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    Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
    52.
    发明授权
    Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser 有权
    包括冷凝装置如泡罩塔冷凝器的系统

    公开(公告)号：US09079117B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-07-14

    申请号：US14538619

    申请日：2014-11-11

    Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

    Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

    IPC: B01F3/04 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  F24F6/12 ,  C02F103/08

    CPC classification number: B01D5/006 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/225 ,  B01D5/0003 ,  B01D5/003 ,  B01D5/0075 ,  B01F3/04 ,  B01F3/04078 ,  B01F3/04106 ,  C02F1/04 ,  C02F1/048 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  F24F6/12 ,  Y02A20/128 ,  Y02W10/37

    Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

    Abstract translation: 冷凝设备及其在各种热交换系统中的应用一般被描述。 诸如泡罩塔冷凝器的冷凝装置可采用位于冷凝容器外部的热交换器，以从气泡塔冷凝器出口流中除去热量，从而产生热交换器出口流。 在某些情况下，冷凝装置还可以包括位于容器的外部的冷却装置，其构造和定位成从热交换器出口流移除热量以产生冷却装置出口流。 冷凝装置可以被配置为包括各种内部特征，例如具有至少1.5的纵横比的装置内的蒸汽分配区域和/或多个液体流动控制堰和/或室。 在某些情况下，冷凝装置可与加湿器耦合以形成脱盐系统的一部分。

    Production of ultra-high-density brines using transiently-operated desalination systems
    54.
    发明授权
    Production of ultra-high-density brines using transiently-operated desalination systems 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11084736B2

    公开(公告)日：2021-08-10

    申请号：US16596975

    申请日：2019-10-09

    Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

    Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Mark Zaloudek ,  Karim M. Chehayeb ,  Samar Shah

    IPC: C02F1/10 ,  C02F1/08 ,  C02F5/02 ,  C02F1/66 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D17/02 ,  C02F1/52 ,  B01D3/16 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/10 ,  C02F101/10 ,  C02F101/32 ,  C02F101/12 ,  C02F1/00

    Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is circulated through a fluidic circuit comprising a desalination system. In some embodiments, a portion of the desalination system (e.g., a humidifier) is configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to produce a concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the concentrated brine stream is recirculated through the fluidic circuit until the concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %). In certain embodiments, additional salt is added to the concentrated brine stream to produce an ultra-high-density brine stream (e.g., a brine stream having a density of at least about 11.7 pounds per gallon). Some aspects relate to a system that is configured to promote energy efficiency by recovering heat from the recirculated concentrated brine stream upon discharge from the fluidic circuit.

    Hybrid desalination systems and associated methods
    55.
    发明授权
    Hybrid desalination systems and associated methods 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10689264B2

    公开(公告)日：2020-06-23

    申请号：US16078704

    申请日：2017-02-22

    Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

    Inventor： Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan

    IPC: C02F1/10 ,  B01D3/34 ,  B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01D3/00 ,  B01D3/14 ,  B01D1/14 ,  C02F103/08 ,  C02F103/18 ,  C02F103/30 ,  C02F103/06 ,  B01D1/28 ,  C02F103/28 ,  C02F103/10

    Abstract: Systems and methods related to desalination systems are described herein. According to some embodiments, the desalination systems are hybrid systems comprising one or more first desalination units and one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units, which may form a fluidic circuit that is located downstream from the one or more first desalination units, may be configured to desalinate higher salinity liquid streams than the one or more first desalination units. In certain embodiments, the one or more first desalination units are operated under steady-state conditions and/or configured to operate under steady-state conditions. In certain embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are transiently operated and/or configured to facilitate transient operation. In some embodiments, a liquid stream comprising water and at least one dissolved salt is flowed through the one or more first desalination units, which are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the liquid stream to form a first concentrated brine stream enriched in the dissolved salt. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the first concentrated brine stream is fed to a fluidic circuit comprising the one or more second desalination units. In some embodiments, the one or more second desalination units are configured to remove at least a portion of the water from the first concentrated brine stream to produce a second concentrated brine stream further enriched in the dissolved salt. In certain cases, the second concentrated brine stream is recirculated through at least a portion of the fluidic circuit until the second concentrated brine stream reaches a relatively high density (e.g., at least about 10 pounds per gallon) and/or a relatively high salinity (e.g., a total dissolved salt concentration of at least about 25 wt %).

    OSMOTIC DESALINATION METHODS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS
    56.
    发明申请
    OSMOTIC DESALINATION METHODS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20200147554A1

    公开(公告)日：2020-05-14

    申请号：US16681533

    申请日：2019-11-12

    Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

    Inventor： Looh Tchuin Choong ,  Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Maximus G. St. John ,  Steven Lam ,  Jonn-Ross Andrews ,  Karim M. Chehayeb

    IPC: B01D61/58 ,  C02F1/44 ,  B01D61/02 ,  B01D61/00

    Abstract: Provided herein are osmotic desalination methods and associated systems. According to certain embodiments, multiple osmotic membranes may be used to perform a series of osmosis steps, such that an output stream having a relatively high water purity—compared to a water purity of an aqueous feed stream—is produced. In some embodiments, multiple draw streams can be used to produce aqueous product streams having sequentially higher purities of water. Certain embodiments are related to osmotic desalination systems and methods in which forward osmosis is used to produce a first product stream having a relatively high water purity relative to an aqueous feed stream, and reverse osmosis is used to perform a second step (and/or additional steps) on the first product stream. In some embodiments, multiple reverse osmosis steps can be used in series to perform a net desalination process.

    SYSTEMS INCLUDING A CONDENSING APPARATUS SUCH AS A BUBBLE COLUMN CONDENSER
    59.
    发明申请
    SYSTEMS INCLUDING A CONDENSING APPARATUS SUCH AS A BUBBLE COLUMN CONDENSER 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20190282921A1

    公开(公告)日：2019-09-19

    申请号：US16359211

    申请日：2019-03-20

    Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

    Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

    IPC: B01D5/00 ,  B01F3/04 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01D3/22 ,  B01D1/14 ,  F24F6/12

    Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

    Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser
    60.
    发明授权
    Systems including a condensing apparatus such as a bubble column condenser 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10286335B2

    公开(公告)日：2019-05-14

    申请号：US14485606

    申请日：2014-09-12

    Applicant: Gradiant Corporation

    Inventor： Prakash Narayan Govindan ,  Steven Lam ,  Maximus G. St. John

    IPC: B01D5/00 ,  C02F1/04 ,  B01F3/04 ,  F24F6/12 ,  B01D1/14 ,  B01D3/22 ,  C02F103/08

    Abstract: Condensing apparatuses and their use in various heat and mass exchange systems are generally described. The condensing apparatuses, such as bubble column condensers, may employ a heat exchanger positioned external to the condensing vessel to remove heat from a bubble column condenser outlet stream to produce a heat exchanger outlet stream. In certain cases, the condensing apparatus may also include a cooling device positioned external to the vessel configured and positioned to remove heat from the heat exchanger outlet stream to produce a cooling device outlet stream. The condensing apparatus may be configured to include various internal features, such as a vapor distribution region and/or a plurality of liquid flow control weirs and/or chambers within the apparatus having an aspect ratio of at least 1.5. A condensing apparatus may be coupled with a humidifier to form part of a desalination system, in certain cases.

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