摘要:
A liquid crystal display device (100 or 200) includes a first substrate (110 or 210) and a second substrate (120 or 220) opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer (130 or 230) sandwiched between the first and second substrates; a common electrode (140 or 240) formed on the first substrate, and the common electrode having a plurality of openings (180 or 280); and a plurality of gate lines (150 or 250) formed on the second substrate and positionally corresponding the openings respectively. Moreover, the gate lines can be arranged with the areas of the second substrate corresponding to the openings. The coupled capacitor delaying of signals of gate electrodes in the TFTs can be reduced. Accordingly, flickering can be reduced, and the display performance can be improved.
摘要:
A two part retaining ring is described that has a lower ring and an upper ring. The lower ring contacts a polishing surface during chemical mechanical polishing. The upper surface and the lower surface of the lower ring have matching grooves formed therein to increase the flexibility of the lower ring.
摘要:
In order to provide communication service across various networks, the method for providing communication service via the client representatives is disclosed. First, the communication service request from a first terminal would be received by a management system through Internet. By accessing the database, the management system then obtains the link information according to the communication service request, wherein the link information includes information of the client representative and the second terminal. After that, through Internet, the link information would be returned to the first terminal, and the first terminal may connect to the client representative. Finally, the communication service between the first terminal and the second terminal is therefore generated by relaying the connection to the second terminal through PSTN.
摘要:
Systems and apparatus providing a carrier head for chemical mechanical polishing are described. The carrier head includes a base, a support structure attached to the base, a retaining structure attached to the base, and a connector attached to the base and the retaining structure. The support structure includes a receiving surface for contacting a substrate. The retaining structure prevents the substrate from moving along the receiving surface. The base and the retaining structure can thermally expand at different rates of expansion without causing distortion to one another.
摘要:
The present invention discloses a taste-sensing mixture, a taste sensor and a taste-sensing system using the same, which measures the conductivity of a solution and analyzes the measuring result by the principle component analysis to differentiate the taste of the solution. The taste-sensing mixture comprises a carrier and a dispersant dispersed in the carrier. Preferably, the carrier is selected from the group consisting of conductive polymer, salt compound and alkene polymer, while the dispersant is selected from the group consisting of alcohol and gel. The alkene polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide and polystyrene, the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, methanol and ethanol, the conductive polymer can be polypyrrole or polyaniline, the salt compound can be sodium chloride or sodium potassium, and the gel can be agar.
摘要:
A carrier head for a chemical mechanical polishing apparatus is described. The carrier head has a base, a rigid body, a membrane and a pressurizing structure. The rigid body is movable relative to the base and includes a downwardly-extending projection. The membrane has a mounting surface for a substrate. The membrane extends below the base to provide a chamber between the base and the membrane. The pressurizing structure applies a downward pressure on the rigid body to cause a lower surface of the rigid body to press on an inner surface of the membrane.
摘要:
A carrier head for chemical mechanical polishing of a substrate. The carrier head includes a carrier base, a retaining ring, and a junction connecting the carrier base to the retaining ring. The junction is configured such that vertical movement of the retaining ring is substantially restrained relative to the carrier base. The junction is further configured such that the profile of a bottom surface of the retaining ring is substantially decoupled from flexing and/or expansion of carrier base.
摘要:
Techniques for removing a substrate from a polishing pad are described. A substrate is pulled away from the polishing pad such that the edges of the substrate are pulled away from the polishing pad before the center of the substrate is pulled from the polishing pad.
摘要:
A carrier head for chemical mechanical polishing of a substrate includes a base and a flexible membrane extending beneath the base to define a chamber. The flexible membrane has a core of a first material and an outer layer of a second material having a lower adhesion to the substrate than the first material. An exposed surface of the outer layer provides a mounting surface for the substrate.
摘要:
A carrier head that has a base assembly and a flexible membrane. The flexible membrane has a generally circular main portion with a lower surface that provides a substrate-mounting surface and a plurality of concentric annular portions extending from the main portion and secured to the base assembly. The volume between the base assembly and the flexible membrane forming a plurality of pressurizable chambers.