摘要:
A control device of an internal combustion engine according to the present invention has units configured to inject fuel at a first predetermined ratio from first and second fuel injection valves which are provided in each of cylinders to calculate a first value indicating a degree of variation in air-fuel ratios between the cylinders based on a output of the engine, and inject fuel at a second predetermined ratio therefrom to calculate a second value in the same manner. Furthermore, the control device has a unit configured to select one mode from modes relating to abnormality in the first fuel injection valve or the second fuel injection valve on the basis of the first and second values, and calculate a value indicating the degree of the variation in the air-fuel ratios between the cylinders, thereby calculating a fuel amount of the basis of them.
摘要:
An apparatus for detecting imbalance abnormality in an air-fuel ratio between cylinders in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the present invention increases a fuel injection quantity to a predetermined target cylinder to detect imbalance abnormality in an air-fuel ratio between cylinders at least based upon a rotation variation of the target cylinder after increasing the fuel injection quantity. The increase in the fuel injection quantity is carried out in the middle of performing the post-fuel-cut rich control. Since timing of the post-fuel cut rich control is used to increase the fuel injection quantity, the exhaust emission deterioration due to abnormality detection execution can be prevented as much as possible.
摘要:
An apparatus for detecting an abnormal air-fuel ratio variation, includes an abnormality detecting unit that detects an abnormal variation in each of a plurality of fuel injection valves on the basis of an injection ratio between the plurality of fuel injection valves, a fluctuation in the output before the injection ratio is changed and the fluctuation in the output after the injection ratio is changed; and a setting unit that corrects the abnormality determination threshold for each of the plurality of fuel injection valves on the basis of the injection ratio.
摘要:
To provide a printer capable of minimizing the effect of a wrapping member, which is used for wrapping a recording form around a photoconductor, on image quality and realizing high image quality printing, a conveying roller 6, wrapping roller 8, and transfer units 36a and 36b are arranged so that a line La connecting a center Ca of a roller 38a and a transfer point Ta and a line Lb connecting a center Cb of a roller 38b and a transfer point Tb are inclined to a central line A-A and are almost symmetric to the central line A-A. When the wrapping width W of the form around belt photoconductors 32a and 32b is specified to 5 mm≦W≦25 mm, even when a wrapping roller is not arranged between printing units 30a and 30b, a fixed wrapping width of the form S around the belt photoconductors 32a and 32b is reserved.
摘要:
According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a image forming unit, a measurement unit and a controller. The image carrier includes a central region on which a target image as an object of an image forming is formed and a peripheral region placed outward of the central region. The image forming unit forms a reference image on the peripheral region and the central region, before the image forming is started. Also, the image forming unit forms the target image on the central region based on a preset condition and a third reference image on the peripheral region, during the image forming. The measurement unit measures a physical quantity for the reference images.
摘要:
To provide a printer capable of minimizing the effect of a wrapping member, which is used for wrapping a recording form around a photoconductor, on image quality and realizing high image quality printing, a conveying roller 6, wrapping roller 8, and transfer units 36a and 36b are arranged so that a line La connecting a center Ca of a roller 38a and a transfer point Ta and a line Lb connecting a center Cb of a roller 38b and a transfer point Tb are inclined to a central line A-A and are almost symmetric to the central line A-A. When the wrapping width W of the form around belt photoconductors 32a and 32b is specified to 5 mm≦W≦25 mm, even when a wrapping roller is not arranged between printing units 30a and 30b, a fixed wrapping width of the form S around the belt photoconductors 32a and 32b is reserved.
摘要:
A polarized wave scrambler and an optical signal transmission apparatus in which polarization mode dispersion is suppressed, and which has first and second polarization maintaining optical fibers, wherein respective constant components of a phase difference characteristic for optical frequencies between high-speed and low-speed axes of the first and the second polarization maintaining optical fibers are equal, and respective slopes for optical frequencies of the phase difference characteristics of the first and second polarization maintaining optical fibers are different. A plane of polarization of the linearly polarized optical signal is set to an angle between the high-speed axis and the low-speed axis of the first polarization maintaining optical fiber and the linearly polarized optical signal is supplied to the first polarization maintaining optical fiber. Further, the first and the second polarization maintaining optical fibers are spliced such that the high-speed axis of the first, corresponds to the low-speed axis of the second, polarization maintaining optical fiber, and the low-speed axis of the first, corresponds to the high-speed axis of the second, polarization maintaining optical fiber.
摘要:
In a WDM optical communication system, at least one optical tunable filter is placed along an optical fiber provided as an optical transmission path between a transmitting station and a receiving station. The optical tunable filter has a controllable transmission factor versus wavelength characteristic. In the receiving station, the transmission characteristics (for example, optical signal to noise ratios and Q factors) for optical signals of different wavelengths propagated over the optical fiber are measured. The measurements are sent to the transmitting station. The transmitting station then properly controls both the amounts of pre-emphasis in the transmitting station and the wavelength characteristic of the optical filter on the basis of the measurements to thereby equalize the transmission characteristics for the optical signals. In this case, it is also possible to calculate the optimum proportion of allocation of control between the pre-emphasis control and the filter control and then perform the pre-emphasis control and the filter control according to the optimum proportion of allocation. In this control, the main controller may be either the transmitting station or the receiving station.
摘要:
An excellent polymer insulator is provided which can be formed by casting a composition in a mold and which after heat-curing have a silicone rubber coating layer on an outer circumferential surface of a glass fiber-reinforced plastics core thereby providing superior electric insulation properties including weather resistance, tracking resistance and erosion resistance, etc. in severe conditions of air pollution, salt damaging or severe climate.
摘要:
A composite insulator-producing lateral type molding apparatus includes a mold body constituted by a first molding unit and a second molding unit, each of said first and second molding units being provided, at an inner peripheral face, with recesses for the formation of a housing constituted by a plurality of shed portions and a axial portion connecting these shed portions, means for opening or tightening the first molding unit and the second molding unit, a pouring passage for pouring a housing-forming material into said recesses, and housing-forming material escape holes. A core member of the insulator is placed between the first and second molding units, the first and second molds are tightened, and the housing-forming material is poured into said recesses to form the housing. The first molding unit and the second molding unit extend laterally, and that the core member is laterally arranged horizontally between first and second molding units.