purifying aluminum to provided which comprises the steps of maintaining aluminum as a starting material in a molten condition in N+1 vessels; wherein N+1 vessels for molten aluminum and N cooling bodies are provided which are immersed in molten aluminum in the vessels and upon which highly purified aluminum is crystallized on the surfaces thereof. The N+1 vessels are arranged sequentially from 1-st to (N+1)-th and the N cooling bodies are sequentially arranged from 1-st to N-th, respectively, and the vessels and cooling bodies are moved relative to each other.