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41.发明申请Biofuel cell, method for producing the same, electronic apparatus, enzyme-immobilized electrode, and method for producing the same 审中-公开生物燃料电池及其制造方法，电子设备，酶固定电极及其制造方法公开(公告)号：US20090047567A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-19
申请号：US12184820
申请日：2008-08-01
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , C12Q1/001 , Y02E60/527 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A biofuel cell has a structure in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other with a electrolyte layer provided therebetween, at least one of the cathode and the anode including an electrode on which at least one enzyme and at least one electron mediator are immobilized. The concentration of the electron mediator immobilized on the electrode is at least 10 times a Michaelis constant Km of the electron mediator for the enzyme, which is determined by measurement in a solution.
摘要翻译： 生物燃料电池具有其中阴极和阳极彼此相对的结构，其间设置有电解质层，阴极和阳极中的至少一个包括电极，至少一个酶和至少一个电子介体是 固定化 固定在电极上的电子介体的浓度是通过溶液中测量确定的酶的电子介体的米氏常数Km的至少10倍。
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42.发明申请Fuel Cells, Methods of Using of Using Fuel Cells, Cathodes for Fuel Cells, Electronic Devices, Devices Using Electrode Reactions, and Electrodes for Devices Using Electrode Reactions 审中-公开燃料电池，使用燃料电池的方法，燃料电池的阴极，电子装置，使用电极反应的装置和使用电极反应的装置的电极公开(公告)号：US20070224466A1
公开(公告)日：2007-09-27
申请号：US11574116
申请日：2005-08-22
IPC分类号： H01M8/16 , G01N27/327 , G01N27/404 , H01M4/90
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , H01M2004/8689 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18 , Y02E60/527
摘要： To provide a fuel cell and a method of using the same, which enable such a reaction environment as to exhibit excellent properties as electrode sufficiently, and to provide a cathode for the fuel cell, a device using an electrode reaction, and an electrode for the device using an electrode reaction. A fuel cell 10 includes an electrolyte solution 7 arranged between a cathode 1 and an anode 5. The cathode 1 includes a porous material made typically of carbon and an immobilized thereon. The fuel cell is so configured as to bring at least part of the cathode 1 into contact with a reactant in a gaseous phase. The cathode 1 preferably further includes an immobilized electron-transfer mediator in addition to the enzyme. The reactant in a gaseous phase can be, for example, air or oxygen.
摘要翻译： 为了提供一种燃料电池及其使用方法，能够使这样的反应环境充分发挥作为电极的优异性能，并且为燃料电池提供阴极，使用电极反应的装置和用于 装置使用电极反应。 燃料电池10包括布置在阴极1和阳极5之间的电解质溶液7。 阴极1包括通常由碳制成并固定在其上的多孔材料。 燃料电池被配置成使至少部分阴极1与气相中的反应物接触。 除了酶之外，阴极1优选还包括固定的电子转移介体。 气相中的反应物可以是例如空气或氧气。
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公开(公告)号：US20070196722A1
公开(公告)日：2007-08-23
申请号：US11623232
申请日：2007-01-15
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18 , Y02E60/527
摘要： A fuel cell and an electronic device equipped therewith are disclosed. The fuel cell is of the type having a cathode and an anode facing each other with a proton conductor interposed therebetween, with at least either of the cathode or anode having an enzyme as a catalyst immobilized thereon, wherein at least a first cathode, a first proton conductor, an anode, a second proton conductor, and a second cathode are sequentially placed thereon, and in fuel is held in contact with at least part of the anode.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种燃料电池及其配备的电子设备。 燃料电池是具有阴极和阳极的类型，其间介于质子导体之间，阴极或阳极中的至少任一个具有固定在其上的作为催化剂的酶，其中至少第一阴极，第一阴极 质子导体，阳极，第二质子导体和第二阴极依次放置在其上，并且燃料与阳极的至少一部分保持接触。
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44.发明申请POROUS ELECTROCONDUCTIVE MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF; ELECTRODE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF; FUEL CELL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION THEREOF; AND ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT, MOBILE MACHINE, ELECTRIC POWER GENERATING SYSTEM, COGENERATION SYSTEM, AND ELECTRODE REACTION-BASED APPARATUS 失效多孔电极材料及其制造方法; 电极及其生产工艺; 燃料电池及其生产方法; 和电子仪器，移动电机，电力生成系统，加热系统和电极反应设备公开(公告)号：US20070062821A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-22
