摘要:
The invention provides a process for the preparation of aspartic acid via a fermentation process for the preparation of ammonia fumarate, wherein the pH of the fermentation broth is controlled by the addition of a calcium base to produce a calcium fumarate precipitate, characterized in that ammonium fumarate is produced by separating the precipitated calcium fumarate from the fermentation broth, and reacting the same with a reagent selected from ammonia, ammonium carbonate, ammonia in combination with CO.sub.2 and mixtures therefore, to form ammonium fumarate and a co-product selected from calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide, wherein the energy of indirect neutralization of fumaric acid by ammonia serves as the driving force for the conversion of calcium fumarate to the desired ammonium fumarate product and for the regeneration of a calcium base reagent, and wherein diammonium fumarate is enzymatically converted to ammonium aspartate and acidulated to from aspartic acid.
摘要:
Methods of processing lignocellulose using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to form renewable platform chemicals that may be used as initial feedstock are provided. Metal-organic frameworks react with Provide lignocellulosic derivative lignocellulosic derivatives such as glucose and fructose to form 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) with high yield and high selectivity for FIMF production.
摘要:
A method including: (a) contacting lime with an extract including an S1 solvent carrying a contaminant load to form a lime treated extract; and (b) reducing the contaminant load by removing solids.
摘要:
The invention relates to an improved process for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, referred to hereinafter as isophoronediamine or, in abbreviated form, IPDA, by: I. preparation of isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensations with acetone as reactant; II. reaction of isophorone with HCN to form isophoronenitrile (IPN, 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone); III. catalytic hydrogenation and/or catalytic reductive amination (also referred to as aminative hydrogenation) of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, hereinafter called isophoronenitrile or, in abbreviated form, IPN, to give the isophoronediamine.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for preparing isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one) in the presence of at least one defoamer in the wastewater column in the workup section.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensation of acetone as an educt, reprocessing the reaction product, hydrolyzing the product stream, and separating into an organic and an aqueous fraction, obtaining isophorone from the organic fraction, distillatively reprocessing the aqueous fraction, and feeding the vapors from the head of the distillative reprocessing apparatus into the hydrolysis apparatus.
摘要:
The invention relates to an improved process for preparing 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, referred to hereinafter as isophoronediamine or, in abbreviated form, IPDA, by: I. preparation of isophorone by catalyzed aldol condensations with acetone as reactant; II. reaction of isophorone with HCN to form isophoronenitrile (IPN, 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone); III. catalytic hydrogenation and/or catalytic reductive amination (also referred to as aminative hydrogenation) of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone, hereinafter called isophoronenitrile or, in abbreviated form, IPN, to give the isophoronediamine.
摘要:
A method of removing a carboxylic acid from a liquid that contains a tertiary amide solvent includes a step of contacting the liquid with an extraction medium comprising an amine. The amine is immiscible with both water and the tertiary amide solvent, and the contacting step forms a de-acidified phase containing the tertiary amide solvent and a phase containing the extraction medium and the carboxylic acid. Both the liquid that contains the tertiary amide solvent and the de-acidified phase may also contain a sucrose-6-acylate.
摘要:
A method comprising: (a) providing a lignocellulosic substrate; (b) contacting said lignocellulosic substrate with an extractant comprising a water-soluble organic solvent to form an extracted substrate and a miscella; (c) removing miscella from said extracted substrate; and (d) hydrolyzing said extracted substrate using a chemically catalyzed process.
摘要:
An apparatus for extracting energy from fiber introduced as a fuel into a vertically elongated combustion chamber having a suspension burner capable of projecting a flame down the axis of the combustion chamber with a heat collection surface located radially from the flame and below the burner, and an exhaust opening located below the flame and below at least a portion of the heat collection surface, in which the combusted fiber yields a mixture containing hot flue gas and molten ash above the exhaust opening and heat transfers therefrom to the heat collection surface prior to any substantial contact of ash to a surface of the combustion chamber, to yield a mixture containing warm flue gas and non-molten ash, that is thereafter cooled to yield a mixture containing cool flue gas and non-molten ash.