申请号：US11458920
申请日：2006-07-20
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , H01M4/861 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2008/1095 , Y02E60/527 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A porous electroconductive material is provided. The electroconductive material enables efficient enzymatic metabolic reactions on electrodes and yields electrodes having immobilized enzymes thereon which remain stable in any working environment. The porous electroconductive material, which has a three-dimensional network structure, is formed from a skeleton of porous material and a carbonaceous material covering the surface of the skeleton. The porous material constituting the skeleton is foamed metal or alloy. This porous electroconductive material is made into an electrode, and enzymes are immobilized on this electrode. The resulting electrode with immobilized enzymes thereon is used as the anode of a bio-fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 提供多孔导电材料。 导电材料能够在电极上实现有效的酶代谢反应，并产生其上具有固定化酶的电极，其在任何工作环境中保持稳定。 具有三维网络结构的多孔导电材料由多孔材料的骨架和覆盖骨架表面的碳质材料形成。 构成骨架的多孔材料是发泡金属或合金。 将这种多孔导电材料制成电极，并将酶固定在该电极上。 将其上固定有酶的所得电极用作生物燃料电池的阳极。
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公开(公告)号：US08808928B2
公开(公告)日：2014-08-19
申请号：US12672582
申请日：2008-07-31
申请人： Takaaki Nakagawa , Hideki Sakai , Hideyuki Kumita , Masaya Kakuta
发明人： Takaaki Nakagawa , Hideki Sakai , Hideyuki Kumita , Masaya Kakuta
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , C12N11/14 , H01M4/8605 , H01M2004/8689 , Y02E60/527
摘要： Provided is a fuel cell having a structure in which a cathode and an anode face each other with a proton conductor therebetween. In this fuel cell, an oxygen reductase or the like is immobilized on at least the cathode, and the cathode is composed of a material having pores therein such as porous carbon. In this fuel cell, the volume of water contained in the cathode is controlled to be 70% or less of the volume of the pores of the cathode, whereby a high current value can be stably obtained through optimization of the amount of moisture contained in the cathode when an enzyme is immobilized on at least the cathode. Also provided is a method for operating the fuel cell.
摘要翻译： 提供一种燃料电池，其具有阴极和阳极彼此面对的质子导体的结构。 在该燃料电池中，氧还原酶等固定在至少阴极上，阴极由其中具有孔的材料如多孔碳构成。 在该燃料电池中，将阴极中含有的水的体积控制为阴极的孔的体积的70％以下，由此通过优化包含在阴极中的水分量，能够稳定地获得高电流值 当酶至少固定在阴极上时是阴极。 还提供了一种操作燃料电池的方法。
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46.发明申请METHOD FOR IMMOBILIZING ENZYME ON ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL CELL, ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL 审中-公开用于在燃料电池，燃料电池，燃料电池的制造方法，燃料电池的电极上固化酶的方法和用于制造燃料电池的电极的方法公开(公告)号：US20110229776A1
公开(公告)日：2011-09-22
申请号：US13130475
申请日：2009-11-24
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , H01M4/8825 , H01M4/8882 , H01M4/90 , Y02E60/527 , Y02P70/56
摘要： Provided are an enzyme immobilizing method, a fuel cell and an electrode for the fuel cell which employ the enzyme immobilizing method, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell and the electrode. The enzyme immobilizing method prevents reduction in enzyme activity when the enzyme is immobilized on the electrode, so as to make it possible to obtain a high catalyst current value. In the method for immobilizing an enzyme on the electrode used in the fuel cell, an enzyme variant with at least one amino acid residue being deleted, substituted, added, or inserted in a wild-type amino acid sequences is used as the enzyme, and the enzyme variant increases in activity through heat treatment. The immobilization is performed within a temperature range which makes it possible to increase the activity of the enzyme variant.
摘要翻译： 提供了酶固定化方法，燃料电池和使用酶固定化方法的燃料电池用电极，以及制造燃料电池和电极的方法。 当酶固定在电极上时，酶固定化方法防止酶活性的降低，从而可以获得高的催化剂电流值。 在将酶固定在燃料电池中使用的电极上的方法中，使用缺失，取代，添加或插入到野生型氨基酸序列中的至少一个氨基酸残基的酶变体作为酶， 酶变体通过热处理增加活性。 在可以增加酶变体的活性的温度范围内进行固定化。
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公开(公告)号：US07871739B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-18
申请号：US11623232
申请日：2007-01-15
CPC分类号： H01M8/16 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/04201 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2250/30 , Y02B90/18 , Y02E60/527
摘要： A fuel cell and an electronic device equipped therewith are disclosed. The fuel cell is of the type having a cathode and an anode facing each other with a proton conductor interposed therebetween, with at least either of the cathode or anode having an enzyme as a catalyst immobilized thereon, wherein at least a first cathode, a first proton conductor, an anode, a second proton conductor, and a second cathode are sequentially placed thereon, and in fuel is held in contact with at least part of the anode.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种燃料电池及其配备的电子设备。 燃料电池是具有阴极和阳极的类型，其间介于质子导体之间，阴极或阳极中的至少任一个具有固定在其上的作为催化剂的酶，其中至少第一阴极，第一阴极 质子导体，阳极，第二质子导体和第二阴极依次放置在其上，并且燃料与阳极的至少一部分保持接触。
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公开(公告)号：US08351128B2
公开(公告)日：2013-01-08
申请号：US12830956
申请日：2010-07-06
申请人： Hideki Sakai
发明人： Hideki Sakai
IPC分类号： G02B15/14
CPC分类号： G02B15/177
摘要： A zoom lens includes a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having a positive refractive power. The first lens unit, the second lens unit, and the third lens unit are arranged in order from an object side to an image side. Distances between the lens units change during zooming. The first lens unit consists of two lenses. Radii of curvature of a lens surface closest to the object side and a lens surface closest to the image side in the first lens unit, a focal length of the first lens unit, and a focal length of the entire zoom lens at a telephoto end are set appropriately.
摘要翻译： 变焦透镜包括具有负屈光力的第一透镜单元，具有正折光力的第二透镜单元和具有正折光力的第三透镜单元。 第一透镜单元，第二透镜单元和第三透镜单元从物体侧到像侧依次布置。 镜头单元之间的距离在变焦期间发生变化。 第一个镜头单元由两个镜头组成。 最靠近物体侧的透镜表面的曲率半径和最靠近第一透镜单元中的像侧的透镜表面，第一透镜单元的焦距和整个变焦透镜在望远端的焦距是 适当地设置
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公开(公告)号：US20110132630A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-09
申请号：US13058101
申请日：2009-07-01
申请人： Shuji Kawamura , Hideki Sakai , Hideki Mayama , Hideshi Takekuma
发明人： Shuji Kawamura , Hideki Sakai , Hideki Mayama , Hideshi Takekuma
IPC分类号： B25B21/00 , B25B23/147
CPC分类号： B25B21/00 , B25B23/147
摘要： A screw fastening device having a compact clutch that is directly connected to an output side of a DC motor. The output of the DC motor can be suppressed so that the DC motor and the clutch can be made compact. Accordingly, the device main body is more compact and lighter.
摘要翻译： 一种具有直接连接到直流电机的输出侧的紧凑型离合器的螺钉紧固装置。 可以抑制直流电动机的输出，使得可以使直流电动机和离合器紧凑。 因此，装置主体更紧凑，更轻。
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公开(公告)号：US20110026134A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-03
申请号：US12843533
申请日：2010-07-26
申请人： Hideki Sakai
发明人： Hideki Sakai
IPC分类号： G02B15/14
CPC分类号： G02B13/009 , G02B15/173
摘要： A zoom lens includes a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a rear group including at least one lens unit. The first lens unit, the second lens unit, the third lens unit, and the rear group are arranged in order from an object side to an image side. The second and third lens units move for zooming. Imaging magnifications of the second lens unit at a wide angle end and a telephoto end, imaging magnifications of the third lens unit at the wide angle end and the telephoto end, a moving amount of the third lens unit along an optical axis during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, and a total lens length at the telephoto end are set based on predetermined conditions.
摘要翻译： 变焦透镜包括具有正折光力的第一透镜单元，具有负折光力的第二透镜单元，具有正折光力的第三透镜单元和包括至少一个透镜单元的后组。 第一透镜单元，第二透镜单元，第三透镜单元和后组从物体侧到像侧依次布置。 第二和第三透镜单元移动以进行变焦。 第二透镜单元在广角端和望远端的成像倍率，在广角端和望远端成像第三透镜单元的放大倍率，第三透镜单元沿着光轴的移动量在从 广角端到远摄端，并且基于预定条件设置在远摄端的总透镜长度。
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